Section AGrammar FocusTranslate the phrases. search for no matter be made in in the local shops a toy car American brands a pair of basketball shoes avoid doing sth. in fact搜尋；搜尋； 尋找尋找不論；無論不論；無論在在 . 生產(chǎn)或制造生產(chǎn)或制造在當(dāng)?shù)氐纳痰昀镌诋?dāng)?shù)氐纳痰昀镆惠v玩具車一輛玩具車美國品牌美國品牌一雙籃球鞋一雙籃球鞋避免做某事避免做某事其實；其實； 事實上事實上Is it made of silver?It was made in Thailand.What is the model plane made of?Where is tea produced in China?How is it grown?It is planted on the side of mountains.They are picked by hand and then are sent for processing.Read the sentences below, paying attention to the underlined parts.1. 你的襯衫是棉制的嗎？你的襯衫是棉制的嗎？ _ your shirts _ _ cotton?2. 是的是的, 而且它們產(chǎn)于美國。而且它們產(chǎn)于美國。 Yes, they are. And they were _ _ the US. made inAre made of3. 飛機(jī)模型是由什么制成？飛機(jī)模型是由什么制成？ _ the model plane _ of?4. 它是由舊木頭和玻璃制成。它是由舊木頭和玻璃制成。 Its made of _ _ and _.5. 茶產(chǎn)自中國哪里？茶產(chǎn)自中國哪里？ _ _ tea _ in China? 6. 茶產(chǎn)自很多不同的地區(qū)。茶產(chǎn)自很多不同的地區(qū)。 Its produced in many _ _.Whats madeWhere is produced different areasused wood glass7. 茶是如何制成的？茶是如何制成的？ _ is tea _?8. 茶樹種植在山坡上。當(dāng)茶葉長成后茶樹種植在山坡上。當(dāng)茶葉長成后, 它們被它們被手工采摘下來，然后送去加工。手工采摘下來，然后送去加工。 Tea plants _ _ on the sides of the mountains. When the leaves are ready, they _ _ by hand and then _ _ for processing. How produced are grownare pickedare sent9. 在杭州人們種植茶葉。在杭州人們種植茶葉。 People _ _ in Hangzhou. Tea _ _ (by people) in Hangzhou.grow teais grown被動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)定義：語態(tài)是動詞的一種形式，用于表定義：語態(tài)是動詞的一種形式，用于表明主語與謂語之間的關(guān)系。明主語與謂語之間的關(guān)系。主動語態(tài)：表示主語是動作的執(zhí)行者主動語態(tài)：表示主語是動作的執(zhí)行者被動語態(tài)：表示主語是動作的承受者被動語態(tài)：表示主語是動作的承受者e.g. Many people speak English. （主動語態(tài)（主動語態(tài), 句子的主語句子的主語many people是是 動作動作speak的執(zhí)行者）的執(zhí)行者） English is spoken by many people. （被動語態(tài)（被動語態(tài), 句子的主語句子的主語English是動作是動作 speak的承受者）的承受者）被動語態(tài)的使用被動語態(tài)的使用1. 強(qiáng)調(diào)動作的承受者時：強(qiáng)調(diào)動作的承受者時： e.g. The baby is looked after by her mother. 這嬰兒是由她媽媽照顧的。這嬰兒是由她媽媽照顧的。2. 不知誰是動作的執(zhí)行者，或沒有必要指不知誰是動作的執(zhí)行者，或沒有必要指 出誰是動作的執(zhí)行者時：出誰是動作的執(zhí)行者時： e.g. This kind of car is made in Shanghai. 這種汽車在上海生產(chǎn)。這種汽車在上海生產(chǎn)。被動語態(tài)的基本結(jié)構(gòu)被動語態(tài)的基本結(jié)構(gòu)be + 及物動詞的過去分詞及物動詞的過去分詞be有各種時態(tài)的變化，并有人稱和數(shù)的變化。有各種時態(tài)的變化，并有人稱和數(shù)的變化。Nowadays Chinese _ by more and more people all over the world. A. is spoken B. was spoken C. speaksMany people speak English. 主動句與被動句之間的轉(zhuǎn)換主動句與被動句之間的轉(zhuǎn)換English is spoken by many people.主語主語 謂語動詞主動語態(tài)的過去式謂語動詞主動語態(tài)的過去式 賓語賓語主語主語 謂語動詞被動語態(tài)的過去分詞謂語動詞被動語態(tài)的過去分詞 介詞介詞+ 賓語賓語解題步驟解題步驟1. 找賓語找賓語動作的承受者；動作的承受者；2. 判斷賓語單復(fù)數(shù)判斷賓語單復(fù)數(shù)be動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)；動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)；3. 判斷動詞時態(tài)判斷動詞時態(tài)be動詞的時態(tài)；動詞的時態(tài)；4. 修改謂語時態(tài)修改謂語時態(tài)原句動詞改為過去分詞；原句動詞改為過去分詞；5. 修改原句主語修改原句主語即即by+主語主語/賓語。賓語。 e.g. They make shoes in that factory. Shoes are made by them in that factory.