單單詞詞名名詞詞與農(nóng)業(yè)有關(guān)：與農(nóng)業(yè)有關(guān)：output, crop, grain, production, bacteria (bacterium的復(fù)數(shù)形式的復(fù)數(shù)形式), pest, mineral, soil, root, nutrition其它：其它：freedom, nationality, decade, occupation, comment, statistic(s), summary, Vietnam, battle, discovery, hunger, summary單單詞詞動(dòng)動(dòng)詞詞underline, focus, export, circulate, expand, equip, struggle, skim, regret, rid, reduce, confuse形形容容詞詞sunburnt, super, disturbing, chemical副副詞詞therefore短短語(yǔ)語(yǔ)詞詞匯匯表表thanks to, rid . of, be satisfied with, would rather, build up, lead to, focus on, keep . free from / of課課文文中中care about, cause damage to ., wash . off, be rich in句句式式主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)+ be +倍數(shù)倍數(shù)+ as +形容詞原級(jí)形容詞原級(jí)+ as .e.g. Each ear of rice was as big as an ear of corn and each grain of rice was as huge as a peanut.語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法法動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞-ing作主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)(一一) 基本單詞基本單詞1. _ vi. & n. 斗爭(zhēng)斗爭(zhēng); 拼搏拼搏; 努力努力2. _ n. 十年十年; 十年期十年期3. _ adj. 特級(jí)的；超級(jí)的特級(jí)的；超級(jí)的4. _ n. 產(chǎn)量；輸出產(chǎn)量；輸出5. _ n. 莊稼；農(nóng)作物；產(chǎn)量莊稼；農(nóng)作物；產(chǎn)量6. _ adj. 引起煩惱的；引起煩惱的； 令人不安的令人不安的struggledecadesuperoutputcropdisturbing7. _ vt.& vi. 使變大使變大; 伸展伸展8. _ vt.& vi. 循環(huán)循環(huán); 流傳流傳9. _ n. 戰(zhàn)役；戰(zhàn)斗；較量戰(zhàn)役；戰(zhàn)斗；較量 vt. & vi. 搏斗；奮斗搏斗；奮斗10. _ n. 自由；自主自由；自主11. _ adv. 因此因此; 所以所以; 因而因而12. _ n. 谷物；糧食；顆粒谷物；糧食；顆粒13. _ n. 國(guó)籍國(guó)籍expandcirculatethereforenationalitybattlefreedomgrain14. _ n. 工作工作; 職業(yè)職業(yè); 占領(lǐng)占領(lǐng)15. _ vt. 遺憾遺憾; 惋惜惋惜 n. 遺憾遺憾; 懊悔懊悔16. _ n. 生產(chǎn)；制造生產(chǎn)；制造17. _ n. 細(xì)菌細(xì)菌(bacterium的復(fù)數(shù)的復(fù)數(shù))18. _ n. 害蟲害蟲19. _ n. 營(yíng)養(yǎng)；滋養(yǎng)；食物營(yíng)養(yǎng)；滋養(yǎng)；食物20. _ n. 礦物；礦石礦物；礦石regretbacteriapestnutritionoccupationproductionmineral21. _ n. 土壤土壤 22. _ n. 焦點(diǎn)焦點(diǎn); 中心點(diǎn)中心點(diǎn) vt. 集中集中; 聚焦聚焦23. _ vt. 減少減少; 減縮減縮24. _ n. 根；根源根；根源25. _ vt. 瀏覽；略讀瀏覽；略讀26. _ vt. 畫底線標(biāo)出；強(qiáng)調(diào)畫底線標(biāo)出；強(qiáng)調(diào)27. _ n. 評(píng)論評(píng)論; 議論議論 vi.& vt. 表達(dá)意見(jiàn)表達(dá)意見(jiàn); 作出評(píng)論作出評(píng)論focusreducecommentsoilrootskimunderline(二二) 派生單詞派生單詞28. _ n. 饑餓饑餓;欲望欲望 vt. & vi. (使使)饑餓饑餓 _ adj. 饑餓的饑餓的; 渴望得到的渴望得到的29. _ vt. & vi. 配備配備; 裝備裝備 _ (不可數(shù)不可數(shù)) n. 設(shè)備設(shè)備30. _ vt. & vi. 輸出輸出; 出口出口 _ (反義詞反義詞) vt. & vi. 輸入輸入; 進(jìn)口進(jìn)口hungerhungryequipequipmentexportimport31. _ n. 發(fā)現(xiàn)；發(fā)覺(jué)發(fā)現(xiàn)；發(fā)覺(jué) _ v. 發(fā)現(xiàn)發(fā)現(xiàn)32. _ vt. 使迷惑使迷惑; 使為難使為難 _ adj. 令人迷惑的令人迷惑的 _ adj. 感到迷惑的感到迷惑的 _ n. 迷惑迷惑33. _ n. 總結(jié)總結(jié); 摘要摘要; 概要概要 _ vt. 總結(jié)總結(jié)confuseconfusingconfusedconfusionsummarysummarizediscoverydiscover1. 幸虧，由于，因?yàn)樾姨潱捎冢驗(yàn)?_2. 擺脫，除去擺脫，除去 _3. 對(duì)對(duì)感到滿意感到滿意 _4. 寧愿，寧可寧愿，寧可 _thanks torid ofbe satisfied withwould rather(三三) 短語(yǔ)短語(yǔ)5. 逐漸增強(qiáng)逐漸增強(qiáng); 建立建立; 開發(fā)開發(fā) _6. 導(dǎo)致導(dǎo)致; 造成造成 (后果后果) _7. 集中集中(注意力注意力/精力等精力等) _8. 使使免受免受(影響影響;傷害等傷害等); 使使不含不含 (有有害物害物) _build uplead tofocus onkeep.free from/of1. Have you ever grown any plants? If so, what did you do to grow them? If not, what kind of plant would you like to try growing? if so與與if not都是條件狀語(yǔ)從句的縮略形都是條件狀語(yǔ)從句的縮略形式式, 分別表示肯定和否定。分別表示肯定和否定。