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專題五短文改錯(cuò),題型解讀與高考感悟,高頻考點(diǎn)與技巧點(diǎn)撥,高考新編,,考情分析,,題型解讀與高考感悟,考點(diǎn)統(tǒng)計(jì)(略),短文改錯(cuò)考查學(xué)生在語(yǔ)篇中綜合運(yùn)用英語(yǔ)的準(zhǔn)確性。設(shè)題一般包括詞法、句法、行文邏輯等。通常是學(xué)生在英語(yǔ)運(yùn)用中常見(jiàn)的錯(cuò)誤。,通過(guò)對(duì)近三年的短文改錯(cuò)題的分析，可以預(yù)測(cè)2016年短文改錯(cuò)的命題趨向?qū)⒅饕w現(xiàn)在以下幾個(gè)方面：1.命題難度基本保持穩(wěn)定，體裁多以貼近學(xué)生生活的記敘文、應(yīng)用文為主。2.錯(cuò)誤設(shè)置類型相對(duì)穩(wěn)定，常見(jiàn)類型有：錯(cuò)詞、多詞、少詞。,,3.考查內(nèi)容覆蓋面廣，分布合理，但有所側(cè)重。從時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞到各類詞法(包括動(dòng)詞、名詞、形容詞、副詞、代詞、冠詞、介詞、關(guān)聯(lián)詞等)、句法等，均有所考查。4.考查考生對(duì)文章中心思想的把握，以及對(duì)文章的整體理解與結(jié)構(gòu)的分析判斷。,真題體驗(yàn),(一)(2015全國(guó)Ⅰ)WhenIwasachild，Ihopedtoliveinthecity.IthinkIwouldbehappythere.NowIamlivinginacity，butImissmyhomeincountryside.Theretheairiscleanorthemountainsaregreen.Unfortunately，onthedevelopmentofindustrialization，theenvironmenthasbeenpolluted.Lotsofstudieshavebeen,shownthatglobalwarminghasalreadybecomeaveryseriouslyproblem.Theairswebreatheinisgettingdirtieranddirtier.Muchrareanimalsaredyingout.Wemustfoundwaystoprotectyourenvironment.Ifwefailtodoso，we’lllivetoregretit.,,,(二)(2015全國(guó)Ⅱ)Oneday，littleTonywenttoashoppingcenterwithhisparent.Itwasverycrowded.Tonysawatoyonashopwindow.Helikeditsoverymuchthathequicklywalkedintotheshop.Afterlooksatthetoyforsometime，heturnedaroundandfoundwherehisparentsweremissing.Tonywasscaredandbeguntocry.Awomansawhimcryingandtellinghimtowaitoutsideashop.Fiveminuteslater，Tonysaw,,parents.Momsaid，“Hownicetoseeyouagain！DadandIwereterribleworried.”Tonypromisedherthatthiswouldneverhappenagain.,,,,(三)(2014新課標(biāo)全國(guó)Ⅰ)Nearlyfiveyearsbefore，andwiththehelpbyourfather，mysisterandIplantedsomecherrytomatoes(圣女果)inourbackgarden.Sincethen—foralltheseyear—wehadbeenallowingtomatoestoselfseedwheretheyplease.Asresult，theplantsaregrowingsomewhere.Thefruitsaresmallinsize，,,butjuicyandtaste.Therearesomuchthatweoftensharethemwithourneighbors.Althoughweallowtomatoplantstogrowinthesameplaceyearafteryear，butwehaveneverhadanydiseaseorinsectattackproblems.Wearegrowingwonderfullytomatoesatnocost!,,,,,(四)(2014新課標(biāo)全國(guó)Ⅱ)Mydreamschoolstartsat8：30a.m.andendsat3：30p.m.Theyarethreelessonsinthemorningandtwointheafternoon.Wedidn’tneedtodosomanyhomework.Therefore，wehavemoretimewithafterschoolactivities.Forexample，wecandoreadingforoneandahalfhourandplaysportsforonehoureveryday.,,Mydreamschoollooklikeabiggarden.Thereareallkindsoftheflowersandtreesaroundtheclassroombuildings.Wecanlieonthegrassforarest，orsatbythelakelisteningmusic.Theteachersherearekindandhelpfully.Theyarenotonlyourteachersbutalsoourfriends.,,,,(五)(2013新課標(biāo)全國(guó)Ⅰ)Ihardlyremembermygrandmother.Sheusedtoholdingmeonherkneesandsingoldsongs.Iwasonlyfourwhenshepassesaway.Sheisjustadistantmemoryformenow.Iremembermygrandfatherverymuch.Hewastall，withbroadshoulderandabeardthatturnedfromblacktowardgrayovertheyears.Hehadadeepvoice，whichsethimselfapartfrom,othersinoursmalltown，hewasstrongandpowerful.Inafact，heevenscaredmyclassmatesawayduringtheycameovertoplayordohomeworkwithme.However，hewasthegentlestmanIhaveneverknown.,,(六)(2013新課標(biāo)全國(guó)Ⅱ)ThebookI’mreadingoftalksaboutafternoonteainBritain.Itissaidtohavestartedintheearly1800’s.Haveteainthelateafternoonprovidesabridgebetweenlunchanddinner，thatmightnotbeserveduntil8o’clockatnight.Thiscustomsoonbecomesanothermealofday.,Interesting，ithadaconnectionbytheBritishporcelain(瓷器)industry.TeainChinawastraditionallydrankfromcupswithouthandles.WhenteagotpopularinBritain，therewasacryingneedforgoodcupwithhandlestosuitBritishhabits.Thismadeforthegrowintheporcelainindustry.,一、謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,,,二、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,,三、名詞,,,高頻考點(diǎn)與技巧點(diǎn)撥,四、形容詞與副詞,六、關(guān)聯(lián)詞及行文邏輯,,七、介詞,,八、冠詞,,,五、代詞,考點(diǎn)1時(shí)態(tài)前后不一致,典例1WhenIwasachild，Ihopedtoliveinthecity.IthinkIwouldbehappythere.(2015全國(guó)Ⅰ)分析整個(gè)語(yǔ)境講的就是過(guò)去的事情，所以think也是當(dāng)時(shí)的想法，故應(yīng)該用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。故think改為thought。,,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞考點(diǎn)例析,典例2Inthemornings，itwasfullofstudentsexercising.Theviewfromthebackoftheclassroomisalsosplendid.Closetotheschooltherewasabeautifulparkwithmanytrees...(2015浙江)分析從前一句中的itwas到后面一句的therewas可以判斷整個(gè)語(yǔ)境應(yīng)該是一般過(guò)去時(shí)，所以將is改為was。,典例3Awomansawhimcryingandtellinghimtowaitoutsidetheshop.(2015全國(guó)Ⅱ)分析句子的主語(yǔ)為Awoman，謂語(yǔ)為saw，crying為賓補(bǔ)，and連接的是兩個(gè)謂語(yǔ)，而不是兩個(gè)賓補(bǔ)，所以telling應(yīng)改為told。,考點(diǎn)2缺少謂語(yǔ)或謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式錯(cuò)誤,典例1Wemustfoundwaystoprotectourenvironment.(2015全國(guó)Ⅰ)分析情態(tài)動(dòng)詞must后應(yīng)該跟動(dòng)詞原形，句中we與find之間為主謂關(guān)系，所以found應(yīng)改為find。,,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞考點(diǎn)例析,典例2Sorealfriendshipshouldabletostandallsortsoftests.(2014大綱全國(guó))分析able是形容詞不能直接作謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，其前應(yīng)加be，beabletodosth.意為“能夠做某事”。,典例1Lotsofstudieshavebeenshownthatglobalwarminghasalreadybecomeaveryseriousproblem.(2015全國(guó)Ⅰ)分析studies與show之間為主動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以應(yīng)該去掉been。,考點(diǎn)3語(yǔ)態(tài)錯(cuò)誤,3,,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞考點(diǎn)例析,典例2Tonywasscaredandbeguntocry.(2015全國(guó)Ⅱ)分析wasscared與begun為并列謂語(yǔ)，scared為形容詞，表示過(guò)去的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，begin的過(guò)去式是began，所以begun改為began。,典例3TeainChinawastraditionallydrankfromcupswithouthandles.(2013新課標(biāo)全國(guó)Ⅱ)分析tea與drink之間為動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，所以用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，動(dòng)詞drink的過(guò)去分詞為drunk。,典例1Mydreamschoollooklikeabiggarden.(2014新課標(biāo)全國(guó)Ⅱ)分析整篇短文的語(yǔ)境為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，而且主語(yǔ)為第三人稱單數(shù)Mydreamschool，因此謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用looks。,考點(diǎn)4主謂不一致,4,3,,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞考點(diǎn)例析,典例2Theearlymorningbarkinghavebeendisturbingusasweareoftenupallnightwiththebaby.(2014遼寧)分析本句主語(yǔ)為Theearlymorningbarking，baking為不可數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)，故謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞have應(yīng)改為has。,典例1Ifyouareme，wouldyoutalktothem？