2019-2020年高中英語語法復(fù)習(xí) 第三講 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞講練語法精講 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞是歷年高考英語命題中不可缺少的考察內(nèi)容。它涉及談話所說的內(nèi)容的態(tài)度和看法，或者表主觀設(shè)想及其他情態(tài)意義的助動(dòng)詞。正確掌握其用法是解題的關(guān)鍵。其意義與用法如下：一. 表推測(cè)對(duì)現(xiàn)在的推測(cè)對(duì)過去的推測(cè)肯定否定肯定否定must docant domust have + V-edcant have + V-ed could docouldnt docould have + V-edcouldnt have +V-edmay domay not domay have + V-edmay not have +V-edmight domight not domight have V-edmight not have V-ed表推測(cè)性用法的含義may: a) 許可 b)祝愿 can a) 能力 b)許可 c)驚異，懷疑，不相信的態(tài)度 must a)必須 b) 必然 ought to a) 應(yīng)該（義務(wù)和責(zé)任） should a)應(yīng)該b)用于各種虛擬語氣will a) 請(qǐng)求，建議 b)意愿，意欲 c) 總是，慣于 shall a)堅(jiān)持（要） b)意圖 c) 允諾，命令，威脅need a)需要 dare a)膽敢二. 表可能性理論可能性can, could現(xiàn)在可能性肯定句may, might, could疑問句can否定句may not (可能不), cant (不可能)將來可能性many, might1） 對(duì)現(xiàn)在狀態(tài)的推測(cè)：must be2） 對(duì)現(xiàn)在動(dòng)作的推測(cè)：must be doing3） 對(duì)過去的推測(cè)：must have done4） 對(duì)將來的推測(cè)：must do5） 表責(zé)備或批評(píng)：should/ought to/neednt + have done例 1. Is John ing by train? He should, but he _ not. He likes driving his car. A. must B. can C. need D. may理解語義是作出正確判斷選擇的前提。從題干得知說話人此處為對(duì)未來可能發(fā)生的事作出推測(cè) 在談及將來情況時(shí)：A項(xiàng)must not表示不可以 (Its forbidden)B項(xiàng)can not表示不可能 (Its impossible)C項(xiàng)need not表示不必 (Its not necessary)D項(xiàng)may not表示可能不會(huì) (Its possible not)表達(dá)了與此語境相符的推測(cè)語氣，所以本題最佳答案為D項(xiàng)。例2. I was really anxious about you, you _ home without a word. A. mustnt leave B. shouldnt have left C. couldnt have left D. neednt leave此題的意義是：我真為你擔(dān)心，你本不應(yīng)該不說一句話就離開了家。表過出本不該做而實(shí)際已經(jīng)做了，要用should/ought to + have done結(jié)構(gòu)。 mustnt leave是一定不要離開家的意思。 neednt leave是不必離開家的意思。無論是語意還是時(shí)態(tài)，這兩者不合題意。couldnt have left是表推測(cè)，不可能離開家的意思。本題題干中要求選用表達(dá)說話人認(rèn)為是一種“不應(yīng)該”或“不可取”的行為，應(yīng)該用B項(xiàng)shouldnt have left。例3. -Are you ing to Jeffs party? -Im not sure, I _ go to concert instead. A. must B. would C. should D. might選項(xiàng)A和C表“我必須”，那么，上下不應(yīng)有“Im quite sure”。而應(yīng)是“Im not sure”。B項(xiàng)would表自己愿意，不符合題意。選項(xiàng)D含不確定因素，與 “Im not sure”的意思相吻合。might在此陳述的不是過去時(shí)間，而是將來時(shí)間。例4. A left-luggage office is a place where bags be left for a short time, especially at a railway station. A. should B. can C. must D. will從題中得知，寄存處是行李可以短暫寄存的地方，尤其是在鐵路，車站。A項(xiàng)should表應(yīng)該 B項(xiàng)can表許可，可以C項(xiàng)must表必須 D項(xiàng)will表意愿與題中意境相符的一項(xiàng)應(yīng)是B項(xiàng)can.從以上例題可以看出，只有掌握情態(tài)動(dòng)詞不同的形式和用法，才能在特定語境中正確使用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。語法精練：1. A puter _ think for itself, it must be told what to do.A. cant B. couldnt C. may not D. might not2. Mr. Bush is on time for everything. How _ it be that he was late for the opening ceremony?A. can B. should C. may D. must3. Peter _ e with us tonight, but he isnt very sure yet.A. must B. may C. can D. will4. -Are you ing to Jeffs party?-Im not sure. I _ go to the concert instead.A. must B. would C. should D. might5. -Could I borrow your dictionary?-Yes, of course you _.A. might B. will C. can D. should6. -I hear youve got a set of vegetable Australian coins. _ I have a look?-Yes, certainly.A. Do B. May C. Shall D. Should7. -Write to me when you get home.-I _.A. must B. have to C. will D. should8. -Shall I tell John about it?-No, you _, Ive told him already.A. neednt B. wouldnt C. mustnt D. shouldnt9. Johnny, you _ play with the knife, you _ hurt yourself.A. wont; cant B. mustnt; may C. shouldnt; must D. cant; shouldnt10. -I promise her daughter _ get a nice present on her birthday.-Will it be a big surprise to her?A. should B. must C. would D. shall11. Sir, you _ be sitting in this waiting room. It is for women and children only.A. oughtnt to B. cant C. wont D. neednt12. -There were already five people in the car but they managed to take me as well.-It _ a fortable journey.A. cant be B. shouldnt C. mustnt have been D. couldnt have been13. Sorry, I am late. I _ have turned off the alarm and gone back to sleep again.A. might B. should C. can D. will14. Jack _ yet, otherwise he would have telephoned me.A. mustnt have arrived B. shouldnt have arrivedC. cant have arrived D. need not have arrived15. I wonder how he _ that to the teacher.A. dare to say B. dare saying C. not dare say D. dared say答案：15 AABDC 610 BCCBD 1115 ADACD