一般現(xiàn)在時被動語態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時被動語態(tài)1. 肯定句肯定句結(jié)構(gòu)：主語結(jié)構(gòu)：主語+ am/is /are+及物動詞的過及物動詞的過 去分詞去分詞(+by+動作的執(zhí)行者動作的執(zhí)行者)。e.g. 我們房子的窗戶一星期擦一次。我們房子的窗戶一星期擦一次。 The windows of our house are cleaned once a week. 2. 否定句：否定句：結(jié)構(gòu)：主語結(jié)構(gòu)：主語+ is/am/are not+及物動詞的過去及物動詞的過去分詞分詞+其他。其他。e.g. 我們房子的窗戶并不是一星期擦我們房子的窗戶并不是一星期擦 一次。一次。 The windows of our house arent cleaned once a week3. 一般疑問句：一般疑問句：結(jié)構(gòu)：結(jié)構(gòu)：is, am, are+主語主語 +及物動詞的過去分及物動詞的過去分詞詞+其他其他?e.g. 我們房子的窗戶一星期擦一次嗎？我們房子的窗戶一星期擦一次嗎？ Are the windows of our house cleaned once a week?4. Most of the earths surface _ (cover) by water.5. The classroom _ (clean) by the students every day.1. Children under 18 _ (not allowed) to watch this show without their parents.2. We _ (pay) by the boss on the last Friday of each month.3. A: What language _ (speak) in Germany? B: Most people speak German, but many can speak English, too.are not allowedare paid4a Complete the sentences with the correct forms of the verbs in brackets.is spoken is covered is cleaned4) Which language _ the most widely _ (speak) in the world?5) The students _ often _ (tell) to take care of their desks and chairs.6) Vegetables, eggs and fruits _ (sell) in this shop.1) Sunglasses _ (use) for protecting peoples eyes. 2) A picture _ (put) up on the blackboard. 3) French _ (speak) in France. are usedis putis spoken用所給動詞的正確形式填空。用所給動詞的正確形式填空。isspokenaretold are sold4bRewrite the sentences using the passive voice.1. Farmers plant the tea on the sides of mountains. _ _The tea is planted on the sides of mountains by farmers.點撥：將主動語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，點撥：將主動語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，應(yīng)先確定句應(yīng)先確定句子的謂語動詞，并找出句子的賓語子的謂語動詞，并找出句子的賓語。然后，將句。然后，將句子的賓語變成被動句的主語，將謂語動詞變成子的賓語變成被動句的主語，將謂語動詞變成be + v.-ed形式。形式。2. This shop uses the best materials to make dresses. _ _1) 主動句的謂語動詞為主動句的謂語動詞為use, 賓語是賓語是the best materials。2) 將將the best materials作被動句的主語作被動句的主語, 謂語動詞改為謂語動詞改為are used的形式。的形式。The best materials are used by this shop to make dresses. n. 材料材料; 原料原料3. Careless driving causes many traffic accidents. _ _4. The postman brings letters and postcards to peoples home. _ _ Letters and postcards are brought to peoples home by the postman. Many traffic accidents are caused by careless driving. n. 交通交通; 路上行駛的車輛路上行駛的車輛n. 郵遞員郵遞員5. Our family does not use this silver plate very often. _ _ This silver plate isnt used very often by our family. A: Whats your pencil made of?B: Its made of wood.A: Where was it made?B: It was made in Shanghai.A: Whats your made of?B: Its made of A: Where was it made?B: It was made in jacketsweaterT-shirtshoescapglovesring People play football all over the world.2. The old man on TV tells a story on Sunday.3. Students listen to the kind teacher carefully. Football is played all over the world by people.A story is told by the old man on TV on Sunday.The kind teacher is listened to by students carefully. 