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專題二閱讀填空,,本題型主要考查考生的閱讀理解能力、語篇分析能力以及對上下文邏輯關系的判斷能力。通過對近三年高考題的分析可知：1.此類題型題目設置難度不大，通過上下文的詞匯或短語提示，均可找到明確的答案，但選項中有兩項特征相似或相近，要求考生仔細閱讀文段，確定合適的答案。2.考點分布合理，突出主題句、詳述句及平行句的考查，注重考查考生把握上下文邏輯關系的能力。,考情分析,3.根據(jù)此類題型特點，預計2016年在考查形式上不會有太大變化。在文章的選材方面可能會更富有靈活性，會出現(xiàn)一些生活氣息較濃的文章或者一些趣味性的話題。,做閱讀填空首先是通讀全文，大體掌握文章大意，然后通讀答案，迅速找出和文章相對應的關鍵詞，將選項填入文中，再次通讀全文，研究多余選項，最終確定答案。,,基本步驟,1.先看選項，通過選項中句子的句意或者句子后面的標點符號來判斷該句在文章中的可能位置。2.再看空前空后，由于句子與句子之間有一種相關的聯(lián)系，所以我們可以在選項中尋找與空前空后的句子有某種必然聯(lián)系的關鍵詞，從而選擇正確的答案。3.注意代詞在句子中的使用，利用代詞的指代作用，我們可以從選項中找到相關的信息。,答題技巧,4.注意一些特殊疑問詞，如果選項中或空前出現(xiàn)特殊疑問詞，那么就要尋找相對應的回答語。做題時需要注意的兩個問題：1.如果問題設在段首，通常是段落的主題句。尋找主題句時，著重閱讀后文第一兩句，鎖定線索信號詞，然后在選項中查找相關特征詞，最后看所選的答案是否將兩段內容連貫起來。,2.如果問題設在段尾，通常是結論或概括性的語句，關鍵詞要在空白前的一句或兩句中尋找。注意在選項中查找表示結果、結論、總結等的信號詞，如therefore，asaresult，thus，hence，inshort，tosumup，toconclude，inaword等詞語。,(一)(2015全國Ⅰ)BuildingTrustinaRelationshipAgainTrustisalearnedbehaviorthatwegainfrompastexperiences.36Trustisarisk.Butyoucan’tbesuccessfulwhenthere’salackoftrustinarelationshipthatresultsfromanactionwherethewrongdoertakesnoresponsibilitytofixthemistake.,真題體驗,Unfortunately，we’veallbeenvictimsofbetrayal.Whetherwe’vebeenstolenfrom，liedto，misled，orcheatedon，therearedifferentlevelsoflosingtrust.Sometimespeoplesimplycan’ttrustanymore.37It’sunderstandable，butifyou’rewillingtobuildtrustinarelationshipagain，wehavesomestepsyoucantaketogetyouthere.,?38Havingconfidenceinyourselfwillhelpyoumakebetterchoicesbecauseyoucanseewhatthebestoutcomewouldbeforyourwellbeing.?39Ifyou’vebeenbetrayed，youarethevictimofyourcircumstance.Butthere’sadifferencebetweenbeingavictimandlivingwitha“victimmentality”.Atsomepointinallofourlives，we’llhaveourtrusttestedorviolated.,?Youdidn’tlose“everything”.Oncetrustislost，whatisleft?Insteadoflookingatthesituationfromthishopelessangle，lookateverythingyoustillhaveandbethankfulforallofthegoodinyourlife.40Instead，it’sahealthywaytoworkthroughtheexperiencetoallowroomforpositivegrowthandforgiveness.,A.Learntoreallytrustyourself.B.Itisputtingconfidenceinsomeone.C.Stopregardingyourselfasthevictim.D.Rememberthatyoucanexpectthebestinreturn.E.They’vebeentoobadlyhurtandtheycan’tbeartoletithappenagain.F.Thisknowledgecarriesoverintheirattitudetowardtheirfuturerelationships.,G.Seeingthepositivesideofthingsdoesn’tmeanyou’reignoringwhathappened.36.解析第一句Trustisalearnedbehaviorthatwegainfrompastexperiences.(信任是我們從以往經(jīng)歷中獲得的習得行為。)是對trust的解釋。選項B中的it指代上文出現(xiàn)的trust，并且繼續(xù)解釋trust的含義；puttingconfidenceinsomeone(對某人寄托信任)，故選B項。注意：選項B與第一句為順承關系。答案B,37.解析選項E與上文能形成因果關系。They’vebeentoobadlyhurtandtheycan’tbeartoletithappenagain.(他們曾經(jīng)受過嚴重傷害，不能容忍這種事情再次發(fā)生。)是上一句Sometimespeoplesimplycan’ttrustanymore.(有時候人們就是不能再信任別人。)的原因。并且與下一句It’sunderstandable...(這是可以理解的……)有順承關系。答案E,38.解析空格位于段首，根據(jù)文章結構分析，極有可能是祈使句。并且選項A.Learntoreallytrustyourself.(學會真正信任你自己。)與空格后的Havingconfidenceinyourself形成同義復現(xiàn)。