(2015四川)分析“如果你是我”這個(gè)假設(shè)一定是虛擬語(yǔ)氣，表示與現(xiàn)在情況相反，所以are改為were。,考點(diǎn)5情態(tài)動(dòng)詞誤用以及虛擬語(yǔ)氣,3,,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞考點(diǎn)例析,典例2Mypunishmentlastedayear.Meanwhile，IfoundoutthatwithmorepatienceImustmakemytoyslast.Myattitudechangedfromthenon.(2012新課標(biāo)全國(guó))分析must必須，一定，用在此處語(yǔ)境不合適。句意為：同時(shí)，我發(fā)現(xiàn)耐心一些，我可以讓我的玩具持久些。所以應(yīng)用could/might。,,方法歸納做動(dòng)詞類改錯(cuò)題時(shí)，需注意以下幾個(gè)方面：(1)判斷一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)是否錯(cuò)用。(2)and，but，so，or等并列連詞前后的時(shí)態(tài)是否一致。(3)除了時(shí)態(tài)，還要注意主謂是否一致。(4)看是否考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。(5)看謂語(yǔ)部分是否缺少動(dòng)詞，特別是be動(dòng)詞。(6)看動(dòng)詞的形式是否正確，尤其注意第三人稱單數(shù)形式是否錯(cuò)用。(7)看主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)是否錯(cuò)用。,,考點(diǎn)專練,改錯(cuò)(每小題1處錯(cuò)誤)1.AsItellyoulasttime，Imadethreenewfriendshere.(2015四川)2.Mysoccercoachretiredlastweek.Iwantedtodosomethingspecialforhimathisretirementparty.Mymummakesthebestbiscuitsintheworld，soIdecidetoaskherforhelp.(2015陜西),tell→told,decide→decided,3.Hello，boysandgirls！Today，Iamgoingtotalkaboutwhatyoushoulddowhenafirealarmgooff.(2014四川)4.IwastakingatraintoLondon’sVictoriaStation.Ihadnoticedthatthecarriagewasnoisyandfilledwithpeople.(2014浙江),go→goes,去掉had,5.Suddenly...theywerelookedlikerain！(2014陜西)6.SuddenlyMary，mybestfriend，askingmetolethercopymyanswers.(2013四川),去掉were/looked,asking→asked,,7.Iwantedtogiveup，butmygrandfathertoldmetowaitalittlelonger.Finally，therewereasuddenpullatthepoleandafishwascaught.(2013陜西)8.HereIaminthemiddleofacity,350milesawayfromourfarmhouse.Doyouwanttoknowwhywemovelastweek？(2013浙江),were→was,move→moved,,9.WhatIlikedbestwerethefreehighspeedInternetconnectionintheroom.Icheckedmyemailmessageseveryday.(2012陜西)10.IknewthattheywillbeworriedaboutmebecauseIwassofaraway，andthatmymotherwouldnotsleepifsheknew.(2012浙江),were→was,will→would,考點(diǎn)1：動(dòng)詞不定式,典例1It’sbeenamonthsinceIcametothisnewschoolandIreallywantsharewithyousomeoftheproblemsIhavebeenexperiencing.(2015四川)分析want后跟帶to的不定式作賓語(yǔ)。故want與動(dòng)詞share之間加to。,,非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞考點(diǎn)例析,典例2ThepositionoftheclassroomwithitsviewmademefeltlikeIwasdreaming.(2015浙江)分析使役動(dòng)詞make后跟不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓補(bǔ)，即makesb.dosth.，表示“使某人做某事”，故felt改為feel。,典例3Sheusedtoholdingmeonherkneesandsingoldsongs.(2013新課標(biāo)全國(guó)Ⅰ)分析usedtodoing是“習(xí)慣于干某事”，而usedtodosth.意為“過(guò)去常常做某事”，由句意可知應(yīng)把holding改為hold。,考點(diǎn)2：動(dòng)詞的-ing形式,典例1Afterlooksatthetoyforsometime，heturnedaroundandfound...(2015全國(guó)Ⅱ)分析從后面的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可知整個(gè)語(yǔ)境用的是一般過(guò)去時(shí)。所以在looks前面加主語(yǔ)是不行的，所以只能改為非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作after的賓語(yǔ)。故looks改為looking。,,非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞考點(diǎn)例析,典例2Haveteainthelateafternoonprovidesabridgebetweenlunchanddinner，whichmightnotbeserveduntil8o’clockatnight.(2013新課標(biāo)全國(guó)Ⅱ)分析分析句式結(jié)構(gòu)可知句子的主語(yǔ)為Haveteainthelateafternoon，所以應(yīng)該用動(dòng)名詞形式作主語(yǔ)，即把Have改為Having。,典例IalsosharedwithmyfriendsmanyphotostakinginBeijing.