unit 6 Good manners擴(kuò)大視幅擴(kuò)大視幅是高效閱讀的一種技巧，它是指在閱讀過(guò)程中，我們要擴(kuò)大眼睛在閱讀材料上每停留一次所能感知的文字的廣度。閱讀的過(guò)程，實(shí)際上是一個(gè)積極思維、迅速將文字符號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)換為詞義的過(guò)程。一般說(shuō)來(lái)，我們的視幅總長(zhǎng)度可達(dá)到4-5厘米。所以我們?cè)陂喿x過(guò)程中，要盡可能擴(kuò)大視線在文章每一行的覆蓋范圍，將盡可能多的單詞收入視線范圍之內(nèi)。眼睛所注視的范圍越大，輸入大腦的文字內(nèi)容也就越多，我們的閱讀速度自然也就越快。我們平時(shí)在閱讀時(shí)，不能逐詞閱讀，要不斷訓(xùn)練自己從“點(diǎn)讀”過(guò)渡到“句讀”、“段讀”，讓我們的識(shí)別幅度覆蓋一個(gè)完整的思維單位，學(xué)會(huì)整體認(rèn)讀、整體理解句子意思，并要熟悉句子的結(jié)構(gòu)和詞語(yǔ)的搭配習(xí)慣，切忌讀破句。Passage A閱讀理解Different countries and different people have different manners. We must find out their customs, so that they will not think us illmannered. Here are some examples of the things that a wellmannered person does or does not do.If you visit a Chinese family you should knock at the door first. When the door opens, youll not move before the host says “Come in, please!”. After you enter the room, you wouldnt sit down until the host asks you to take a seat. When a cup of tea is put on a teatable before you or sent to your hand, youll say “Thank you” and receive it with your two hands, not one hand, or theyll think you are illmannered.Before entering a house in Japan, it is good manners to take off your shoes. In European countries, even though shoes sometimes become very dirty, this is not done. In a Malay (馬來(lái)西亞的) house, a guest never finishes the food on the table. He leaves a little to show that he has had enough. In England, a guest always finishes a drink or the food to show that he has enjoyed it. This will make the host, especially (尤其) the hostess pleased.根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容，選擇正確答案：1. In China, when the host opens the door, _ before he says “Come in, please!”A. you wont leaveB. you wont walkC. you wont stand in front of himD. you wont get in2. In European countries,_ when you get into a house.A. you neednt take off your shoesB. you must take off your dirty shoesC. you are not allowed to wear dirty shoesD. you should put on clean shoes3. In a Malay house, a guest leaves a little food to show that _.A. he has enjoyed itB. he is quite fullC. he is not hungry at allD. he needs some drink難句注釋 When a cup of tea is put on a teatable before you or sent to your hand, youll say “Thank you”. 當(dāng)一杯茶擺到你面前的茶幾上或遞到你手里時(shí)，你要說(shuō)“謝謝”。Total words:204Reading time:_Reading speed: _ In European countries, even though shoes sometimes become very dirty, this is not done. 在歐洲國(guó)家，有時(shí)即使鞋子臟也不用脫下來(lái)。Passage B閱讀理解Do you love holidays but hate the increase of weight (體重) that follows? You are not alone.Holidays are happy days with pleasure and delicious foods. Many people, however, are worried about the weight that comes along with these delicious foods.With proper planning, though, it is possible to control your weight. The idea is to enjoy the holidays but not to eat too much. You dont have to turn away from the foods that you enjoy. The following suggestions may be of some help to you.Do not miss meals. Before you leave home for a feast (宴會(huì)), have a small, lowfat snack (小吃).This may help to keep you from getting too excited before delicious foods.Begin with clear soup and fruit or vegetables. A large glass of water before you eat may help you feel full. Use a small plate; a large plate will encourage you to have more than enough.Better not have highfat foods. Dishes that look oily or creamy have much fat in them.Choose lean meat (瘦肉). Fill your plate with salad and green vegetables.If you have a sweet tooth, try mints(薄荷)and fruits. They dont have fat content (含量) as cream and chocolate.Dont let exercise take a break during the holidays. A 20minute walk after a meal can help burn off extra calories (卡路里).