(四四) 句式句式2. Dr.Yuan Longping grows what is called super hybrid rice.what引導(dǎo)名詞性從句引導(dǎo)名詞性從句3. In 1974, he became the first agricultural pioneer in the world to grow rice that has a high output. the firstn.to do. 意為意為“第一個(gè)要第一個(gè)要做做的的”4. Using his hybrid rice, farmers are producing harvests twice as large as before. 倍數(shù)表達(dá)法：倍數(shù)表達(dá)法： Abe倍數(shù)倍數(shù)asadj.asB Abe倍數(shù)比較級(jí)倍數(shù)比較級(jí)thanB Abe倍數(shù)倍數(shù)（由某些形容詞變化而來(lái)（由某些形容詞變化而來(lái)的）的）n.ofB5. Recently, however, scientists have been finding that long term use of these fertilizers can cause damage to the land and, even more dangerous, to peoples health. 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)1. struggle vt.& vi.& n. 斗爭(zhēng)斗爭(zhēng); 拼搏拼搏; 努力努力; 掙扎掙扎課文原句課文原句 Indeed, his sunburned face and arms and his slim and strong body are just like those of millions of Chinese farmers, for whom he has struggled for the past five decades. 的確，他那被太陽(yáng)曬的黝黑的臉龐和手臂，以的確，他那被太陽(yáng)曬的黝黑的臉龐和手臂，以及他那瘦削而又結(jié)實(shí)的身體，就跟其他千百萬(wàn)及他那瘦削而又結(jié)實(shí)的身體，就跟其他千百萬(wàn)的中國(guó)農(nóng)民一樣，過(guò)去五十年來(lái)，他一直努力的中國(guó)農(nóng)民一樣，過(guò)去五十年來(lái)，他一直努力幫助他們。幫助他們。一、單詞一、單詞【歸納【歸納】struggle to do sth. 艱難地做某事艱難地做某事, 掙扎著做某事掙扎著做某事struggle for 為為而斗爭(zhēng)而斗爭(zhēng)struggle to ones feet 掙扎著站起來(lái)掙扎著站起來(lái)struggle with (against) 與與作斗爭(zhēng)作斗爭(zhēng), 同同搏斗搏斗struggle to ones feet 掙扎著站起來(lái)掙扎著站起來(lái)struggle指指較長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的、激烈的斗爭(zhēng)較長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的、激烈的斗爭(zhēng)，往，往往指往指肉體及精神上的戰(zhàn)斗肉體及精神上的戰(zhàn)斗。fight意為意為“搏斗，打斗，打架搏斗，打斗，打架”，表示，表示“斗爭(zhēng)斗爭(zhēng)”時(shí)，時(shí)，包含體力和勇猛的因素包含體力和勇猛的因素。struggle fight用適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~填空用適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~填空。1. Fish struggle _ survival when the water level drops in the lake.2. For years he has been struggling _ cancer.3. He struggled _ his attacker who then ran off.for with / against with2. expand vt. 使變大使變大; 使增強(qiáng)使增強(qiáng); 闡述闡述 vi. 擴(kuò)大擴(kuò)大; 增加增加; 增強(qiáng)增強(qiáng) 課文原句課文原句 Dr Yuan searched for a way to increase rice harvests without expanding the area of the field. 袁博士袁博士(開始開始)在不增加農(nóng)田面積的基礎(chǔ)上在不增加農(nóng)田面積的基礎(chǔ)上尋求水稻增產(chǎn)的途徑。尋求水稻增產(chǎn)的途徑。 【歸納【歸納】 expand.into 把把擴(kuò)展擴(kuò)展(發(fā)展發(fā)展, 膨脹膨脹)成成 expand on/upon 闡述闡述; 詳談詳談【拓展【拓展】 expansion n. 展開；膨脹；擴(kuò)展展開；膨脹；擴(kuò)展 expansive adj. 廣闊的；易膨脹的廣闊的；易膨脹的expand展開展開, 擴(kuò)大擴(kuò)大, 不僅指不僅指尺寸的增加尺寸的增加, 還可還可指指范圍和體積的擴(kuò)大范圍和體積的擴(kuò)大。extend伸出伸出, 延伸延伸, 指指空間范圍的擴(kuò)大空間范圍的擴(kuò)大, 以及以及長(zhǎng)度、寬度的向外延伸長(zhǎng)度、寬度的向外延伸, 也可指也可指時(shí)間的延長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的延長(zhǎng)。spread伸開伸開, 傳播傳播, 一般一般指向四面八方擴(kuò)大傳指向四面八方擴(kuò)大傳播的范圍播的范圍, 如如傳播傳播(疾病疾病)、散布、散布(信息信息)等。等。stretch伸展伸展, 拉長(zhǎng)拉長(zhǎng), 一般一般指由曲變直、由短變指由曲變直、由短變長(zhǎng)的伸展長(zhǎng)的伸展, 不是加長(zhǎng)不是加長(zhǎng)。expand extend spread stretch用用expand/extend/spread/stretch的適當(dāng)形式填的適當(dāng)形式填空?？?。(1) The hot weather _ to October.(2) Water _ when it freezes.(3) He _ his body full.(4) The fire soon _ to the nearby building.extendedexpandsstretchesspread3. equip vt.& vi. 裝備裝備; 配備配備 課文原句課文原句 He therefore gives millions of yuan to equip others for their research in agriculture. 于是他拿出幾百萬(wàn)元幫助其他人進(jìn)行農(nóng)業(yè)于是他拿出幾百萬(wàn)元幫助其他人進(jìn)行農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)研究?？茖W(xué)研究?！練w納【歸納】 equip.with. 