(2012陜西)分析此處考查的是with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，photos與take在邏輯上是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，表示被動(dòng)，用過(guò)去分詞。故把taking改為taken。,考點(diǎn)3：動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞,,非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞考點(diǎn)例析,,方法歸納句中已有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，若再出現(xiàn)動(dòng)詞，又沒(méi)有并列連詞，注意考慮非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式，根據(jù)其在句中成分以及邏輯關(guān)系，來(lái)判斷其形式是否正確。做短文改錯(cuò)時(shí)，需注意一下幾個(gè)方面：(1)作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)不能用動(dòng)詞原形，通常改為-ing形式或不定式。因在短文改錯(cuò)中，只能改一個(gè)詞，如果主語(yǔ)是原形，就只能改為-ing形式了。,,(2)熟記其后只能接-ing或只能接todo作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞。(3)介詞后要用動(dòng)詞的-ing形式。注意區(qū)分to是介詞還是不定式符號(hào)。(4)一些固定短語(yǔ)或句式中的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式。(5)根據(jù)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞或其邏輯主語(yǔ)的關(guān)系來(lái)確定用ing形式還是用-ed形式。(6)別混淆謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。,,考點(diǎn)專練,改錯(cuò)(每小題1處錯(cuò)誤)1.We’vebeenspendingalotoftimesinginkaraokebars.(2015四川)2.Ienjoyedsitclosetothewindowsandlookingattheview.(2015浙江),sing→singing,sit→sitting,3.Imighthavetoretireagainnextyearjustgetsomemoreofthesebiscuits.(2015陜西)4.Myfavoritepictureatthepartyisofmycoachandmeenjoythebiscuitswithhappylaughter！(2015陜西),get前加to,enjoy→enjoying,5.Oneeveningatsunset，wesatbythefire，haveourbarbecue.(2014陜西)6.Itisdifficulttounderstandingwhyshebarkseveryminuteshe’soutside.(2014遼寧),have→having,understanding→understand,,7.Hewantedteachmeaboutanimals，insectsandtrees.(2014陜西)8.Felthungry，webuiltafirebythelakeandbarbecuedthefish.(2013陜西),wanted后加to,Felt→Feeling,,9.Afterthinkforsometime，Ilethercopymyanswers.(2013四川)10.Heisn’tgoodattalkbuthegetsonwellwithotherpeople.(2013大綱全國(guó)),think→thinking,talk→talking,考點(diǎn)1：?jiǎn)螐?fù)數(shù)或所有格錯(cuò)誤,典例1Theairswebreatheinisgettingdirtieranddirtier.(2015全國(guó)Ⅰ)分析由后面的定語(yǔ)從句webreathe可知，此處先行詞的意思是“空氣”，air當(dāng)“空氣”講時(shí)為不可數(shù)名詞。故airs改為air。,,名詞考點(diǎn)例析,典例2Oneday，littleTonywenttoashoppingcenterwithhisparent.Itwas...hisparentsweremissing...Tonysawhisparents.(2015全國(guó)Ⅱ)分析從后文可以看出Tony的父母一起和他去的商店，后文兩次出現(xiàn)parents，所以應(yīng)該將parent改為parents。,典例3WhenIfinallyarrivedatmyfriendhelentmelotsofclothes.(2011新課標(biāo)全國(guó))分析根據(jù)句意可知，當(dāng)我最后到達(dá)“我朋友的家”(myfriend’s)，他借給我許多衣服。故friend應(yīng)改為friend’s。,考點(diǎn)2：詞性轉(zhuǎn)換錯(cuò)誤,典例1Thismadeforthegrowintheporcelainindustry.(2013新課標(biāo)全國(guó)Ⅱ)分析定冠詞the后面應(yīng)跟名詞形式，故grow應(yīng)改為growth。,,名詞考點(diǎn)例析,典例2Hehasruinedhishealthy.(2013遼寧)分析在形容詞性的物主代詞后應(yīng)用名詞，所以應(yīng)把healthy改為health。,,方法歸納遇到名詞首先注意區(qū)分名詞是可數(shù)名詞還是不可數(shù)名詞；其次還可以根據(jù)名詞前的修飾語(yǔ)或謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)來(lái)判斷。此外，還要注意名詞的所有格。?？伎键c(diǎn)如下：(1)在several，few，many，oneof，acoupleof，three，oneandahalf，alargenumberof，scoresof，dozensof等詞語(yǔ)后，或雖沒(méi)有這些詞但語(yǔ)境提示我們，本應(yīng)接復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞的，但文中卻用了單數(shù)。,,(2)像advice，fun，homework，information，news，progress，equipment，furniture，baggage，luggage，jewellery，clothing等不可數(shù)名詞是沒(méi)有復(fù)數(shù)形式的，但在文中卻用了復(fù)數(shù)。