trustyourself相當于haveconfidenceinyourself。,答案A,39.解析空格位于段首，根據(jù)文章結構分析，極有可能是祈使句。下文中Ifyou’vebeenbetrayed，youarethevictimofyourcircumstance.Butthere’sadifferencebetweenbeingavictimandlivingwitha“victimmentality”.(如果你遭遇了背叛，那么你就成為客觀環(huán)境的受害者。但是成為受害者與以“受害者的心態(tài)”活著是有區(qū)別的。)反復出現(xiàn)victim一詞，而選項C中的關鍵詞也為victim，形成原詞復現(xiàn)。選項C.Stopregardingyourselfasthevictim.(不要把自己當作受害者。)起到總起本段的作用。答案C,40.解析Seeingthepositivesideofthingsdoesn’tmeanyou’reignoringwhathappened.(看到事情的積極方面并不意味著你對發(fā)生的事情視而不見。)與下一句Instead，it’sahealthyway...forpositive...(相反，這是一個健康的方式……)形成轉折關系。并且選項中的positive與下文的positive形成原詞復現(xiàn)。答案G,(二)(2015全國Ⅱ)Trainingforamarathonrequirescarefulpreparationandsteady，gradualincreasesinthelengthoftheruns.16，buythebest-fitting，best-builtrunningshoesyoucanfind.Noonecansaywhichbrandwillworkbestforyouorfeelbestonyourfeet，soyouhavetorelyonyourexperienceandonthefeelofeachpairasyoushop.Whenyouhavefoundshoesthatseemright，walkinthemforafewdaystodoublecheckthefit.17.Asalways，youshouldstretch(伸展)atleasttenminutesbeforeeachruntopreventinjuries.,Duringthefirstweek，donotthinkaboutdistance，butrunfiveminuteslongereachday.18，itiswisetotakeadayofftorest.Butduringthenextweek，setagoalofatleastamileandahalfperrun.19.Aftertwoweeks，starttimingyourself.20.Dependingonthekindofraceyouplantoenter，youcansetupatimetablefortheremainingweeksbeforetherace.,A.AftersixdaysB.ForagoodmarathonrunnerC.BeforeyoubeginyourtrainingD.Witheachday，increasethedistancebyahalfmileE.Iftheystillfeelgood，youcanbeginrunninginthemF.TimespentforpreparationraisesthequalityoftrainingG.Nowyouarereadytofigureoutagoalofimprovingdistanceandtime,16.解析根據(jù)該空后面提供的語境buythebest-fitting，best-builtrunningshoesyoucanfind(購買你能找到的最合適的、最好的跑鞋)可知，這是為了跑馬拉松而進行的準備，這應該是在進行馬拉松訓練之前做的事情，故選C項“Beforeyoubeginyourtraining”。答案C,17.解析由該空前的語境Whenyouhavefoundshoesthatseemright，walkinthemforafewdaystodouble-checkthefit.(當你發(fā)現(xiàn)似乎合適的鞋子時，穿著走動幾天，再次檢查其舒適度。)可知，E選項中they指的就是前面提到的shoes，屬于指代一致。另外feelgood與thefit相對應。故選E。答案E,18.解析空前的Duringthefirstweek，donotthinkaboutdistance，butrunfiveminuteslongereachday.(在第一周的時候，不要考慮跑了多遠，但是每天都要比前一天多跑5分鐘。)提到了thefirstweek，即7天，空格后面說itiswisetotakeadayofftorest(休息一天是明智的)，這樣剩余的就是6天，與A項相關。答案A,19.解析根據(jù)該空格前面提供的語境Butduringthenextweek，setagoalofatleastamileandahalfperrun.(但是在接下來的一周，樹立每次至少跑1.5英里的目標。)可知，與D項的“每天增加半英里”意義銜接緊密。答案D,20.解析由該空前的Aftertwoweeks，starttimingyourself.(兩周后，開始給自己計時。)可知，這里的timing與G項中的improvingdistanceandtime意義相關。答案G,(三)(2015北京)ThisWaytoDreamlandDaydreamingmeanspeoplethinkaboutsomethingpleasant，especiallywhenthismakesthemforgetwhattheyshouldbedoing.Daydreamershaveabadreputationforbeingunawareofwhat’shappeningaroundthem.Theycanseemforgetfulandclumsy.71Theyannoyusbecausetheyseemtobeignoringusandmissingtheimportantthings.,,Butdaydreamersarealsoresponsibleforsomeofthegreatestideasandachievementsinhumanhistory.72Canyouimaginewhatkindofworldwewouldhavewithoutsuchideasandinventions?Sohowcanyoucomeupwithbrilliantdaydreamsandavoidfallingovertreerootsorotherwiselookinglikeafool?,First，understandthatsomeopportunities(機會)fordaydreamingarebetterthanothers.Feelingsafeandrelaxedwillhelpyoutoslipintodaydreams.73Andifyouwanttoimproveyourchancesofhavingacreativeideawhileyou’redaydreaming，trytodoitwhileyouareinvolvedinanothertask—preferablysomethingsimple，liketakingashowerorwalking，orevenmakingmeaninglessdrawings.,It’salsoimportanttoknowhowtoavoiddaydreamsforthosetimeswhenyoureallyneedtoconcentrate.“Mindfulness”，beingfocused，isatoolthatsomepeopleusetoavoidfallingasleep.74Finally，youneverknowwhatwonderfulideamightstrikewhileyourmindhasmovedslowlyaway.75,Alwaysrememberthatyourbestideasmightcomewhenyourheadisactuallyintheclouds.A.Havinginterestingthingstothinkaboutalsohelps.B.Theystareoffintospaceandwanderbythemselves.,C.Withoutwanderingminds，wewouldn’thaverelativity，CokeorPostitnotes.D.Atonetime，daydreamingwasthoughttobeacauseofsomementalillnesses.E.Itinvolvesslow，steadybreathingforselfcontrolthathelpspeoplestaycalmandattentive.,F.Daydreamsareoftenverysimpleanddirect，quiteunlikesleepdreams，whichmaybehardtounderstand.G.Therefore，it’sagoodideatokeepanotebookorvoicerecordernearbywhenyou’reinthedaydreamzone.,71.解析本段說的是大眾印象中的“做白日夢”有哪些弊端，所以只能從B、D兩項中進行選擇，再結合此空前后Theycan...和Theyannoy...句式結構可確定B項為正確答案。答案B,72.解析本段講了“做白日夢”的許多好處。結合空后句中的suchideasandinventions以及選項中的relativity，CokeorPost-itnotes可以確定C項為正確答案。答案C,73.解析本段主要講如何做才能使自己獲得“做白日夢”的機會。結合空前的willhelp和選項中的alsohelps可知，A項“想一些有趣的事情也有幫助(有助于進入‘做白日夢’的境界)”為正確答案。答案A,74.解析本段主要講如何避免不合時宜地“做白日夢”?？涨疤岬健凹凶⒁饬κ且恍┤擞脕肀苊馊胨囊环N工具”，E項中的calmandattentive(沉著和專心)與此相符，選項中的it指代mindfulness。答案E,75.解析根據(jù)前一句中...youneverknowwhatwonderfulideamightstrike...可知，此處是建議身邊放一個筆記本或一臺錄音機，以便隨時記下或錄下你的好想法，所以應選擇G項。答案G,(四)(2014新課標全國Ⅰ)Thejobsofthefuturehavenotyetbeeninvented.36Byhelpingthemdevelopclassicskillsthatwillservethemwellnomatterwhatthefutureholds.1.CuriosityYourchildrenneedtobedeeplycurious.37Askkids，“Whatingredients(配料)canweaddtomakethesepancakesevenbetternexttime？”andthentrythemout.Didthoseingredientsmakethepancakesbetter？Whatcouldwetrynexttime?,2.CreativityTruecreativityistheabilitytotakesomethingexistingandcreatesomethingnewfromit.38Thereareadozendifferentthingsyoucandowiththem.Experimentingwithmaterialstocreatesomethingnewcangoalongwayinhelpingthemdeveloptheircreativity.,3.InterpersonalSkillsUnderstandinghowothersfeelcanbeachallengeforkids.Weknowwhat’sgoingoninsideourownhead，butwhataboutothers？Beingabletoreadpeoplehelpskidsfrommisreadingasituationandjumpingtofalseconclusions.39“Whydoyouthinkshe’scrying？”“Canyoutellhowthatmanisfeelingbylookingathisface？”“Ifsomeoneweretodothattoyou，howwouldyoufeel？”