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1、 可數(shù)名詞:有單復(fù)數(shù)之分可數(shù)名詞:有單復(fù)數(shù)之分 1.可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)可用冠詞修飾可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)可用冠詞修飾 。如如, a book,anan apple, apple, thethe teacher teacher 2.可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)可用可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)可用how many,many,a few,few, a lot of, lots of, plenty of, some , any等詞等詞修飾修飾. Quick Response 快速反應(yīng)快速反應(yīng)Say the plural forms of the countable nouns job _ 2.cake _ 3. key _4.baby _ 5.l
2、ady _ 6pany _7.box _ 8.match _ 9.brush _ 10.leaf _ 11.knife _ 12.shelf _13.scarf _ 14.thief _ 15.half_16.zoo _ 17.photo _ 18.radio _19.hero_ 20.potato _ 21.tomato _ 22.house_ 23.mouth_jobscakesbabiesladieskeysboxesmatchesbrushesleavesknivesshelves scarvesthieveshalveszoosphotosradiosheroespotatoesto
3、matoescompanieshousesmouths/mau/ /mauz/haus/ / hauziz/1 1、一般加、一般加- -s s, ,如如:map:maps s,car,cars s 3 3、以、以s,x,sh,chs,x,sh,ch 結(jié)尾的加結(jié)尾的加-es-es; ; 如:如:dish-dishdish-disheses 2 2、以、以輔音字母加輔音字母加y y結(jié)尾的結(jié)尾的 ,先變,先變y y為為i i , ,再加再加- -eses ; ; 如:如: baby-babiesbaby-babies ,family-families 4 4、以、以f,fef,fe結(jié)尾的名詞,通常要
4、變結(jié)尾的名詞,通常要變f f 或或fefe為為v v, ,再加再加- -eses; ; 如如: : leaf-leaves, wife-wives,life-lives,thief-thieves;leaf-leaves, wife-wives,life-lives,thief-thieves;5 5、以、以o o 結(jié)尾的名詞,變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí):結(jié)尾的名詞,變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí): a.a.加加eses,如:,如:potato potato potato potatoeses,tomatotomatotomatotomatoeses, , heroheroheroheroeses b.b.加加s s,如:,如: p
5、hoto photo photo photos s,piano ,piano piano pianos s , , radio radio radio radios s,zoo ,zoo zoo zoos s; 名詞變復(fù)數(shù):一 規(guī)則變化:不規(guī)則變化: 1. man _ woman_ policeman _ Frenchman_ Englishman_ 2. foot_ tooth_ goose _ (鵝) 3.deer_ sheep_fish _ Chinese_ Japanese_ 4. child_ mouse_menwomenpolicemenchildrenfeetteethdeers
6、heepfishChineseJapaneseFrenchmenEnglishmen國(guó)家國(guó)家形容詞形容詞個(gè)人個(gè)人復(fù)數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)語(yǔ)言語(yǔ)言AmericaAmericaAmericanAmericanan Americanan AmericanAmericansAmericansEnglishEnglishAustraliaAustralia AustraliaAustralian nan Australianan AustralianAustraliansAustraliansEnglishEnglishCanadaCanadaCanadianCanadiana Canadiana CanadianCa
7、nadiansCanadiansEnglishEnglishandandFrenchFrenchRussiaRussiaRussianRussiana Russiana RussianRussiansRussiansRussianRussianGermanyGermanyGermanGermana Germana GermanGermansGermansGermanGermanEnglandEnglandEnglishEnglishananEnglishman/Englishman/EnglishwomanEnglishwomanEnglishmen/Englishmen/Englishwom