(3)該用名詞的所有格，而沒(méi)有用。,,考點(diǎn)專練,改錯(cuò)(每小題1處錯(cuò)誤)1.AsItoldyoulasttime，Imadethreenewfriendhere.(2015四川)2.Myoldclassroomwasinterestingbecausethreesideoftheclassroomweremadeofglass.(2015浙江),friend→friends,side→sides,3.Mumtaughtmesomebasicstepofbaking.(2015陜西)4.We’vecalledseveraltimeaboutCleo’searlymorningbarking.(2014遼寧),step→steps,time→times,5.Nooneinthecarriagehadpreviouslyspokentoorevennoticedtheticket-ownerbefore.Yettheyhadsoquicklyofferedthestrangerstheirhelp.(2014浙江)6.Forexample，wecandoreadingforoneandahalfhourandplaysportsforonehoureveryday.(2014新課標(biāo)全國(guó)Ⅱ),strangers→stranger,第一個(gè)hour→hours,,7.Todaywehadachemistrytest...Theteacherwasangrybecausewehadthesameanswersinthetests.(2013四川)8.Withinthenextfewminute，mygrandfatheralsocaughtafish.(2013陜西),tests→test,minute→minutes,,9.Youtoldmethenameofdifferentplantsandtheircharacteristics.(2012重慶)10.Mom，IknowIhaveneverexpressedmythanktoyoubefore.(2012四川),name→names,thank→thanks,考點(diǎn)1：形、副詞或名詞詞性混淆,典例1Lotsofstudieshaveshownthatglobalwarminghasalreadybecomeaveryseriouslyproblem.(2015全國(guó)Ⅰ)分析名詞前應(yīng)該用形容詞作定語(yǔ)。故seriously應(yīng)改為serious。,,形容詞與副詞考點(diǎn)例析,典例2DadandIwereterribleworried.(2015全國(guó)Ⅱ)分析worried為形容詞化了的過(guò)去分詞，修飾形容詞應(yīng)該用副詞，所以應(yīng)將terrible改為terribly。,典例3Thefruitsaresmallinsize，butjuicyandtaste.(2014新課標(biāo)全國(guó)Ⅰ)分析句中的small，juicy與taste并列，所以應(yīng)該都用形容詞，故將taste改為tasty。,考點(diǎn)2：形、副詞錯(cuò)用,典例1Nearlyfiveyearsbefore，andwiththehelpofourfather，mysisterandIplantedsomecherrytomatoes(圣女果)inourbackgarden.(2014新課標(biāo)全國(guó)Ⅰ)分析相對(duì)于說(shuō)話時(shí)以前用ago；相對(duì)于過(guò)去的某個(gè)時(shí)間或動(dòng)作之前才用before。故before改為ago。,,形容詞與副詞考點(diǎn)例析,典例2Asaresult，theplantsaregrowingsomewhere.(2014新課標(biāo)全國(guó)Ⅰ)分析somewhere意為“某處”，而根據(jù)句意“植物到處生長(zhǎng)”。故somewhere應(yīng)改為everywhere。,典例3Iremembermygrandfatherverymuch.(2013新課標(biāo)全國(guó)Ⅰ)分析“我對(duì)祖父的記憶非常好/清楚”，而非“多”。故much應(yīng)改為well/clearly。,考點(diǎn)3：修飾詞錯(cuò)用或多余,典例1Muchrareanimalsaredyingout.(2015全國(guó)Ⅰ)分析animals為可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式，所以用many修飾，much只能修飾不可數(shù)名詞。故Much改為Many。,,形容詞與副詞考點(diǎn)例析,典例2Helikeditsoverymuchthathequicklywalkedintotheshop.(2015全國(guó)Ⅱ)分析此處為so...that句式，所以much前用副詞so修飾。故去掉very。,典例3Wedon’tneedtodosomanyhomework.(2014新課標(biāo)全國(guó)Ⅱ)分析homework為不可數(shù)名詞，前面應(yīng)用much修飾，因此把many改為much。,考點(diǎn)4：比較等級(jí)誤用,典例1Mymummakesthebetterbiscuitsintheworld，soIdecidedtoaskherforhelp.(2015陜西)分析由該句中的intheworld以及前面的the可知此處應(yīng)該用形容詞的最高級(jí)。故better改為best。,,形容詞與副詞考點(diǎn)例析,典例2Tomakemattersbad，nowIhavetosharearoomwithmyyoungersister，Maggie.(2013浙江)分析tomakemattersworse使事情更糟糕的是，為固定搭配。故bad改為worse。,考點(diǎn)5：分詞化形容詞混用,典例1Iamawfullytiring，butIknowI’llneverfallasleep.(2013浙江)分析由句意知，“我感到非常疲乏”，應(yīng)用tired。故tiring應(yīng)改為tired。,,形容詞與副詞考點(diǎn)例析,典例2Gradually，IbecameinterestinginbiologyandchosetolearnbiologywhenIenteredthecollege.(2012重慶)分析對(duì)……感興趣，應(yīng)該用interested。故interesting應(yīng)改為interested。,,方法歸納對(duì)于形容詞和副詞的考查，注意以下幾點(diǎn)：(1)作定語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、補(bǔ)語(yǔ)，用形容詞。(2)作狀語(yǔ)，修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、全句，用副詞。(3)注意比較級(jí)與最高級(jí)的比較對(duì)象或范圍；單音節(jié)形容詞的比較級(jí)前，不可再加more。