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1、語氣概念：語氣概念：謂語謂語v用用不同的形式不同的形式表示說話人的表示說話人的不同意圖不同意圖，這種，這種形式形式稱為語氣。稱為語氣。1.陳述語氣陳述語氣：用來陳述一個事實，或提出一種看法，有肯定、否定、：用來陳述一個事實，或提出一種看法，有肯定、否定、疑問、感嘆等形式。疑問、感嘆等形式。He is late for class. What fun!He is not interested in classical music.2.祈使語氣祈使語氣：用來表示請求、邀請、命令、警告或勸告等（動詞常：用來表示請求、邀請、命令、警告或勸告等（動詞常用原形）用原形）Dont be late！3.虛擬語

2、氣：表示說話人所說的不是事實，而是一種假設、愿望、虛擬語氣：表示說話人所說的不是事實，而是一種假設、愿望、懷疑或推測。懷疑或推測。 如果上天能夠再給我一次機會如果上天能夠再給我一次機會,我會對那個女孩說：我會對那個女孩說：“我愛你我愛你” 。 If I had one more chance, I would say to the girl “I love you”.虛擬語氣定義： 用來表示說的話不是事實，或者是不可能發(fā)生的情況，而是一種愿望，建議，假設的語氣叫虛擬語氣。 If I had one more chance, I would go to university again.一、虛擬

3、語氣在一、虛擬語氣在 if if非真實條件句中非真實條件句中虛擬條件虛擬條件從句從句(If)主主 句句與與現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在事實相反的假設事實相反的假設與與過去過去事實相反的假設事實相反的假設與與將來將來事實相反的假設事實相反的假設主語主語+did/were主語主語+should / would/could / might + do主語主語+ had done主語主語+ should / would/ could / might + have done 主語主語+1.did2.should do3.were to do主語主語+should / would/could / might + doIf yo

4、u had studied hard before, you would have passed the exam.1.1.如果我是你，我會接受他的建議。如果我是你，我會接受他的建議。2.2.如果明天下雨，我會待在家里。如果明天下雨，我會待在家里。3.3.如果你以前好好學習，如果你以前好好學習， 你會通過考試的。你會通過考試的。If I were you, I would accept his advice.If it rained/should rain/were to rain tomorrow, I would stay at home.eg: If I eg: If I hadhad

5、time, I time, I would attendwould attend the meeting. the meeting. If he If he had hurriedhad hurried ,he ,he could have caughtcould have caught the train. the train. If I If I were to go abroadwere to go abroad ,I ,I would gowould go to America. to America.You didnt let me drive. If we _ in turn, y

6、ou _ so tired.A.drove; didnt getB.drove; wouldnt getC.were driving; wouldnt getD.had driven; wouldnt have got注意：注意：1.錯綜時間虛擬語氣錯綜時間虛擬語氣當當從句主句從句主句所表示的行為所發(fā)生的所表示的行為所發(fā)生的時間不一致時間不一致時，時，動詞的形式動詞的形式要要根據(jù)它所表示的時間作出根據(jù)它所表示的時間作出相應的調(diào)整。相應的調(diào)整。If you _(follow)my advice just now, you _(be)better now.If you _(study)hard b

7、efore, you _(be)a college student now.had followedwould behad studiedwould beIf you _ with George earlier, you _ so angry now.A.talked; would not beB.had talked; would not beC.would talk; would not beD.had talked; would not have beenIf we had taken such effective measures much earlier, the river _ s

8、o seriously now.A.is not pollutedB.would not be pollutedC.had not been pollutedD.would not have been polluted2. if從句中，從句中，were，had（完成時態(tài)標志），（完成時態(tài)標志），should可以放在句首，（用于可以放在句首，（用于倒裝結構），倒裝結構），if必須省略。否定詞必須省略。否定詞not不能不能放在放在前面。前面。1.Had I not seen him then(Hadnt I seen him then), I wouldnt have been very happ