根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容，選擇正確答案：1. Holidays are happy days with pleasure but they may _.A. bring weight problemsB. bring you much trouble in your lifeC. make you worried about your foodsD. make you hate delicious foods2. In order to really enjoy your holidays without putting on weight, youd better_ .A. drink much water and have vegetables onlyB. not eat much food in high fatC. not accept invitations to feastsD. turn away from delicious foods3. According to the passage, _ is a necessary part to stop you from putting on weight.A. vegetables B. waterC. calories of energyD. physical exercise難句注釋 Many people, however, are worried about the weight that comes along with these delicious foods. 然而，很多人擔(dān)心體重會(huì)隨著這些美味的食物而增加。Total words:231Reading time:_Reading speed: _ The following suggestions may be of some help to you. 下面的建議也許對(duì)你有所幫助。 have a sweet tooth 吃甜食。Passage C閱讀理解This year 2,300 teenagers ( young people aged from 13-19 ) from all over the world will spend about ten months in U.S. homes. They will attend U.S. schools, meet U.S. teenagers, and form impressions (印象) of the real American teenagers. American teenagers will go to other countries to learn new languages and have a new understanding of the rest of the world.Here is a twoway student exchange in action. Fred, nineteen, spent last year in Germany with Georges family. In return, Georges son, Mike, spent a year in Freds home in America.Fred, a lively young man, knew little German when he arrived, but after two months study, the language began to come to him. School was completely different from what he had expected much harder . Students rose respectfully (尊敬地) when the teacher entered the room. They took fourteen subjects instead of the six that are usual in the United States. There were almost no outside activities (活動(dòng)).Family life, too, was different. The familys word was law, and all activities were around the family rather than the individual (個(gè)人). Fred found the food too simple at first. Also, he missed having a car.“Back home, you pick up some friends in a car and go out and have a good time. In Germany, you walk, but you soon learn to like it.”At the same time, in America, Mike, a friendly German boy, was also forming his idea. “I suppose I should criticize (批評(píng)) American schools.” he says. “It is far too easy by our level (水準(zhǔn)). But I have to say that I like it very much. In Germany we do nothing but study. Here we take part in many outside activities. I think that maybe your schools are better in training for citizens (市民). There ought to be some middle ground between the two.”