(4)注意many，much，(a)few，(a)little；very，so，(n)ever，hardly等修飾詞的用法。,,考點(diǎn)專練,改錯(cuò)(每小題1處錯(cuò)誤)1.Ontheleft-handsideoftheclass，Icouldeasyseethefootballfield.(2015浙江)2.Ithoughtthebiscuitswerereallywell.(2015陜西),easy→easily,well→good,,3.Thatistoomuchforus，consideringhowcloselythehousesare.(2014遼寧)4.Don’tpanicorgetoutoflineandtrytoremainquietandcalmly.(2014四川),closely→close,calmly→calm,5.Beside，Cleotendstobarkanaverageofsixhoursaday.(2014遼寧)6.Nooneinthecarriagehadpreviousspokentoorevennoticedtheticketownerbefore.(2014浙江),Beside→Besides,previous→previously,,7.Myunclesimmediatejumpedupandshottheirarrowsatthebird.(2014陜西)8.Todaywehadachemistrytest.Ifoundthetestdifficulty，butItriedhardtodoit.(2013四川),immediate→immediately,difficulty→difficult,,9.Afterwaitingforabouthalfanhour，Iwasbeginningtogetimpatiently.(2013陜西)10.WheneverIthinkoftheolddays，Ifeelveryhappily.(2012重慶),impatiently→impatient,happily→happy,考點(diǎn)1：人稱不一致,典例1Wemustfindwaystoprotectyourenvironment.Ifwefailtodoso，we’lllivetoregretit.(2015全國(guó)Ⅰ)分析從整個(gè)語(yǔ)境以及句子的主語(yǔ)來(lái)看應(yīng)該把your改為our才能講得通，也可以改為the。,,代詞考點(diǎn)例析,典例2Closetotheschooltherewasabeautifulparkwithmanytreesaroundthem.(2015浙江)分析with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)是作定語(yǔ)修飾park的，所以這里的代詞是指的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞park，故them應(yīng)改為單數(shù)it。,考點(diǎn)2：代詞混用,典例1Myunclesimmediatelyjumpedupandshottheirarrowsatthebird.Neitherofthearrowshitthetarget.(2014陜西)分析從Myunclesimmediatelyjumpedupandshottheirarrowsatthebird可知，射出去的箭不僅僅兩支，因此應(yīng)把Neither改為None。,,代詞考點(diǎn)例析,典例2Hehadadeepvoice，whichsethimselfapartfromothersinoursmalltown...(2013新課標(biāo)全國(guó)Ⅰ)分析當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)和主語(yǔ)是一個(gè)人時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)一般用反身代詞形式，此句的主語(yǔ)which指的是前面的整個(gè)句子，所以應(yīng)把himself改為him。,考點(diǎn)3：漏掉代詞,典例Fiveminuteslater，Tonysawparents.(2015全國(guó)Ⅱ)分析句意為：5分鐘后，Tony看見(jiàn)了他的父母。所以沒(méi)有限定詞his句意不夠完整。故在parents前加上his。,,代詞考點(diǎn)例析,,方法歸納對(duì)于代詞的考查，要注意一下幾點(diǎn)：(1)順藤摸瓜，理清短文中代詞的指代關(guān)系，注意聯(lián)系上下文，要注意人稱一致、單復(fù)數(shù)一致以及性別的一致關(guān)系。(2)注意人稱代詞格的誤用，以及物主代詞、反身代詞或疑問(wèn)代詞等的錯(cuò)用。(3)系統(tǒng)掌握it的各種用法。(4)準(zhǔn)確把握不定代詞在文中的正確使用。,,考點(diǎn)專練,改錯(cuò)(每小題1處錯(cuò)誤)1.Iwantedtodoanythingspecialforhimathisretirementparty.(2015陜西)2.It’sbeenthreeSaturdaysnowanditreallycostsmemany.(2015四川),anything→something,many→much,3.Infact，Idon’tliketogoanymore，butI’mafraidI’lllosetheirfriendship.WhatdoyouthinkIshoulddo？Ifyouwereme，wouldyoutalktohim？(2015四川)4.Weappreciateourapologiesandgoodwill，butwehopethatyoucanfigure...(2014遼寧),him→them,our→your,5.Theneveryoneinthecarriagebegansearchingfortheticket，whichwaseventuallyfoundunderaseatseveralrowsfromhisowner.(2014浙江)6.Theunderstandingbetweentwofriendsmeansbothofthemhavesimilarideasandtrusteachother.Otherwise，itisimpossibleforhimtohelpeachotherandtomaketheirfriendshiplastlong.(2014大綱全國(guó)),his→its/the,him→them,,7.Ifit’safalsealarmandthereisnofire，yourteacherwillleadusbacktotheclassroom.(2014四川)8.Wetookoursfishingpolesandheadedforthelake.(2013陜西),us→you,ours→our,,9.Iwaseagertoseehim，butoutsideherroomIstopped.