用用裝備裝備 be equipped with 裝備著裝備著 equip.for sth./to do sth. 為了為了而裝備而裝備 well/poorly equipped 設(shè)備精良的設(shè)備精良的/較差的較差的【拓展【拓展】 equipment n. 裝備裝備; 設(shè)備設(shè)備(不可數(shù)名詞不可數(shù)名詞) a piece of equipment 一件設(shè)備一件設(shè)備根據(jù)中英文提示完成下列句子根據(jù)中英文提示完成下列句子。1. 許多公司已在他們的出租車上安裝了全球許多公司已在他們的出租車上安裝了全球定位系統(tǒng)。定位系統(tǒng)。 Many companies _ _ GPS.2. 你的訓(xùn)練使你能夠勝任將來(lái)的工作。你的訓(xùn)練使你能夠勝任將來(lái)的工作。 Your training will _ your future job.have equipped theirequip you for taxies with 4. therefore adv. 因此；所以；因而因此；所以；因而 課文原句課文原句 He therefore gives millions of yuan to equip others for their research in agriculture. 于是他拿出幾百萬(wàn)元幫助其他人進(jìn)行農(nóng)業(yè)于是他拿出幾百萬(wàn)元幫助其他人進(jìn)行農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)研究?？茖W(xué)研究。therefore so thustherefore副詞。和上句連接時(shí)常用副詞。和上句連接時(shí)常用and therefore形式，形式，and前加一逗號(hào)；如前加一逗號(hào)；如沒(méi)有沒(méi)有and，則上句尾用分號(hào)，則上句尾用分號(hào)(;)。so連詞。前一句尾常用逗號(hào)隔開，連詞。前一句尾常用逗號(hào)隔開，so不不能與能與because連用。連用。thus副詞。常與副詞。常與and連用，呈現(xiàn)連用，呈現(xiàn)and thus+從句形式，有時(shí)也會(huì)有從句形式，有時(shí)也會(huì)有，thus doing形式，強(qiáng)調(diào)引起一個(gè)直接的結(jié)形式，強(qiáng)調(diào)引起一個(gè)直接的結(jié)果。果。用用therefore，so，thus填空。填空。 She was caught cheating in the exam and _ she was punished by her teacher. She coughed badly, _ she went to see a doctor. The tram stopped suddenly, _ causing the delay.thereforesothus5. confuse vt. 使迷惑；使為難；使迷惑；使為難； 使混亂；混淆使混亂；混淆 課文原句課文原句 It is important to explain this again or we will confuse the students. 把這個(gè)再解釋一次很重要，否則我們會(huì)使把這個(gè)再解釋一次很重要，否則我們會(huì)使學(xué)生糊涂。學(xué)生糊涂。 【歸納【歸納】 confuse.and/with. 把把和和混淆混淆【拓展【拓展】 confusion n. 混亂混亂; 迷惑迷惑 confused adj. 困惑的困惑的; 煩惱的煩惱的 confusing adj. 令人費(fèi)解的令人費(fèi)解的;使人困惑的使人困惑的 in confusion 處于混亂狀態(tài)處于混亂狀態(tài) be confused about 被被搞糊涂搞糊涂; 對(duì)對(duì)迷惑不解迷惑不解用用confuse的適當(dāng)形式填空的適當(dāng)形式填空。1. Some of the questions he asked were very _.2. In _ I lost my bag and wasnt able to find it.3. Im totally _. Could you explain that again? 4. Its easy to _ them because theyre so alike.confusing confusionconfused confuse6. regret vt. 遺憾遺憾; 惋惜惋惜 n. 遺憾遺憾;懊悔懊悔 【歸納【歸納】 regret to do sth. 遺憾地去做某事遺憾地去做某事 regret doing sth. 后悔做過(guò)某事后悔做過(guò)某事 regret not to have done sth. 后悔沒(méi)做過(guò)某事后悔沒(méi)做過(guò)某事 regret that 從句從句 遺憾遺憾 with great/deep regret 很遺憾很遺憾 to ones regret 讓某人感到遺憾的是讓某人感到遺憾的是【拓展【拓展】 regretful adj. 懊悔的，遺憾的，惆悵的懊悔的，遺憾的，惆悵的 regrettable adj. 令人遺憾的，使人痛惜令人遺憾的，使人痛惜 的，可悲的，不幸的的，可悲的，不幸的將下列句子翻譯成英語(yǔ)將下列句子翻譯成英語(yǔ)。1. 我很遺憾地告訴你，我不能幫助你。我很遺憾地告訴你，我不能幫助你。I regret to tell you that I can not lend you a hand.2. 他說(shuō)他很后悔把事件的真相告訴了他母他說(shuō)他很后悔把事件的真相告訴了他母親。親。3. 令他們感到非常遺憾的是，足球賽的票令他們感到非常遺憾的是，足球賽的票已經(jīng)賣光了。已經(jīng)賣光了。He said he regretted telling / having told / that he had told the truth of the matter to his mother.Much to their regret / To their great regret, the tickets for the football game were sold out. 7. focus n. 焦點(diǎn)焦點(diǎn); 中心點(diǎn)中心點(diǎn) v. 集中集中; 聚集聚集 課文原句課文原句 They focus on keeping their soil rich and free of disease. 他們主要是想保持土壤肥沃且免受病害。他們主要是想保持土壤肥沃且免受病害。 【歸納【歸納】 focus on / upon 集中集中(注意力、精力等注意力、精力等)于于 focus ones attention/mind/energy on 集中注意力集中注意力/心思心思/精力于精力于the focus of attention 關(guān)注的焦點(diǎn)關(guān)注的焦點(diǎn)bring.into focus 使使成為焦點(diǎn)成為焦點(diǎn)in focus 對(duì)準(zhǔn)焦點(diǎn)對(duì)準(zhǔn)焦點(diǎn); 清晰清晰out of focus 沒(méi)有對(duì)準(zhǔn)焦點(diǎn)沒(méi)有對(duì)準(zhǔn)焦點(diǎn); 不清晰不清晰根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)意思補(bǔ)全下列句子根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)意思補(bǔ)全下列句子。