根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容，選擇正確答案：1. The whole exchange program is mainly to _.A. help teenagers in other countries know the real AmericaB. send students in America to travel in GermanyC. let students learn something about other countriesD. have teenagers learn new languages2. What did Fred and Mike agree on?A. American food tasted better than German food.B. German schools were harder than American schools.C. Americans and Germans were both friendly.D. There were more cars on the streets in America.3. What is particular (特別的) in American schools?A. There is some middle ground between the two teaching buildings.B. There are a lot of afterschool activities.C. Students usually take 14 subjects in all.D. Students go outside to enjoy themselves in a car.4. What did Mike think after experiencing the American school life?A. A better education should include something good from both America and Germany.B. German schools trained students to be better citizens.C. American schools were not as good as German schools.D. The easy life in the American school was more helpful to students.難句注釋 Here is a twoway student exchange in action. 這里就有一個(gè)正在運(yùn)作的兩地學(xué)生互派活動(dòng)。in action 意為“在運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)；在操作；在某項(xiàng)活動(dòng)中”。Total words:318Reading time:_Reading speed: _ School was completely different from what he had expectedmuch harder. 學(xué)校完全不同于他原本料想的那樣，要辛苦得多。 There ought to be some middle ground between the two. 在兩國(guó)學(xué)校之間應(yīng)該要平均一下。Passage D完形填空I spent two months with an American family last year when I studied in America.It is said, “The best house is in America, the best wife is in Japan, and the best food is in China.” So I took pride (自豪) and 1 to 2 “the best food” for my American family. Each day, regardless of my poor skill of cooking, I would do something in 3 way: changing the dishes colour, the meats type or the soups style (風(fēng)味). Thus, my American friends could discover the 4 of eating Chinese food. Because of my “ 5 ” job, I was often rewarded(獎(jiǎng)勵(lì))by their 6 of appreciation(感激)such as “very delicious”,“excellent”, etc.But the joke was here: yesterday, I cooked Sichuanstyle 7 for dinner. I was 8 at my achievement (成就).When all the family members arrived at the table, they first looked 9 at the fish, then looked at me. “Why do all the fish have their10 ？” they asked，“Its terrible!”Terrible or beautiful？I dont know. But I 11 know that fish heads are delicious. The 12 is the best part of fish; in 13 only the respectable(受敬重的)guest can have the special honour of 14 it.Another 15 thing is: the American friends often said to me“ 16 ”as they 17 fruits or other things. According to Chinese tradition I would simply smile in answer to their kindness 18 actually helping myself to any of the food. 19 , I said “help yourself” to them whenever I brought home fruits. Dear me, no matter how much or how often I brought home food, as long as it was nice to their taste, they 20 hesitated (猶豫)to use their hands to “help themselves” until all was finished.根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容，選擇正確答案：1. A. worryB. attentionC. delightD. pleasure2. A. buy B. fetch C. cook D. leave3. A. their B. a new C. the sameD. a simple4. A. way B. joy C. trouble D. importance5. A. hard B. daily C. good D. new6. A. expressions B. flowers C. talk D. smile7. A. meat B. fish C. soup D. egg8. A. praised B. pleased C. good D. surprised9. A. happily B. excitedlyC. surprisedlyD. worriedly10. A. bones B. skins C. tails D. heads11. A. do B. will C. want toD. should12. A. tail B. head C. soup D. flesh13. A. fact B. China C. USA D. the West14. A. enjoying B. looking atC. playing withD. cooking15. A. real B. exciting C. interestingD. easy16. A. please help us B. excuse me C. help yourself D. eat them please17. A. brought home B. wantedC. were buying D. were eating18. A. not B. but not C. withoutD. nor19. A. At last B. Above allC. After allD. In return20. A. usual B. often C. never D. had難句注釋 regardless of my poor skill of cooking 不顧我差勁的廚藝。