2019-2020年高中英語語法復(fù)習(xí) 第十七講 名詞講練語法精講 名詞可分為可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞。 通常狀況下： 泛指： a/an + 單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞 或 零冠詞 + 可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞 特指： the + 可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞 名詞在句中作主語, 賓語,介詞賓語,賓語補(bǔ)助語,表語以及名詞短語作狀語。 1）名詞作定語與所有格，形容詞作定語的區(qū)別：比較： heart trouble 心臟病 hearty wele 熱忱的歡迎 rain drops 雨滴 rainy season 雨季 mountain village 山村 mountainous region 山區(qū). 名詞作定語表示所修飾詞的質(zhì)地，身份，屬性或功能。如a gold ring a shoe maker a man doctor a flower vase 在這種情況下，名詞多用做單數(shù)。 但有些情況例外。 goods train sports meet two men doctors . 所有格一般表示： 所有關(guān)系 Mr. Browns suitcase 主謂關(guān)系 Dr Smiths answer 動賓關(guān)系 the boys punishment 事物的來源 Peters letter 事物的類別 womens magazines 其他意義 a winters day (a day in winter)2) 名詞的格 1. 名詞所有格s常用于表示有生命東西的名詞 This is my son-in-laws bike. 這是我女婿的自行車。 如果一樣?xùn)|西為兩人共有,則只在后一個名詞后加 " s "。 We visited Xiao Li and Xiao Zhangs room. 我們參觀了小李和小張的房間。 但s所有格也用于下列幾類名詞。 表示時間的名詞。todays peoples daily a moments hesitation a good nights sleep 表示由人組成的集體的名詞。the delegations successful visits the nations youngsters 表示國家，城市等地方的名詞the earths surface Pekings finest parks 名詞所有格所修飾的詞, 有時可以省略。如前文已經(jīng)提到, 或者指地點(diǎn)。 The book is not mine, but Li Huas. 這本書不是我的，是李華的。 I had my hair cut in the barbers. 我在理發(fā)店理發(fā)了。 2. 表示無生命東西的名詞所有格,一般與of 構(gòu)成短語表示前者屬于后者。 Its a map of China. 它是一幅中國畫。 Beijing is the capital of China.北京是中國的首都。 3. 雙重屬格。a bone of the dogs 一根狗吃的骨頭 a bone of the dog 一根狗骨頭a portrait of Mr. Browns 一張由布朗先生畫的或收藏的肖像a portrait of Mr. Brown 一張布朗先生的肖像 3) 物質(zhì)名詞和抽象名詞具體化。一般地說，物質(zhì)名詞和抽象名詞都是不可數(shù)的，因此沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式，如information, courage, milk, butter等。但是某些這類名詞，有時卻以可數(shù)名詞形式出現(xiàn)，來表示比較具體的東西或者類別。 Mineral oils are much used in industry. 礦物油在工業(yè)上很有用。Lung-ching is a well-known tea 龍井是種好茶We have achieved great successes in agricultural production too.They carried on the work in spit of the difficulties.After many failures, they finally succeeded.比較：a pleasant surprise 與 in surprise with pleasure與it is a pleasure4）幾個的單復(fù)數(shù)形式比較特殊幾個單詞：thief, wife, life, leaf, shelf, loaf, wolf, half變f 或fe為v加es而cliff, roof, proof, belief, chief則不變handkerchief, scarf可變可不變 tomato, potato, hero, 加es. 而詞末為兩個元音的詞如bamboo, radio, zoo和一些外來詞如 photo, piano, kilo, tobacco 則直接加s 個別名詞單復(fù)數(shù)形式是一樣的。Chinese, Japanese, aircraft , sheep, deer, means等 有些名詞常以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)。scissors, trousers, pants, glasses(眼鏡), belongings, surroundings, earnings, feelings, sufferings, arms(武裝部隊(duì)), remains（剩余物）, ashes, forces, clothes語法精練： 1. He gained his _ by printing _ of a famous writer.A. wealth; work B. wealths; works C. wealths; work D. wealth; works2. You will find this map of great _.A. price B. cost C. value D. usefulness3. Ill look into the matter as soon as possible. Just have a little_.A. wait B. time C. patience D. rest4. Heres my card. Lets keep in _.A. touch B. relation C. connection D. friendship5. Everybody believes he will be the winner of the 100-metre _.A. match B. petition C. contest D. race6. The manager has got a good business _ so the pany is doing well.A. idea B. sense C. thought D. thinking 7. The collapse of the World Trade Centre has put US economy in a difficult _.A. occasion B. case C. situation D. background8. More and more people choose to shop in a supermarket as it offers a great _ of goods.A. variety B. mixture C. extension D. bination9. You can take as many as you like because they are free of _.A. fare B. charge C. money D. pay10. For the sake of her daughters health, she decided to move to a warm _.A. weather B. temperature C. season D. climate答案：15DDCAD 610 BCABD