9、y.2.If I were you, I would accept his advice.3.If it rained/should rain/were to rain tomorrow, I would stay at home.4.If you had studied hard before, you would have passed the exam.Had you studied hard before,Were I you,Should it rain tomorrow/ Were it to rain tomorrow,._ it rain tomorrow, we would

10、have to put off the visit to the Yang Pu Bridge.A.Were B. Should C.Would D. Will 3 3、含蓄虛擬語氣、含蓄虛擬語氣 有時為了表達的需要，在虛擬語氣中，并不總是出現(xiàn)有時為了表達的需要，在虛擬語氣中，并不總是出現(xiàn)ifif引導的引導的條件句，而通過其它手段來代替條件句。條件句，而通過其它手段來代替條件句。常用的有常用的有介詞介詞with，without，but for（倘沒有，要不是）；（倘沒有，要不是）； 連詞連詞or，but； 副詞副詞otherwise等。等。1.I was ill that day. Other

11、wise, I would have taken part in the sports meeting.=If I hadnt been ill that day, I would have taken part in the sports meeting.2.He telephoned to inform me of your birthday, or I would have known nothing about it.3.I should have given you more help, but I was too busy.4.What would you do with a mi

12、llion dollars? 5.Without / But for your help, we couldnt have finished the work ahead of time.=If it had not been for your help, Without electricity, human being life _ quite different today.A.isB.will beC.would have beenD.would beBut for his help, I _.A.should not have succeededB.have not succeeded

13、C.did not succeedD.had not succeededHe hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball, otherwise he _ a goal.A.had scoredB.scoredC.would scoreD.would have scored Why didnt you buy it? I _ but I didnt have the money. A. would B. would have C. had had D. had bought1.If the world-war broke out again, w

14、hat _(happen) to our people on earth?2. What _(happen) if you _ (get up) too late tomorrow?3. If I _ (meet) you yesterday, we _ (go) to the concert together.were to get up/ got up/ should get upwould happenhad metwould have gonewould happen對現(xiàn)在假設對現(xiàn)在假設對將來假設對將來假設對過去假設對過去假設 靈活運用靈活運用 二、虛擬語氣的其他用法二、虛擬語氣的其他

15、用法1.as if / as though（好像）（好像）+從句從句與現(xiàn)在相反與現(xiàn)在相反 did/were與過去相反與過去相反 had done與將來相反與將來相反 would/could/might+ do He looks as if he were an artist.He talked about the accident as if he had seen it.(區(qū)分區(qū)分even if/though即使即使)Even if he were here, he could not solve the problem.Even if I had been busy then, I wou

16、ld have helped you.When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it _. A. breaks B. has broken C. were broken D. had been broken2.It is (high / about) time (that) sb did sb should（不可省略不可省略） + do 該是某人做某事的時候了。該是某人做某事的時候了。 It is high time that you got up/should get up.Im getting tired; it

17、s time we _ home. A. go B. are going C. went D. should be going3.3.wish/if onlywish/if only( (要是要是就好了）就好了）+ +從句從句 與現(xiàn)在事實相反與現(xiàn)在事實相反 did/were 與過去事實相反與過去事實相反 had done（或用（或用could have done） 與將來事實相反與將來事實相反 could/would/might + do I wish (that)he_(visit) us tomorrow.I wish (that) he_(visit)us today.I wish he

18、_(visit) us yesterday. had visited us/ could have visited us would /could /might visitvisitedIf only you _ （listen)to our advice!If only I _ (be)a bird!had listenedwere4.在在would rather+賓語從句中賓語從句中與現(xiàn)在或將來事實相反與現(xiàn)在或將來事實相反 did/were與過去事實相反與過去事實相反 had done即：即：would rather sb did/ had doneI would rather you _

19、(come) here tomorrow.I would rather you _ (not tell)me the truth.camehadnt told5.用于表示用于表示建議建議(advise/ suggest/ propose/recommend)命令命令(order/ command)要求要求(demand/require/ request/ desire)堅持要求堅持要求(insist) 等詞及變體詞相連的等詞及變體詞相連的名詞性從句名詞性從句中需用虛擬語氣：中需用虛擬語氣：sb （should）+ do1.I suggested that he should go there