8、enEnglishwomenEnglishEnglishFranceFranceFrenchFrencha aFrenchmanFrenchman/Frenchwoman/FrenchwomanFrenchmen/FrenFrenchmen/FrenchwomenchwomenFrenchFrenchChinaChinaChineseChinesea Chinesea ChineseChineseChineseChineseChineseJapanJapanJapaneseJapanesea Japanesea JapaneseJapaneseJapaneseJapaneseJapanese三
9、 不同國(guó)家的人的單復(fù)數(shù)形式:micegeese注:German _Germans不可數(shù)名詞不可數(shù)名詞 1. 1.不可數(shù)名詞無(wú)復(fù)數(shù),不能與不可數(shù)名詞無(wú)復(fù)數(shù),不能與a(an)a(an)或數(shù)詞連用或數(shù)詞連用. .作主語(yǔ)時(shí)??醋髦髡Z(yǔ)時(shí)常看 成單數(shù)。成單數(shù)。 *Some bread is over there. *No news is good news.2.2.常用常用how much, much, a little, little, a lot of, lots of, plenty of, some, any等來(lái)修飾不可數(shù)名詞等來(lái)修飾不可數(shù)名詞 *They had much money. *He
10、does little housework at home.3.表示不可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量要用表示不可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量要用“數(shù)詞數(shù)詞+名詞名詞+of+不可數(shù)名詞不可數(shù)名詞”短語(yǔ)短語(yǔ). a piece of meat/paper/news two cups of tea/cola five kilos of waterTranslation 英漢互譯英漢互譯 兩杯果汁兩杯果汁2. 2.六袋米六袋米3. 3.三片面包三片面包4. 4.七杯茶七杯茶5. 5.三箱蘋果三箱蘋果6. 6.一些女教師一些女教師7. 7.幾個(gè)男司機(jī)幾個(gè)男司機(jī) 8. 8. 五個(gè)男學(xué)生五個(gè)男學(xué)生9. 9.很多女學(xué)生很多女學(xué)生10.10.一
11、條信息一條信息two glasses of juicesix bags of ricethree pieces of breadseven cups of teathree boxes of applessome women teachersa few men driversfive boy studentsmany girl studentsa piece of information注意:注意:1.1.有些可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞在一定情況下可相互轉(zhuǎn)化,有些可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞在一定情況下可相互轉(zhuǎn)化, 同一個(gè)詞,但意思不同同一個(gè)詞,但意思不同 glass( (玻璃玻璃) ) a glass(
12、(玻璃杯玻璃杯) ) paper( (紙紙) ) a paper( (報(bào)紙報(bào)紙) ) work( (工作工作) ) a work( (著作著作) ) room( (空間空間) ) a room( (房間房間) ) people ( (人們?nèi)藗? ) peoples( (民族民族) ) fruit( (水果水果) ) fruits ( (各種水果各種水果) ) fish( (魚魚) ) fishes( (各種魚各種魚) ) hair( (所有頭發(fā)所有頭發(fā)) ) hairs ( (幾根頭發(fā)幾根頭發(fā)) ) time( (時(shí)間時(shí)間) ) times( (時(shí)代時(shí)代) ) 2. physics, poli
13、tics(政治,政治學(xué))政治,政治學(xué))maths雖以雖以s結(jié)尾結(jié)尾, 但為單數(shù)但為單數(shù) 形式的單詞。形式的單詞。3.表示一段距離,一段時(shí)間的名詞短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。表示一段距離,一段時(shí)間的名詞短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。 Ten years is a long time. /Ten kilometers is a long distance.名詞所有格:名詞所有格:表示表示“(某人)的(某人)的”:一般在名詞后加一般在名詞后加s構(gòu)成。構(gòu)成。如:如:Jimsmother吉姆的媽媽吉姆的媽媽Myteachersdesk我老我老師的桌子師的桌子thedogsname那狗的名字那狗的名字若
14、以若以S結(jié)尾詞,則在結(jié)尾詞,則在S后加后加.如:如:theboys那些男孩的。那些男孩的。表示幾個(gè)人共同的東西,只在最后一個(gè)人后加。表示幾個(gè)人共同的東西,只在最后一個(gè)人后加。如:如:LucyandLilysmother。Lucy和和Lily的媽媽(兩人是姐妹)的媽媽(兩人是姐妹)表示幾個(gè)人都分別有的東西,則每個(gè)都加。表示幾個(gè)人都分別有的東西,則每個(gè)都加。如:如:LucysandLilysmothers.Lucy的媽媽和的媽媽和Lily的媽媽(兩人不是姐妹)的媽媽(兩人不是姐妹)一般用一般用.of.結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)表示無(wú)生命的名詞所有格:結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)表示無(wú)生命的名詞所有格:如:如:thedooroftheroo