(2013遼寧)10.Afterthinkingforsometime，Ilethercopymyanswers.Butafterthetest，allofuswerecalledtotheteacher’soffice.(2013四川),her→his,all→both,考點(diǎn)1：關(guān)聯(lián)詞使用不當(dāng),典例1Afterlookingatthetoyforsometime，heturnedaroundandfoundwherehisparentsweremissing.(2015全國(guó)Ⅱ)分析句意為：他轉(zhuǎn)過(guò)身發(fā)現(xiàn)父母不見(jiàn)了。由句意可知賓語(yǔ)從句句意完整，不缺少成分，所以應(yīng)該用that引導(dǎo)從句或省略。故去掉where或?qū)here改為that。,,關(guān)聯(lián)詞及行文邏輯考點(diǎn)例析,典例2Theretheairiscleanorthemountainsaregreen.(2015全國(guó)Ⅰ)分析兩個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句之間為并列關(guān)系而非選擇關(guān)系，所以將or改為and。,考點(diǎn)2：多余或缺少連詞,典例1Althoughweallowtomatoplantstogrowinthesameplaceyearafteryear，butwehaveneverhadanydiseaseorinsectattackproblems.(2014新課標(biāo)全國(guó)Ⅰ)分析在讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中，although不可以與but連用，因?yàn)閍lthough位于句首，故只能去掉but或?qū)ut改為yet。,,關(guān)聯(lián)詞及行文邏輯考點(diǎn)例析,典例2Hehadadeepvoice，whichsethimapartfromothersinoursmalltown，hewasstrongandpowerful.(2013新課標(biāo)全國(guó)Ⅰ)分析句中which引導(dǎo)的是定語(yǔ)從句，修飾主句Hehadadeepvoice，而主句與從句后的分句hewasstrongandpowerful之間缺少連詞，根據(jù)他們的并列關(guān)系，確定he前加and。,考點(diǎn)3：介詞與連詞混用,典例Infact，heevenscaredmyclassmatesawayduringtheycameovertoplayordohomeworkwithme.(2013新課標(biāo)全國(guó)Ⅰ)分析句中during為介詞，不可以連接兩個(gè)獨(dú)立謂語(yǔ)的句子，根據(jù)邏輯關(guān)系，后一個(gè)分句應(yīng)為when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。故during應(yīng)改為when。,,關(guān)聯(lián)詞及行文邏輯考點(diǎn)例析,,方法歸納對(duì)于連詞的考查，注意首先判斷兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的單詞、短語(yǔ)或單句之間是否有連接詞，再根據(jù)不同的句式結(jié)構(gòu)，判斷連接詞是否運(yùn)用正確。解題時(shí)，可以注意以下幾個(gè)方面：(1)把握前后兩句話之間的銜接關(guān)系，判定是并列句、主語(yǔ)從句、定語(yǔ)從句還是狀語(yǔ)從句，根據(jù)連接詞在句中作何成分，判斷正誤。,,(2)注意but轉(zhuǎn)折、and并列、or或者(選擇)、so因此(結(jié)果)等邏輯關(guān)系詞之間的混用。(3)注意although/though/while不與but連用；since/as/because不與so連用。(4)注意but與and，and與or，or與so，after與before，which與that，which與what等連詞的用法區(qū)別。,,考點(diǎn)專練,改錯(cuò)(每小題1處錯(cuò)誤)1.HowdoyouthinkIshoulddo？(2015四川)2.MyonlymistakewasthatIdroppedsomeonthefloorafterIwaspackingthemup.(2015陜西),How→What,after→when/while,3.Infact，Idon’tliketogoanymore，soI’mafraidI’lllosetheirfriendship.(2015四川)4.IfIwasonlyachildwhenIstudiedinthatclassroom，Iwillneverforgetit.(2015浙江),so→but,If→Although/Though,5.Werantoescapebutfortunatelynoonewasinjured.(2014陜西)6.Anditiswisetohaveasmanygoodfriendsthatwecan.(2014大綱全國(guó)),but→and,that→as,,7.Ifyounoticethatwhensomeoneismissingorhurt，tellyourteacherimmediately.(2014四川)8.Apassengerrealizedhecouldn’tfindhisticketbutbecamequiteupset.(2014浙江),去掉when,but→and,,9.Beforewaitingforabouthalfanhour，Iwasbeginningtogetimpatient.(2013陜西)10.“Hehasruinedhishealth.Weareworriedabouthim.”Thatiswhichotherteacherssay.(2013遼寧),Before→After,which→what,考點(diǎn)1：介詞誤用,典例1Unfortunately，onthedevelopmentofindustrialization，theenvironmenthasbeenpolluted.(2015全國(guó)Ⅰ)分析withthedevelopmentof為固定短語(yǔ)，意思是“隨著……的發(fā)展”。故on改為with。,,介詞考點(diǎn)例析,典例2Oneday，littleTonywenttoashoppingcenterwithhisparents.Itwasverycrowded.Tonysawatoyonashopwindow.(2015全國(guó)Ⅱ)分析玩具應(yīng)該是在“在櫥窗內(nèi)”，用介詞in。故on改為in。,考點(diǎn)2：缺少介詞,典例1Wecanlieonthegrassforarest，orsitbythelakelisteningmusic.(2014新課標(biāo)全國(guó)Ⅱ)分析listen為不及物動(dòng)詞，后跟名詞時(shí)應(yīng)該加上介詞to。