1. 你必須努力把思想集中在工作和學(xué)習(xí)上。你必須努力把思想集中在工作和學(xué)習(xí)上。 You must try to _ work and study. 2. 這次討論的焦點(diǎn)是女性在廣告中的角色。這次討論的焦點(diǎn)是女性在廣告中的角色。 _ was the roles of women in advertising.focus your mind onThe main focus of the discussion8. reduce v. 減少減少; 減縮減縮 課文原句課文原句 A healthy soil reduces disease and helps crops grow strong and healthy. 肥沃的土壤減少了病蟲害并且有助于農(nóng)作肥沃的土壤減少了病蟲害并且有助于農(nóng)作物的茁壯成長(zhǎng)。物的茁壯成長(zhǎng)。 【歸納【歸納】 reduce sth. to. 減少到減少到 reduce sth. by. 減少了減少了 be reduced to 淪落為淪落為; 陷入某種狀態(tài)陷入某種狀態(tài); 被降職到被降職到 reduce to silence使安靜下來(lái)使安靜下來(lái) reduce to order 使恢復(fù)秩序；整理好使恢復(fù)秩序；整理好【拓展【拓展】 increase v. 增加增加根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示完成句子根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示完成句子。1. 這里的人口現(xiàn)在已減少到這里的人口現(xiàn)在已減少到5萬(wàn)。萬(wàn)。 The population here has _ fifty thousand now. 2. 聽(tīng)到這個(gè)壞消息，全班都安靜了下來(lái)。聽(tīng)到這個(gè)壞消息，全班都安靜了下來(lái)。 Hearing the bad news, the class was _. 3. 據(jù)報(bào)道，那個(gè)地區(qū)的米價(jià)下降了據(jù)報(bào)道，那個(gè)地區(qū)的米價(jià)下降了5%。 It is reported that the price of the rice in that area _ 5%.been reduced to reduced to silencewas reduced by9. comment vi. &vt. 表達(dá)意見(jiàn)；作出評(píng)論表達(dá)意見(jiàn)；作出評(píng)論 n. 評(píng)論；議論評(píng)論；議論 課文原句課文原句 Swap summaries with your partner and give each other comments. 【歸納【歸納】 comment on/about sth. / sb. 對(duì)某事對(duì)某事/某人進(jìn)行評(píng)論某人進(jìn)行評(píng)論 make comments/no comment on sth./sb. 對(duì)某事對(duì)某事/某人進(jìn)行評(píng)論某人進(jìn)行評(píng)論/不進(jìn)行評(píng)論不進(jìn)行評(píng)論翻譯下列句子翻譯下列句子。1. She made helpful comments on my work. 2. I dont feel I can comment on their decision.她對(duì)我的工作提出了有益的評(píng)論。她對(duì)我的工作提出了有益的評(píng)論。我覺(jué)得我無(wú)法對(duì)他們的決定作出評(píng)論。我覺(jué)得我無(wú)法對(duì)他們的決定作出評(píng)論。 1. thanks to 由于；多虧（有時(shí)用作由于；多虧（有時(shí)用作 反語(yǔ)）反語(yǔ)）; 因?yàn)橐驗(yàn)?課文原句課文原句 Thanks to his research, the UN has more tools in the battle to rid the world of hunger. 多虧他的研究，聯(lián)合國(guó)在消除世界饑餓的多虧他的研究，聯(lián)合國(guó)在消除世界饑餓的戰(zhàn)斗中又多了些方法。戰(zhàn)斗中又多了些方法。二、短語(yǔ)二、短語(yǔ)方法規(guī)律方法規(guī)律 owing to和和thanks to的的賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)所表達(dá)的內(nèi)容往往所表達(dá)的內(nèi)容往往是是正面的、積極的正面的、積極的東西。東西。due to、because of和和as a result of的的賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)則為則為中性中性的內(nèi)容。在表達(dá)負(fù)面、消極的內(nèi)容時(shí)多的內(nèi)容。在表達(dá)負(fù)面、消極的內(nèi)容時(shí)多用用as a result of和和due to。 【拓展【拓展】 表示表示“因?yàn)?，由于因?yàn)?，由于”的短語(yǔ)還有：的短語(yǔ)還有： because of, owing to, on account of, due to, as a result of, result from【溫馨提示溫馨提示】以上這些都是以上這些都是介詞短語(yǔ)介詞短語(yǔ)，因此后面可以，因此后面可以跟名跟名詞或動(dòng)名詞而不可以跟從句詞或動(dòng)名詞而不可以跟從句。根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示，用根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示，用thanks to完成下列句子完成下列句子。1. It was all a great success _ (由于盡心竭由于盡心竭力力).2. _ (多虧了你的幫助多虧了你的幫助), we arrived there safely.thanks to a lot of hard workThanks to your help2. rid.of 擺脫擺脫; 除去除去 課文原句課文原句 Thanks to his research, the UN has more tools in the battle to rid the world of hunger. 【拓展【拓展】 rid oneself of debts 還清債務(wù)還清債務(wù) rid sb. of ones doubt 消除某人的疑慮消除某人的疑慮 rid oneself of a bad habit 改掉改掉不良習(xí)慣不良習(xí)慣 get rid of 擺脫擺脫; 除去除去 be rid of 擺脫擺脫; 去掉去掉3. be satisfied with 對(duì)對(duì)表示滿足或滿意表示滿足或滿意 課文原句課文原句 Dr Yuan is quite satisfied with his life. 