Module 5,Grammar,Cloning,（1）真實(shí)條件句,表示提出的假設(shè)完全可以成為事實(shí), 謂語動(dòng)詞用陳述語氣.,If time permits, well go fishing together.,如果有時(shí)間的話，我們就一起去釣魚。,條件從句,（2）虛擬條件句,表示所提出的假設(shè)實(shí)現(xiàn)的可能性極小與事實(shí)相反, 謂語動(dòng)詞用虛擬語氣. 虛擬語氣也可以表示愿望,請(qǐng)求及建議等.,If it had rained yesterday, we would have stayed at home.,如果昨天下雨的話，我們就會(huì)留在家里。,一、與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的假設(shè),從句：if + 主語 + 動(dòng)詞的過去式(be 用 were) + ,主句：主語 + would (should, could , might) + 動(dòng)詞原形 + ,If I were you, I would go with him.,If I were you, I should buy it.,“虛擬條件句“的句型。,注意：如果動(dòng)作在進(jìn)行中，主句要用： “主語 + would be + 進(jìn)行式動(dòng)詞 + “,If they were here, he would be speaking to them now.,二.與過去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè),從句：If + 主語 + had +過去完成式動(dòng)詞 + ,主句：主語 + would (should, could, might) + have +過去完成式動(dòng)詞 +,If you had studied harder last term, you could have passed exam.,If it had snowed, I would have skied in the park.,注意：如果動(dòng)作在進(jìn)行中，主句要用： “主語 + would+ have + 完成進(jìn)行式動(dòng)詞 +,If they had been here, he would have been speaking to them.,三.與將來的事實(shí)可能相反,從句：If + 主語 + should (或were) + 動(dòng)詞原形 +,主句：主語 + would (could, should, might) + 動(dòng)詞原形 +,If it should rain, the crops would be saved.,If he were here, I would give him the books.,注意：如果動(dòng)作在進(jìn)行中，從句 (不是主句)要用：“If + 主語 + 過去進(jìn) 行式動(dòng)詞+“,If she were staying here now, I would let her ride my horse.,四. 從句的 If 有時(shí)可省略，那么從句中 的動(dòng)詞 (were, had, should)就得移到 主語前面：,原句：If he had tried it, he could have done it.,去If：Had he tried it, he could have done it.,五. 有時(shí)虛擬條件句的從句和主句地動(dòng) 詞動(dòng)作時(shí)態(tài)會(huì)不一致：,1) 從句表示過去，主句表示將來：,If they had started the early morning yesterday, they would be here now.,2)從句表示將來，主句表示過去：,If I were not to make a preparation for my experiment this afternoon, I would have gone to see the film with you last night.,3) 從句表示過去，主句表示將來：,If we hadnt made adequate preparations, we shouldnt dare to do the experiment next week.,4)從句表示將來，主句表示現(xiàn)在：,If we shouldnt have an exam this afternoon, I would go shopping now.,Give your own answers to the questions.,If you could clone a man, would you do it?,Yes, I would. / No, I wouldnt.,Example:,2. If you were a scientist, would you work for a cloning company?,3. If you had the money, would you pay scientists to clone you?,4. If cloning became easy, would that be a good thing, in your opinion?,If you were head of the government, would you allow cloning?,If scientists _(clone) me, I _(feel) very strange.,would feel,Complete the sentences.,cloned,2. If governments _ (not allow) cloning, many scientists _(be) very angry.,would be,didnt allow,3. If I _(meet) a cloned copy of myself, I _ (run away)!,would run away,met,4. If cloning _ (be) easy, the world _ (be) a very different place.,would be,were/ was,5. If cloned animals _(live) until they _(be) old, scientists _(be) very pleased.,would be,lived,were,I have known my friend Robin (1)_ many years and am very fond (2)_ him, but he has some strange ideas. For example, he says that if he (3)_ the money, he (4)_ ask scientists to clone him. When I ask him,Complete the passage.,for,of,had,would,(5)_ he would like this, he replies that he (6)_ love to meet an identical copy of himself. I dont feel the same at all. If I (7)_ an identical copy of myself, I (8)_ run as fast as I could in the opposite direction. I cant think of anything (9)_ awful! But Robin has other strange ideas. For example,would,why,would,met/saw,more,he says that (10)_ scientists allowed him, he would (11)_ to the moon. When he says this, I reply that if it (12)_ possible I (13)_ like to live to be two hundred. “Me too,” Robin replies. (14)_he knows I am joking. The problem is, I know he is serious. If he a dreamer or (15)_ his dreams become possible one day? I have no idea.,if,go/fly/travel,were,would,but,could,1.If you hadnt gone with Tom to the party last night,_. a. you would meet John already b. you wont have missed John c. you will have met John d. you would have met John,d,2.Supposing this ship _ , do you think there would be enough life jackets for all the passengers? a. was sinking b. has sunk c. were to sink d. sunk,c,3.The insects would devour all our crops and kill our flocks and heads, if _ for the protection we get from insect-eating animals. a. it is not b. it were not c. were it not d. they were not,b,4.Frankly, Id rather you _ anything about it for the time being. a. do b. dont do c. didnt do d. will not do,c,5.If I _ in the twenty-first century, I _ my vacation in a very different way. a. should livewould spend b. will live .should spend c. are living should have spent d. will be livingwould have spent,a,6.Its high time you _. a. start to work b. would start to work c. started to work d. had started to work,c,