According to Chinese tradition I would simply smile in answer to their kindness. 根據(jù)中國(guó)的傳統(tǒng)，我只是對(duì)他們的好意報(bào)以微笑。 in answer (to sth.)意為“ 作為回應(yīng)”。Passage A本文主要講述了不同的國(guó)家有不同的禮儀，并通過(guò)幾個(gè)例子來(lái)說(shuō)明這一點(diǎn)。1. D. 從文章第二段第二句話可以得出答案。2. A. 從最后一段 “In European countries, even though shoes sometimes become very dirty, this is not done.”可以得出答案。3. B. 文中提到在馬來(lái)西亞“He leaves a little to show that he has had enough.”。Passage B人們喜歡假日美食，但又怕發(fā)胖。本文提出了一些既能享受美食又不會(huì)增重的建議。1. A. 從文章第一、二兩段可以得知假日會(huì)帶來(lái)體重增加的問(wèn)題。2. B. 不要吃高脂肪食品。3. D. 文章最后一段提到了鍛煉是不能缺少的。take a break意為“停歇”。Passage C本文主要介紹了國(guó)與國(guó)之間的青少年互派交流活動(dòng)，并講述了來(lái)自美國(guó)和德國(guó)的兩個(gè)學(xué)生到對(duì)方國(guó)度的學(xué)習(xí)和生活情況，反映了兩國(guó)之間在學(xué)校、家庭生活上的差異。1. C. 本題考查交流項(xiàng)目的目的，其他三個(gè)選項(xiàng)比較片面。2. B. 注意是雙方都同意。agree on 意為“在取得一致”。3. B. 從文章最后一段Mike認(rèn)為在美國(guó)“Here we take part in many outside activities.”可知。 4. A. 其他三項(xiàng)比較片面，而且最后一段Mike認(rèn)為“There ought to be some middle ground between the two.”。Passage D本文主要描述了“我”在國(guó)外經(jīng)常做中國(guó)菜給外國(guó)主人吃，雖然廚藝不精，但還是常受到他們的稱贊。另外還舉了兩個(gè)例子體現(xiàn)了中西文化的差異。1. D. 在國(guó)外做中國(guó)菜，顯然是感到自豪和高興。2. C. 從接下來(lái)的文字中可以得知是烹飪而不是其他動(dòng)詞。3. B. 從下文中可以看出“我”是以一種新的方式來(lái)做菜。4. B. 根據(jù)上下文，外國(guó)人吃“我”做的菜應(yīng)該是感到有樂(lè)趣的。take delight in doing sth.意為“樂(lè)于做”5. C. 從下文得知外國(guó)人喜歡吃“我”做的菜，那“我”的菜應(yīng)該是好吃的。6. A. 下文提到了比如“very delicious”,“excellent”，很明顯是表達(dá)的意思。7. B. 從下文可以得知是魚，而不是其他食品。8. B. “我”自然對(duì)自己的作品是滿意的。9. C. 根據(jù)下文外國(guó)朋友的疑問(wèn)和驚訝的語(yǔ)氣可以選出答案來(lái)。10. D. 前后照應(yīng)，下文提到了“fish heads are delicious”。11. A. 這里是加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣，意為“我”的確知道。12. B. 根據(jù)上下文可以得出答案。13. B. 因?yàn)椤拔摇笔侵袊?guó)人，很明顯了解中國(guó)的習(xí)俗。14. A. 在中國(guó)只有受敬重的人才有享用它的榮幸。15. C. 最后一段講的是另外一件表現(xiàn)中美文化習(xí)慣上的差異的事，應(yīng)該是有趣的事。16. C. 根據(jù)平時(shí)的口語(yǔ)表達(dá)可以得出答案。17. A. 根據(jù)上下文得知是買回來(lái)后讓“我”隨便吃。18. C. 中國(guó)的習(xí)俗是嘴上可能會(huì)說(shuō)吃，而實(shí)際上并不會(huì)真的去吃。19. D. At last“最后”，Above all“最重要的是”, After all“畢竟”, In return“作為回報(bào)”。20. C. 文章最后提到“until all was finished”，很明顯他們是從不猶豫。1. This may help to keep you from getting too excited before delicious foods. 這也許有助于防止你在美食面前太過(guò)興奮。(Line 9, Passage B)要表達(dá)“使某人不能做某事”，可用keep sb. from doing sth. ，prevent sb. from doing sth. 或stop sb. from doing sth. 等結(jié)構(gòu)。如：The church bells keep me from sleeping. 教堂的鐘聲吵得我睡不著覺(jué)。They stopped me (from) going out of the door. 他們阻止我出門。What prevented you (from) joining us last night? 昨天晚上什么事使你不能參加我們的晚會(huì)?注意這三個(gè)詞組中keep sb. from doing sth.中的from不能省，因?yàn)閗eep sb. doing sth. 意為“讓某人一直做某事”。2. It is far too easy by our level. (Line 20, Passage C)該句中的far 是程度副詞，“很；極；大大地”的意思，修飾形容詞、副詞及其比較級(jí)、最高級(jí)。This room is far too warm. 這個(gè)房間極熱。She speaks English far better than I. 她英語(yǔ)說(shuō)得遠(yuǎn)比我好。My work is far from finished. 我的工作還遠(yuǎn)沒(méi)有結(jié)束。句中的by 表基準(zhǔn)，可譯為“根據(jù)；按照”。如：You must play by the rules. 你們必須按照規(guī)則來(lái)比賽。I can see by the expression on your face that you are in trouble. 從你的表情，我可以看得出你有了麻煩。11用心 愛(ài)心 專心