袁隆平對(duì)生活非常滿足。袁隆平對(duì)生活非常滿足。 【拓展【拓展】 be happy with 對(duì)對(duì).滿意滿意 be content with 對(duì)對(duì).滿意滿意 be satisfied to do sth. 對(duì)做對(duì)做.感到滿意感到滿意 to ones satisfaction= to the satisfaction of sb. 使某人滿意的是使某人滿意的是4. would rather 寧愿，寧可其后接動(dòng)詞原形寧愿，寧可其后接動(dòng)詞原形 課文原句課文原句 He would much rather keep time for his hobbies. 他寧愿把時(shí)間花在自己的業(yè)余愛(ài)好上。他寧愿把時(shí)間花在自己的業(yè)余愛(ài)好上。 【拓展【拓展】 would rather.than. 常用句式，意為常用句式，意為“寧寧可（愿）可（愿）（而）不要（愿）（而）不要（愿）” would rather從句從句，從句要用，從句要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣虛擬語(yǔ)氣，用動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去時(shí)表示。用動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去時(shí)表示。 would rather have done 本想做本想做（而實(shí)際上未做）（而實(shí)際上未做） 每個(gè)句子都有一處錯(cuò)誤，請(qǐng)找出并改正。每個(gè)句子都有一處錯(cuò)誤，請(qǐng)找出并改正。 1. This Sunday I would rather staying at home than go to the park. _2. He would rather dont go with me. _3. Id rather had the small apple. _staying staydont nothad have5. build up 逐漸增加，變得嚴(yán)重起來(lái)，逐漸增加，變得嚴(yán)重起來(lái)， (車輛車輛)擁擠起來(lái)；積累，擁擠起來(lái)；積累， 積聚；加強(qiáng)積聚；加強(qiáng)(力量力量)， 增強(qiáng)增強(qiáng)(體質(zhì)體質(zhì))；建立，開發(fā)；建立，開發(fā) 課文原句課文原句 These chemicals in the food supply build up in peoples bodies over time. 隨著時(shí)間的推移，食物中的這些化學(xué)成分隨著時(shí)間的推移，食物中的這些化學(xué)成分會(huì)在人體中堆積。會(huì)在人體中堆積?！練w納【歸納】 build sb. / oneself up build up ones body / strength / health 增強(qiáng)某人的體質(zhì)，使某人更加強(qiáng)壯。增強(qiáng)某人的體質(zhì)，使某人更加強(qiáng)壯。翻譯句子。翻譯句子。1. Hard working conditions build up character.2. Im very glad to see that your vocabulary is gradually building up.3. We are building up a good business.艱苦的工作條件能磨練人的性格。艱苦的工作條件能磨練人的性格。看到你的詞匯量在逐漸增長(zhǎng)，我很高興?？吹侥愕脑~匯量在逐漸增長(zhǎng)，我很高興。我們的生意興隆。我們的生意興隆。6. lead to 導(dǎo)致導(dǎo)致; 造成造成(后果后果); 通向通向 課文原句課文原句 Many of these chemicals can lead to cancer or other illnesses. 許多化學(xué)成分導(dǎo)致癌癥或其他疾病。許多化學(xué)成分導(dǎo)致癌癥或其他疾病。 【拓展【拓展】 lead sb. to do sth. 誘導(dǎo)某人做某事，使某人做某事誘導(dǎo)某人做某事，使某人做某事 lead sb. to sp. 帶領(lǐng)某人去某地帶領(lǐng)某人去某地 lead sb. into 帶某人進(jìn)入帶某人進(jìn)入 lead the way 引路引路, 帶路帶路 lead/live/have a.life 過(guò)著過(guò)著樣的生活樣的生活用用lead to翻譯下列句子。翻譯下列句子。1. 吃太多的糖會(huì)引起健康問(wèn)題。吃太多的糖會(huì)引起健康問(wèn)題。 Eating too much sugar can lead to health problems. 2. 這條路通向公園。這條路通向公園。 The road leads to the park. 3. 她帶領(lǐng)我們到了樓上的房間。她帶領(lǐng)我們到了樓上的房間。 She led us to a room upstairs.7. keep.free from /of 使使免受免受(影響影響/傷傷 害害); 使使不含不含(有害物有害物) 課文原句課文原句 They feel that this makes the soil in their fields richer in minerals and so more fertile. This also keeps the air, soil, water and crops free from chemicals. 他們認(rèn)為這樣會(huì)使地里的土壤更富含礦物他們認(rèn)為這樣會(huì)使地里的土壤更富含礦物質(zhì)，因而也會(huì)更加肥沃，同時(shí)還可以讓空質(zhì)，因而也會(huì)更加肥沃，同時(shí)還可以讓空 氣，土壤，水以及農(nóng)作物不受化學(xué)物質(zhì)的氣，土壤，水以及農(nóng)作物不受化學(xué)物質(zhì)的污染。污染。 【拓展【拓展】 be free from/of. 無(wú)無(wú)的的; 免于免于的的 for free 免費(fèi)免費(fèi) free of charge 免費(fèi)免費(fèi)1. If so, what did you do to grow them? 如果如果這樣的話這樣的話, 你做了些什么來(lái)種植這些植物？你做了些什么來(lái)種植這些植物？ if so意為意為“如果是這樣的話如果是這樣的話”, 是是if引導(dǎo)引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句的省略形式的條件狀語(yǔ)從句的省略形式, 表示表示肯定意義肯定意義, 如果如果表示否定意義表示否定意義, 則用則用 if not。(三三) 句式句式if 構(gòu)成的其他省略形式構(gòu)成的其他省略形式：if any 如果有的話如果有的話if possible 如果可能的話如果可能的話if necessary 如果必要的話如果必要的話2. In 1974, he became the first agricultural pioneer in the world to grow rice that has a high output. the first/last/best/only/very/right .