20、at once. (賓語從句賓語從句)2.My advice is that we should tell him the news. -(表語從句表語從句)3.I made a suggestion that he-(同位語從句同位語從句)4.It is suggested that he should-(主語從句主語從句)區(qū)別：區(qū)別：This is the suggestion that/ which he made at the meeting.(定語從句定語從句)The officer gave the order that nothing _ until the people arr

21、ived. A. didnt touch B. touched C. be touched D. touch注意：注意：suggest:表明，暗示表明，暗示 陳述語氣陳述語氣 建議建議 虛擬語氣虛擬語氣Her pale face suggested that she _（be)ill and that she _(send) to hospital immediately.Insist：堅持說，堅持認為堅持說，堅持認為 陳述語氣陳述語氣 堅持主張，堅持要求堅持主張，堅持要求 虛擬語氣虛擬語氣He insisted that he _(not steal) the money and insis

22、ted that he _(set) free.was(should) be senthadnt stolen(should) be set6.主語從句中的虛擬語氣（主要是主語從句中的虛擬語氣（主要是it作形式主語）作形式主語）It is/was 形容詞形容詞/名詞名詞that主語從句多數(shù)情況下用虛擬語氣主語從句多數(shù)情況下用虛擬語氣,表達表達一種要求一種要求,命令或者責備命令或者責備,但是如果只是表示陳述一個事實而不是強烈但是如果只是表示陳述一個事實而不是強烈的感情的感情,完全可以用一般的陳述語氣完全可以用一般的陳述語氣.It is necessary / important / natura

23、l / strange / funny/ surprising/ a pity / a shame/ no wonder that sb (should) + do It is strange that he (should) have treated his parents like that.It is a pity that Lucy (should) be so careless.注意：以上句式也可用于陳述語氣注意：以上句式也可用于陳述語氣It is strange that he didnt come yesterday.It is a pity that she cant sing

24、.It is strange that the lazy boy _ pass the exam. A. has B. should C. would D. might 7. 情態(tài)動詞情態(tài)動詞+ have donecould have done 本來可以做，而實際上未做本來可以做，而實際上未做- - -might have done 本來可能本來可能/可能做過可能做過 - - -should / ought to have done 本來應該做本來應該做 - - -shouldnt / ought not to have done 本不該做本不該做 - - 你本不應該告訴她真相。你本不應該告訴

25、她真相。You shouldnt have told her the truth .neednt have done 本不必做本不必做 而實際做了而實際做了- - - 比較：比較：didnt need to do 沒必要做也沒有做沒必要做也沒有做 - - - 我沒必要擦窗戶。我兄弟做了我沒必要擦窗戶。我兄弟做了I didnt need to clean the windows . My brother did it.would have done 本來會去做本來會去做-我沒有足夠的錢否則我會買那本書的我沒有足夠的錢否則我會買那本書的I didnt have enough money, othe

26、rwise I would have bought that book. 虛擬語氣與高考虛擬語氣與高考 1. 我們在做語法填空題時，一旦判斷所給動詞在句中作為我們在做語法填空題時，一旦判斷所給動詞在句中作為謂語后，就考慮其時態(tài)、語態(tài)、語氣、主謂一致等。謂語后，就考慮其時態(tài)、語態(tài)、語氣、主謂一致等。2. 短文改錯中，可能出現(xiàn)動詞形式的錯誤。短文改錯中，可能出現(xiàn)動詞形式的錯誤。1.It is strange that the little boy _ speak two foreign languages. A. could b. can C. should D. would2. He gave

27、orders that the experiment _ before 5:30pm. A. be finished B. will finish C. must be finished3.He _ you more help, even though he was very busy. A, might have given B. might give C.may have given4.Without the leadership of the Party, there _no New China. A. would be B. has been C. should be D. wasCA