,4.SelfExpression40Therearemanywaystoexpressthoughtsandideas—music，acting，drawing，building，photography.Youmayfindthatyourchildisattractedbyonemorethananother.,A.Encouragekidstocookwithyou.B.Andwecan’tforgetscienceeducation.C.Wecangivekidschancestothinkaboutmaterialsinnewways.D.Sohowcanwehelpourkidsprepareforjobsthatdon’tyetexist?,E.Gardeningisanothergreatactivityforhelpingkidsdevelopthisskill.F.Wecandothisinreallifeoraskquestionsaboutcharactersinstories.G.Beingabletocommunicateideasinameaningfulwayisavaluableskill.,36.解析根據(jù)文章開頭第一句Thejobsofthefuturehavenotyetbeeninvented.“未來的工作尚未發(fā)明出來”并且結合36空后面的Byhelpingthemdevelopclassicskillsthatwillservethemwell“通過幫助他們發(fā)展可以為他們很好服務的經(jīng)典技能”可和，36空應該是個問句，D項“那么我們該如何幫助孩子們?yōu)樯胁淮嬖诘墓ぷ髯龊脺蕚淠?？”符合語境。答案D,37.解析根據(jù)該空后面提供的語境Whatingredients(配料)canweaddtomakethesepancakesevenbetternexttime？“下次我們可以添加什么配料來讓這些薄煎餅更好吃呢？”可知與cook有關，故選A項(鼓勵孩子跟你一起烹飪)。答案A,38.解析該空在2.Creativity之下，與“創(chuàng)造性”匹配的只有C項中的innewways“用新的方法”，故C項為正確選項。答案C,39.解析根據(jù)39空后面的幾個問題：Whydoyouthinkshe’scrying？Canyoutellhowthatmanisfeelingbylookingathisface？...我們很容易判斷出與F項的askquestions關系密切。故此處要填入F項“我們可以在我們的實際生活中這樣做或者就故事中的角色進行提問”。答案F,40.解析G項“能用有意義的方式交流想法是一項寶貴的技能”是對SelfExpression“自我表達”技能的解釋。expression“表達”與communicate“交流”是該題解答的關鍵。答案G,(五)(2014新課標全國Ⅱ)TipsforCookingonaTightScheduleFrommyexperience，therearethreemainreasonswhypeopledon’tcookmoreoften：ability，money，andtime.16MoneyisatopicI’llsaveforanotherday.SotodayIwanttogiveyousomewisdomabouthowtomakethemostofthetimeyouspendinthekitchen.Herearethreetipsforgreatcookingonatightschedule：,1.Thinkahead.ThemomentswhenIthinkcookingisapainarewhenI’malreadyhungryandthere’snothingreadytoeat.Sothinkaheadofthecomingweek.Whenwillyouhavetimetocook？Doyouhavetherightmaterialsalready？17,2.Makeyourtimeworthit.Whenyoudofindtimetocookameal，makethemostofitandsaveyourselftimelateron.Areyoumakingoneloafofbread？18Ittakesaroundthesameamountoftimetomakemoreofsomething.Sosaveyourselftheeffortforafuturemeal.,3.19Thismaysurpriseyou，butoneofthebesttoolsformakingcookingworthyourtimeisexperimentation.Itgivesyouthechancetohituponnewideasandrecipesthatcanworkwellwithyourappetiteandschedule.Themoreyoulearnandthemoreyoutry，themoreabilityyouhavetotakecontrolofyourfoodandyourschedule.,Hopefullythatgivesyouagoodstart.20Anddon’tletabusyschedulediscourageyoufrommakingsomegreatchangesinthewayyoueatandlive!A.Trynewthings.B.Abilityiseasilyimproved.C.Makethreeorfourinstead.D.Understandyourfoodbetter.E.Cookingisaburdenformanypeople.,F.Letcookingandlivingsimplybeajoyratherthanaburden.G.Alittletimeplanningaheadcansavealotofworklateron.,16.解析空格前面提到了三個原因：ability，money，time。空格后面提到了money是作者改天再討論的話題，緊接著后面提到了怎樣充分利用時間，所以這里應該與第一項ability有關，因此選擇B項(Abilityiseasilyimproved.)，這樣就能做到前后呼應。答案B,17.解析本段的主題句(Thinkahead.)就是提前規(guī)劃，并且段落中出現(xiàn)的信息thinkaheadofthecomingweek和后面問的問題都是強調提前進行規(guī)劃有助于省去將來的大量勞動，與G項的信息一致。答案G,18.解析結合本段的主題句(Makeyourtimeworthit.)可知，要充分利用你的時間，再根據(jù)空格前面的one可知，既然做一個也是做，為什么不多做點兒，以備將來之用呢？因此與C項的信息一致。答案C,19.解析此空需要填一個主題句，它需要概括全段的內容。結合空格后面的信息詞surprise，experimentation，newideas等可知與A項“嘗試新東西”信息一致。答案A,20.