+n. + to do sth. 第一個(gè)第一個(gè)/最后一個(gè)最后一個(gè)/最好的一個(gè)最好的一個(gè)/唯一的唯一的/恰好恰好的的/合適的合適的做某事的人做某事的人/物物 不定式放在表示次序的詞不定式放在表示次序的詞the first, the last, the best以及以及the only, the very, the right等等詞后面詞后面,且這些詞與動(dòng)詞不定式有邏輯上的且這些詞與動(dòng)詞不定式有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。主謂關(guān)系。e.g. He is always the first to come and the last to leave. 他總是第一個(gè)來(lái)最后一個(gè)離開。他總是第一個(gè)來(lái)最后一個(gè)離開。 The last man to leave the sinking ship was the captain. 最后一個(gè)離開正在下沉的船的那個(gè)人是最后一個(gè)離開正在下沉的船的那個(gè)人是船長(zhǎng)。船長(zhǎng)。3. Using his hybrid rice, farmers are producing harvests twice as large as before. 用他的雜交水稻種子，農(nóng)民們種出的糧食用他的雜交水稻種子，農(nóng)民們種出的糧食比以前多了一倍。比以前多了一倍。 倍數(shù)表達(dá)法：倍數(shù)表達(dá)法： Abe倍數(shù)倍數(shù)asadj.asB Abe倍數(shù)比較級(jí)倍數(shù)比較級(jí)thanB Abe倍數(shù)倍數(shù)（由某些形容詞變化而來(lái)（由某些形容詞變化而來(lái)的）的）n.ofBe.g. Im not going out with a man whos twice as old as me. 我不愿意和一個(gè)年紀(jì)比我大一倍的男人我不愿意和一個(gè)年紀(jì)比我大一倍的男人一起參加社交活動(dòng)。一起參加社交活動(dòng)。 My house is three times bigger than yours. 我的屋子比你的大三倍。我的屋子比你的大三倍。 Your playground is 900 metres wide, three times the size of ours. 你們操場(chǎng)有你們操場(chǎng)有900米寬米寬, 是我們的三倍。是我們的三倍。 動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞-ing形式作主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)形式作主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)一、一、動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞-ing形式作主語(yǔ)形式作主語(yǔ) 動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞-ing形式作主語(yǔ)，表示一般或抽象的形式作主語(yǔ)，表示一般或抽象的習(xí)慣性行為，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)習(xí)慣性行為，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。 e.g. Reading aloud is very important for us to learn a foreign language. Going to bed early and getting up early is considered to be a good habit. 在一些句子中，常用在一些句子中，常用it作形式主語(yǔ)放在作形式主語(yǔ)放在句首，而把真正的主語(yǔ)放到句末句首，而把真正的主語(yǔ)放到句末。 如：如： It is very important remembering others names. It is no use crying over spilt milk. 二、二、動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語(yǔ)形式作賓語(yǔ) 有些動(dòng)詞后只能跟動(dòng)詞有些動(dòng)詞后只能跟動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語(yǔ)，形式作賓語(yǔ)，而不能跟動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)而不能跟動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)。有此用法。有此用法的動(dòng)詞有：的動(dòng)詞有：allow, advise, admit, appreciate, avoid, bear, consider, delay, deny, enjoy, escape, finish, forbid, imagine, keep, mind, mention, permit, practice, quit, risk, suggest等。等。My mother advised asking a doctor to come and examine my eyes. Were considering paying a visit to the Science Museum. 有些動(dòng)詞后既可跟動(dòng)詞有些動(dòng)詞后既可跟動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語(yǔ)，形式作賓語(yǔ)，也可跟動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)，但用法和意也可跟動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)，但用法和意義都有所不同義都有所不同。這些動(dòng)詞是：。這些動(dòng)詞是：remember, forget, stop, regret, try, mean等。如：等。如： I remember meeting her at a party once. I want to try playing soccer this spring.stop to do sth. 停下來(lái)去做某事停下來(lái)去做某事stop doing sth. 停止做某事停止做某事mean to do sth. 想要做某事想要做某事mean doing sth. 意味著意味著try to do sth. 努力要做某事努力要做某事try doing sth. 試著做某事試著做某事remember to do sth. 記得要去做某事記得要去做某事remember doing sth. 