把下列的主動句變?yōu)楸粍泳?。把下列的主動句變?yōu)楸粍泳洹１粍诱Z態(tài)的幾種句型被動語態(tài)的幾種句型1. 肯定句肯定句 主語主語 + be + 過去分詞過去分詞 + (by)A sweet song is sung by her on the stage.2. 否定句否定句 主語主語 + be + not +過去分詞過去分詞 + (by)3. 一般疑問句一般疑問句 Be + 主語主語 +過去分詞過去分詞 + (by)? A sweet song isnt sung by her on the stage.Is a sweet song sung by her on the stage?4. 特殊疑問句特殊疑問句 疑問詞疑問詞 + be + 主語主語 +過去分詞過去分詞 + (by)?Where is a sweet song sung by her? Do you water your flowers every day?(變變?yōu)楸粍泳錇楸粍泳? Trees and flowers are planted every year to make our country more beautiful. (變?yōu)橐勺優(yōu)橐蓡柧鋯柧?Are your flowers watered by you every day?Are trees and flowers planted every year to make our country more beautiful？按要求改寫下列句子。按要求改寫下列句子。3. This English song is sung by the girls after class. 改為否定句改為否定句改為一般疑問句，并做肯定和否定回答改為一般疑問句，并做肯定和否定回答對劃線部分提問對劃線部分提問This English song is not sung by the girls after class.Is this English song sung by the girls after class?Yes, it is. / No, it isnt.When is this English song sung by the girls?被動語態(tài)的運用被動語態(tài)的運用:（1） 不知道誰是動作的執(zhí)行者或沒不知道誰是動作的執(zhí)行者或沒 有必要知道誰是動作的執(zhí)行者時。有必要知道誰是動作的執(zhí)行者時。The house is quite old. It was built in 1950. 這座房子太舊了，它是這座房子太舊了，它是1950年建的。年建的。When will the road be opened to traffic? 這條路什么時候通車這條路什么時候通車?（2） 需要強(qiáng)調(diào)動作的對象即賓語時。需要強(qiáng)調(diào)動作的對象即賓語時。 Calculator cant be used in the math exam. 計算器不能用于數(shù)學(xué)考試。計算器不能用于數(shù)學(xué)考試。 He was awarded first prize in that contest. 他在比賽中得了第一。他在比賽中得了第一。 有時為了禮貌等原因不愿說出行為者有時為了禮貌等原因不愿說出行為者,這時也常用被動語態(tài)。這時也常用被動語態(tài)。The construction of the new lab must be completed by the end of next month. 新實驗室必須在下個月底前完工。新實驗室必須在下個月底前完工。You are requested to give a performance. 請你給我們表演一個節(jié)目。請你給我們表演一個節(jié)目。（3） 主動語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)的注意事項：主動語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)的注意事項： 含有雙賓語，即直接賓語含有雙賓語，即直接賓語(常指事物常指事物)和間接和間接賓語賓語(常指人常指人)的句子，每個賓語都可變?yōu)楸坏木渥?，每個賓語都可變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)的主語，即其被動語態(tài)有兩種形式，動語態(tài)的主語，即其被動語態(tài)有兩種形式，但多以間接賓語作主語。但多以間接賓語作主語。 Jack tells us the truth. We are told the truth by Jack. The truth is told (to) us by Jack. He gives me the football. (改成被動語態(tài)改成被動語態(tài))I _ _ the football by him.The football _ _ _ me by him.amgivenisgivento 動詞的主動形式表示被動之意動詞的主動形式表示被動之意 1). 系動詞無被動語態(tài)：以主動形式表示被動系動詞無被動語態(tài)：以主動形式表示被動之意。常見的系動詞有：之意。常見的系動詞有： be動詞動詞, look, seem, appear, feel, sound, smell, taste等等 It smells terrible. 2).下列動詞下列動詞(詞組詞組)沒有被動式：沒有被動式： happen, take place, break out, belong to, cost, take An accident happened yesterday. 注注 意意3). 不及物動詞不及物動詞sell, wash, read, write, open, close, shut, lock, wear等，常用主動形式表示等，常用主動形式表示被動意義。被動意義。 This book sells well. 這本書暢銷。這本書暢銷。 The kind of cloth washes well. 這種布很容易洗。這種布很容易洗。 4). 在英語口語中，有時可用在英語口語中，有時可用“get+過去分過去分詞詞”構(gòu)成被動語態(tài)。如：構(gòu)成被動語態(tài)。如： I got dressed as quickly as l could. 我盡快穿上衣服。我盡快穿上衣服。這樣結(jié)構(gòu)比較常見的搭配有：這樣結(jié)構(gòu)比較常見的搭配有：get arrested, get caught, get dressed, get drowned, get drunk, get lost, get married等。等。