28、AA一、單項選擇一、單項選擇 靈活運用靈活運用 1.If I _ (be) you, I would do it in a different way.1. 與現(xiàn)在事實相反。與現(xiàn)在事實相反。2. If you had followed my advice just now, you _(be) fine now. 2. 與現(xiàn)在事實相反。與現(xiàn)在事實相反。3. He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball, otherwise he _ (score) a goal.3. 與過去事實相反。與過去事實相反。4. If I _(have) a mi

29、llion dollars, I would first donate some of the money to poor children in remote mountainous areas.4. 與現(xiàn)在事實相反。與現(xiàn)在事實相反。werewould be二、單句填空二、單句填空 would have scoredhad5. The doctor ordered that she _ (stay) in bed for a few days.(should) stay6. It is very important that you _(master) the skills of compu

30、ter.7. English teachers give advice that we _ (make) good use of every chance to speak English.(should) make(should) master8. It is high time that we _(take) some measures to protect the wild animals.took/should take9. How I wish every family _ (have) a large house with a beautiful garden！had10. Jan

31、es pale face suggested that she _ (be) ill, and her parents suggested that she _(have) a medical examination.wasshould have三、單句改錯三、單句改錯 1. How I wish there are 28 hours a day so that I had more time for fun.are were 與現(xiàn)在事實相反或不可能實現(xiàn)的愿望，故用一般過去與現(xiàn)在事實相反或不可能實現(xiàn)的愿望，故用一般過去時。時。2. Had he worked hard years ago, h

32、e would have become very rich today. 刪除刪除have 前句相當于前句相當于If he had worked hard years ago, 與過去事與過去事實相反的假設實相反的假設,主句是對現(xiàn)在事實的假設。屬于錯綜情況。句意：主句是對現(xiàn)在事實的假設。屬于錯綜情況。句意：如果他幾年前就努力工作，他現(xiàn)在一定就變得富有了。如果他幾年前就努力工作，他現(xiàn)在一定就變得富有了。3. If I were a boy again, I will remember that a good skater never tries to skate in two direction

33、s at once. will would 虛擬條件句是與現(xiàn)在事實相反的情況，主句虛擬條件句是與現(xiàn)在事實相反的情況，主句謂語用謂語用would do。4. But the fact that China are also affected by the global economic crisis, we would have fewer workers now.在在But后加后加for 因因but for(如果沒有，要不是如果沒有，要不是)是固定短語，是固定短語，常與虛擬語氣連用。常與虛擬語氣連用。5. It might have been done better if you have b

34、een more careful. have had 在表示與過去事實相反的虛擬條件句中，謂在表示與過去事實相反的虛擬條件句中，謂語用過去完成時。語用過去完成時。6. I actually believe that we would be in Xian now if you hadnt caught drunk while driving last month.在在caught前加前加been 表示表示“被抓被抓”用被動語態(tài)。用被動語態(tài)。7. It is high time that we establish an honest and fair system of education.es

35、tablish established 或在或在establish 前加前加 should 因為由因為由句型句型It is time that sb. should do 或或 It is high time that sb. did sth.決定的。其中決定的。其中should不能省略。不能省略。8. Mr. Li, my best friend, speaks English as if he is an Englishman.is were 表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反的情況，用一般過去時表表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反的情況，用一般過去時表示，示，be一律用一律用were。9. Tibet is so my

36、steriously described by some people that I think if only I can go there.can could 因因if only (但愿，要是但愿，要是就好了就好了)是個固定句型是個固定句型, 表示將來的愿望表示將來的愿望, 用用could do。10. Id rather he goes to the theatre tomorrow.goes went 在在would rather后接句子時，用一般過去時表示后接句子時，用一般過去時表示與現(xiàn)在或將來不太可能的愿望；用過去完成時表示與過去事實與現(xiàn)在或將來不太可能的愿望；用過去完成時表示與過去事實相反的愿望。相反的愿望。