記得做了某事記得做了某事 動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞-ing形式用在動(dòng)詞形式用在動(dòng)詞need, want, require等后表示等后表示“需要需要”時(shí)，用動(dòng)詞時(shí)，用動(dòng)詞-ing形式的主動(dòng)形式或者用不定式的被形式的主動(dòng)形式或者用不定式的被動(dòng)式表示被動(dòng)意義動(dòng)式表示被動(dòng)意義。 e.g. The carpet really wants cleaning. = The carpet really wants to be cleaned. 動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞-ing形式作介詞的賓語(yǔ)。形式作介詞的賓語(yǔ)。要特別注要特別注意：意： be / get used to, look forward to, pay attention to, stick to, devote to等中的等中的to都是介詞而不是動(dòng)詞不定式符號(hào)都是介詞而不是動(dòng)詞不定式符號(hào)。 e.g. My father is used to going to bed late and getting up very early. Im looking forward to receiving your reply.用動(dòng)詞用動(dòng)詞-ing形式（短語(yǔ)）把下列兩個(gè)句子形式（短語(yǔ)）把下列兩個(gè)句子合并成一個(gè)句子合并成一個(gè)句子。1. You should know the students needs and interests. It is part of a teachers job. 2. Dont talk with your mouth full. It is a bad habit.Knowing the students needs and interests is part of a teachers job.Talking with your mouth full is a bad habit so dont do it.3. My mother gets up early every morning. That is a good habit. 4. Get all the materials ready before the end of this month. It is your homework.Getting up early every morning is my mothers good habit.Getting all the materials ready before the end of this month is your homework.1. I had as much fun sailing the seas as I now do _ (work) with students. (2016浙江浙江)2. _ (ignore) the difference between the two research findings will be one of the worst mistakes you make. (2015安徽安徽)【高考鏈接【高考鏈接】workingIgnoring 3. Its quite hot today. Do you feel like _ for a swim? (2014陜西陜西) A. to go B. going C. go D. having goneB如何設(shè)計(jì)英文海報(bào)如何設(shè)計(jì)英文海報(bào) 英文海報(bào)是人們?cè)谌粘Ｉ钪薪?jīng)常使用英文海報(bào)是人們?cè)谌粘Ｉ钪薪?jīng)常使用的一種招貼形式的的一種招貼形式的應(yīng)用文應(yīng)用文。它的使用場(chǎng)合非。它的使用場(chǎng)合非常廣泛，常廣泛，包括活動(dòng)宣傳、招聘廣告和人物介包括活動(dòng)宣傳、招聘廣告和人物介紹等紹等?！緦懽髦笇?dǎo)【寫作指導(dǎo)】1. 明確海報(bào)的主題明確海報(bào)的主題明確你要寫的海報(bào)是活動(dòng)宣傳、招聘廣告還明確你要寫的海報(bào)是活動(dòng)宣傳、招聘廣告還是人物介紹。是人物介紹。2. 確定海報(bào)的格式確定海報(bào)的格式標(biāo)題標(biāo)題：居于海報(bào)正上方，用簡(jiǎn)潔、引人注：居于海報(bào)正上方，用簡(jiǎn)潔、引人注目的語(yǔ)言概括要宣傳的主題。目的語(yǔ)言概括要宣傳的主題。正文：海報(bào)正文沒(méi)有硬性規(guī)定的格式，可正文：海報(bào)正文沒(méi)有硬性規(guī)定的格式，可以根據(jù)海報(bào)的內(nèi)容靈活安排。以根據(jù)海報(bào)的內(nèi)容靈活安排。一般來(lái)說(shuō)，一般來(lái)說(shuō)，海報(bào)的最前面要采用一些鼓海報(bào)的最前面要采用一些鼓動(dòng)性較強(qiáng)的語(yǔ)句動(dòng)性較強(qiáng)的語(yǔ)句來(lái)吸引讀者的注意力，通來(lái)吸引讀者的注意力，通常采用常采用排比、反問(wèn)、設(shè)問(wèn)等修辭手法排比、反問(wèn)、設(shè)問(wèn)等修辭手法。 接著列出海報(bào)的具體內(nèi)容：接著列出海報(bào)的具體內(nèi)容： 寫活動(dòng)宣傳的海報(bào)時(shí)，可以先介紹要宣傳寫活動(dòng)宣傳的海報(bào)時(shí)，可以先介紹要宣傳的活動(dòng)，再寫活動(dòng)的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、目的、的活動(dòng)，再寫活動(dòng)的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、目的、 活動(dòng)安排以及主辦單位等?；顒?dòng)安排以及主辦單位等。 寫招聘廣告的海報(bào)時(shí)，先介紹要招聘的職寫招聘廣告的海報(bào)時(shí)，先介紹要招聘的職位，然后寫對(duì)求職者的要求等。位，然后寫對(duì)求職者的要求等。 寫人物介紹的海報(bào)時(shí)，可以先把要介紹的寫人物介紹的海報(bào)時(shí)，可以先把要介紹的人物的名字放在顯要位置，然后依次介紹人物的名字放在顯要位置，然后依次介紹該人物的出生時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、特殊技能等，該人物的出生時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、特殊技能等，再簡(jiǎn)單介紹該人物所從事的職業(yè)等。再簡(jiǎn)單介紹該人物所從事的職業(yè)等。結(jié)尾：海報(bào)發(fā)布時(shí)間常寫在海報(bào)左下角。結(jié)尾：海報(bào)發(fā)布時(shí)間常寫在海報(bào)左下角。注意：注意： 1. 寫海報(bào)正文部分時(shí)，寫海報(bào)正文部分時(shí)，可以列小標(biāo)題可以列小標(biāo)題，也，也可以整段介紹；可以整段介紹；2. 英文海報(bào)通常含有通知性，所以英文海報(bào)通常含有通知性，所以主題應(yīng)主題應(yīng)該明確、一目了然該明確、一目了然；3. 