,,介詞考點(diǎn)例析,典例2Whentheteacherasksusverydifficultquestions，I’llthinkquicklyandstandtoanswer.(2013大綱全國(guó))分析根據(jù)句意“站起來(lái)回答”，stand后應(yīng)加up。,考點(diǎn)3：多余介詞,典例1Pleasehelpwithmeandgivemesomeadvice.(2015四川)分析動(dòng)詞help為及物動(dòng)詞，其后接賓語(yǔ)時(shí)無(wú)需加介詞，故去掉with。,,介詞考點(diǎn)例析,典例2ThebookI’mreadingoftalksaboutafternoonteainBritain.(2013新課標(biāo)全國(guó)Ⅱ)分析分析句式結(jié)構(gòu)可知I’mreading為定語(yǔ)從句修飾Thebook，所以介詞of多余。,,方法歸納(1)如果句子中不缺少主語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)，動(dòng)詞后又不缺少賓語(yǔ)，則在名詞或代詞前一定是缺少介詞。(2)注意短語(yǔ)搭配中介詞的正確使用。(3)不該用介詞的短語(yǔ)中用了介詞，如nextyear常寫成inthenextyear。(4)某些及物動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)中介詞缺失，如look(at)，listen(to)，takecare(of)等。,,(5)有些及物動(dòng)詞多加了介詞，如entertheroom常寫成enterintotheroom；returnmybook常寫成returnback/tomybook等。(6)注意分清連詞、副詞和介詞之間的區(qū)別和句法功能。,,考點(diǎn)專練,改錯(cuò)(每小題1處錯(cuò)誤)1.Myoldclassroomwasinterestingbecausethreesidesoftheclassroomweremadefromglass.(2015浙江)2.Mysoccercoachretiredinlastweek.(2015陜西),from→of,去掉in,3.Ifyouhearthealarm，standinlineatthedoorandwaityourteachertoleadyououtside.(2014四川)4.Themorefriendswehave，themorewecanlearnforoneanother，andthemorepleasurewecansharetogether.(2014大綱全國(guó)),wait后加for,for→from,5.Myunclesimmediatelyjumpedupandshottheirarrowsonthebird.(2014陜西)6.Weappreciateyourapologiesandgoodwill，butwehopethatyoucanfigureagoodwayofsettlingthematter.(2014遼寧),on→at,figure后加out,,7.Ifwecouldshowconcerntoothersonneed，theworldwouldbeabetterplacetolivein.(2014浙江)8.Mr.Johnsonisahardworkingteacher.Everyday，hespendstoomuchtimewithhiswork.(2013遼寧),on→in,with→on,,9.Gradually，IbecameinterestedinbiologyandchosetolearnbiologywhenIenteredintothecollege.(2012重慶)10.Therehadbeenaterribleaccidentonthehighwayand，foraresult，therewasalonglineoftrafficforatleastsixmiles.(2012遼寧),去掉into,for→as,考點(diǎn)1：漏掉冠詞,典例1NowIamlivinginacity，butImissmyhomeincountryside.(2015全國(guó)Ⅰ)分析城市生活與鄉(xiāng)村生活對(duì)比，此處特指鄉(xiāng)村，所以用inthecountryside。,,冠詞考點(diǎn)例析,典例2Asresult，theplantsaregrowingeverywhere.(2014新課標(biāo)全國(guó)Ⅰ)分析asaresult為固定搭配，故as后應(yīng)加a。,典例3Thiscustomsoonbecameanothermealofday.(2013新課標(biāo)全國(guó)Ⅱ)分析由句意可知此處指的是特定一天中的另一頓餐，因此day前應(yīng)加定冠詞the。,考點(diǎn)2：冠詞錯(cuò)用,典例1Tonysawatoyinashopwindow...Awomansawhimcryingandtoldhimtowaitoutsideashop.(2015全國(guó)Ⅱ)分析特指上文提到的商店，因此用定冠詞the，故outsideashop應(yīng)改為outsidetheshop。,,冠詞考點(diǎn)例析,典例2Mysoccercoachretiredlastweek.Iwantedtodosomethingspecialforhimathisretirementparty...Ataparty，mycoach，withabiscuitinhismouth，askedsurprisinglywhomadethemandjoked，“Imighthavetoretireagainnextyearjusttogetsomemoreofthesebiscuits.”(2015陜西)分析由語(yǔ)境可知party再次出現(xiàn)，指的是前文他們一起參加的那個(gè)晚會(huì)，屬于特指。故Ataparty改為Attheparty。,考點(diǎn)3：多余冠詞,典例Inafact，heevenscaredmyclassmatesawaywhentheycameovertoplayordohomeworkwithme.(2013新課標(biāo)全國(guó)Ⅰ)分析infact為固定詞組，意為“事實(shí)上，實(shí)際上”，故去掉a。,,冠詞考點(diǎn)例析,,方法歸納(1)根據(jù)泛指和特指，判斷用定冠詞還是不定冠詞。若泛指“一個(gè)”再根據(jù)單詞的第一個(gè)音素來(lái)判定用a還是an。(2)根據(jù)固定搭配。注意固定搭配中不能多用或少用冠詞。,,考點(diǎn)專練,改錯(cuò)(每小題1處錯(cuò)誤)1.Iwasalwaysinterestedtoseethedriversinhurryinthemorning.(2015浙江)2.Besides，Cleotendstobarkaaverageofsixhoursaday.(2014遼寧),hurry前加a,第一個(gè)a→an,3.Today，Iamgoingtotalkaboutwhatyoushoulddow