15、m房間的門房間的門amapofChina一一張中國(guó)地圖張中國(guó)地圖thephotosofmymysister我妹妹的照片我妹妹的照片雙重所有格,雙重所有格,例:例:a friend of my fathers, a classmate of mine a friend or my father一 完成句子。1.I have a lot of _(作業(yè)) to do every day. 2. His _(褲子) are new, but mine are old.3. It is one of the best _ (照片) in my family.4. Are they building a
16、ny _ (圖書館) in the city?5. Can you cut this big pear into two _(半)? 6. At the end of _(八月), you must get ready for the new school year.7. There are many visitors in the _/mju:zim /. 8. I like _/s?m/.Because I can go swimming.9. There are many _/hauziz/ along the road.10. Doing _/ekssaiz/ is good for
17、our health. homeworktrousersphotoslibrarieshalvesAugustmuseumsummerhousesexercise1.Ten years _(be) short time for me.2.The woman with two children _( be ) coming here.4444ddjfghg2.A pair of shoes _(be) under the bed.4.The two girls are _(Japan).5.There are two _(people) and many_(sheep) in the field
18、.6.September10th is _ (teacher) Day.7.I think maths _(be) more interesting than history.8.He believed his daughter had made a good _(decide).isisisisJapanesepeoplesheepTeachersdecision代詞代詞 代詞代詞是代替是代替名詞名詞的一種詞類。英的一種詞類。英語(yǔ)中的代詞,按其意義、特征及語(yǔ)中的代詞,按其意義、特征及在句中的作用分為:在句中的作用分為:人稱代詞、人稱代詞、物主代詞、指示代詞、自身代詞、物主代詞、指示代詞、自身
19、代詞、(相互代詞、疑問(wèn)代詞、關(guān)系代詞相互代詞、疑問(wèn)代詞、關(guān)系代詞和不定代詞)八種。和不定代詞)八種。人稱代詞人稱代詞是表示是表示“我我”“”“你你”“”“他他”“”“她她”“”“它它” “我們我們” “你們你們” “他們他們”的的詞。詞。人稱代詞有人稱、數(shù)和格的變下人稱代詞有人稱、數(shù)和格的變下表:表:一、人稱代詞一、人稱代詞如:如:He is my friend.他是我的朋友。他是我的朋友。Its me.是我。是我。 物主代詞物主代詞表示所有關(guān)系的代詞,也可叫表示所有關(guān)系的代詞,也可叫做做代詞所有格。代詞所有格。 物主代詞分物主代詞分形容性物主代詞形容性物主代詞和和名詞名詞性物主代詞性物主代詞
20、二種。二種。二、二、 物主代詞物主代詞代詞用法小結(jié):主格:賓格:形容詞性物主代詞:名詞性物主代詞:反身代詞: 英語(yǔ)人稱代詞由于有格的變化,所以在句子中起不同作用。以“我”為例: You and I are the same age(主語(yǔ)) 你和我年齡一樣大。 He caught me by the arm(賓語(yǔ)) 他抓住我的手臂。 This isnt my watch(定語(yǔ)) 這不是我的表。 表示表示“我自己我自己”、“你自己你自己”、“他自己他自己”、“我們自己我們自己”、“你們自己你們自己”和和“他們自己他們自己”等的代詞,叫等的代詞,叫做做“反身代詞反身代詞”。反身代詞反身代詞如:如:
21、She was talking to herself. 她自言自語(yǔ)。她自言自語(yǔ)。 指示代詞表示指示代詞表示“那個(gè)那個(gè)”、“這個(gè)這個(gè)”、“這些這些”、“那些那些”等指示概念的代等指示概念的代詞。詞。指示代詞有指示代詞有this,that,these,those等。等。指示代詞指示代詞如:如: That is a good idea. 那是個(gè)好主意。那是個(gè)好主意。Choose the right answers.(1) Mary is _(my, I) sister.(2) _(He, Him) taught _(our, us) English.(3) I have a cat, _(its,
22、its) name is Dick.(4) Tom is a friend of _(my, mine).(5) Please help _ (you, yourselves) to some apples, children.myHeusitsmineyourselves(6) Kate lost _ ( she, her ) bike.(7) Your living room is very big, but _ ( my, mine ) is rather small.(8) Is this ruler _? (yours, your )(9) Who taught you drawing? Nobody, I learned it by _ ( my, myself ).herherminemineyoursyoursmyselfmyself