英文海報(bào)還包含廣告的某些特點(diǎn)，要求英文海報(bào)還包含廣告的某些特點(diǎn)，要求內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)明扼要，形式新穎美觀。內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)明扼要，形式新穎美觀。I. 用括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式填空用括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式填空。1. The instructions are terribly _ (confuse). Could you help me with them, please?2. A computer is the most important piece of _ (equip) you will buy.3. The new satellite TV channels offer viewers greater _ (free) of choice.confusingequipmentfreedom4. His _ (discover) included 300 uses for peanuts and 200 uses for sweet potatoes.5. She was so _ (hunger) for success that shed do anything to achieve it.6. Boeing sells a third of its aircraft overseas, making it the biggest _ (export) in the United States.discoverieshungryexporterIII. 選用方框內(nèi)合適的短語(yǔ)并用其正確形式選用方框內(nèi)合適的短語(yǔ)并用其正確形式填空（每個(gè)短語(yǔ)限用一次）。填空（每個(gè)短語(yǔ)限用一次）。build up focus on lead tocare about thanks to over time1. _ this treatment, her condition has improved.2. Students are encouraged to consider the way language changes _.3. She turned the camera and _ Martins face.Thanks toover time focused on4. He has _ quite a fortune in that business.5. I welcome any change that will _ something better.6. O f course I _ the homeless and the unemployed, but what can I do?build up focus on lead tocare about thanks to over timebuilt uplead tocare aboutII. 根據(jù)括號(hào)內(nèi)的漢語(yǔ)提示，用動(dòng)詞根據(jù)括號(hào)內(nèi)的漢語(yǔ)提示，用動(dòng)詞-ing 形形式短語(yǔ)補(bǔ)全下面句子。式短語(yǔ)補(bǔ)全下面句子。1. _ ( 找到一個(gè)停找到一個(gè)停車位車位) is quite difficult in this area.2. _ (鮑勃沒(méi)準(zhǔn)鮑勃沒(méi)準(zhǔn)時(shí)出現(xiàn)時(shí)出現(xiàn)) made Jane very angry.3. _ ( 與我爭(zhēng)論與我爭(zhēng)論) takes much of my little brothers time.Finding a parking spaceBobs not turning up on timeArguing with me4. _ ( 在醫(yī)院做義在醫(yī)院做義工工) is just one of Helen s activities.5. _ ( 在線學(xué)習(xí)在線學(xué)習(xí)) helps students who dont have books.Volunteering at the hospitalStudying onlineIV. 用括號(hào)內(nèi)的單詞或短語(yǔ)改寫下面句子，用括號(hào)內(nèi)的單詞或短語(yǔ)改寫下面句子，并使句意基本保持不變。并使句意基本保持不變。1. I tell you all the time, but you won t listen. (keep) 2. Brad doesnt try to find a perfect company any more. (give up) I keep telling you, but you wont listen!Brad has given up finding a perfect company.3. He had to brake hard to try not to hit the deer. (avoid) 4. Kate decided to leave later than she had planned. (put off) 5. Its very kind of you to give me a gift. (appreciate) He had to brake hard to avoid hitting the deer.Kate decided to put off her leaving.I appreciate you giving me a gift.6. I really want to visit Paris. (look forward to) 7. Emma managed to get a place at Oxford. (succeed in) Im looking forward to visiting Paris.Emma succeeded in getting a place atOxford.8. I wish I hadnt eaten so much; Ive got a stomachache. (regret) I regret eating so much; Ive got a stomachache.閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容（1 個(gè)單詞）或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式個(gè)單詞）或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Inside a building on a farm in the UKcountryside it is hot. 1. _ number of crickets ( 蟋蟀蟋蟀) there is growing at the rate of 60,000 a day. There are at least five other insect farms like this being devel