解析結合空格前面的agoodstart和后面的don’tletabusyschedulediscourageyoufrommakingsomegreatchanges可知，此處與F項的信息，即“讓做飯和簡單生活成為一種享受，而不是一種負擔”一致。答案F,(六)(2014遼寧)Eyesightplaysaveryimportantroleinourdailylife.Everywakingmoment，theeyesareworkingtoseetheworldaroundus.OverfortypercentofAmericansworryaboutlosingeyesight，butit’seasytoincludestepsintoourdailylifetoensurehealthyeyes.Herearefivesuggestionsforalifetimeofhealthyeyesight：,?Scheduleyearlyexams.36Expertsadviseparentstobringbabies6to12monthsofagetothedoctorforacarefulcheck.Thegoodnewsisthatmillionsofchildrennowcanhaveyearlyeyeexamsandfollowingtreatment，includingeyeglasses.?ProtectagainstUVrays(紫外線).Longtermstayinthesuncreatesrisktoyoureyes.Nomatterwhattheseasonis，it’sextremelyimportanttowearsunglasses.37.,?Giveyoureyesabreak.TwothirdsofAmericansspenduptosevenhoursadayusingcomputersorotherdigitalproducts.38Expertsrecommendthatpeoplepracticethe20/20/20rule：every20minutes，takea20secondbreakandlookatsomething20feetaway.?39Aspartofahealthydiet，eatmorefruitsandvegetableseachday.Vitamins(維生素)CandEhelpprotecteyesightandpromoteeyehealth.,?Practicesafewearandcareofcontactlenses(隱形眼鏡).ManyAmericansusecontactlensestoimprovetheireyesight.Whilesomefollowthemedicalguidanceforwearingcontactlenses，manyarebreakingtherulesandputtingtheireyesightatrisk.40Otherwise，youmayhaveproblemssuchasredeyes，painintheeyes，oramoreseriouscondition.,A.Eatyourgreens.B.Eyecareshouldbeginearlyinlife.C.Theycanproperlyprotectyoureyes.D.Stayingoodshapebytakingmorevitamins.E.Parentsusuallydon’tcareabouttheirowneyesight.F.Alwaysfollowthedoctor’sadviceforappropriatewear.G.Thisfrequenteyeactivityincreasestheriskforeyetiredness.,36.解析空格后面的句子提到了父母應該帶6到12個月大的嬰兒去做檢查，這正好與B項的earlyinlife相匹配。答案B,37.解析做閱讀填空題時一定要注意空格前后句子的內容聯(lián)系。該空前面句子中的sunglasses正好與C項的主語they相匹配，這樣借助于前后句的依存關系，利用代詞的指代查找，便能輕松解題。答案C,38.解析G項中的主語thisfrequenteyeactivity指代的正是空格前面提到的每天花多達7個小時的時間用電腦或其他數(shù)碼產(chǎn)品。答案G,39.解析考查段落主旨句。選擇主旨句時一定要注意該句能概括本段的大意。該段主要是說保護眼睛的飲食問題，關鍵詞diet和eat也是提示。答案A,40.解析know-how類說明文中otherwise前面往往都要交代做法，多用祈使句形式。本段的主旨句部分中又出現(xiàn)了safewear這一關鍵詞，據(jù)此不難判斷出正確答案為F。答案F,(七)(2014北京)EvaluatingSources(來源)ofHealthInformationMakinggoodchoicesaboutyourownhealthrequiresreasonableevaluation.Akeyfirststepinbetteringyourevaluationabilityistolookcarefullyatyoursourcesofhealthinformation.Reasonableevaluationincludesknowingwhereandhowtofindrelevantinformation，howtoseparatefactfromopinion，howtorecognizepoorreasoning，andhowtoanalyzeinformationandthereliabilityofsources.71,Gototheoriginalsource.Mediareportsoftensimplifytheresultsofmedicalresearch.Findoutforyourselfwhatastudyreallyreported，anddeterminewhetheritwasbasedongoodscience.Thinkaboutthetypeofstudy.72Watchformisleadinglanguage.Somestudieswillfindthatabehavior“contributesto”oris“associatedwith”anoutcome；thisdoesnotmeanthatacertaincoursemustleadtoacertainresult.73Carefullyreadorlistentoinformationinordertofullyunderstandit.,Useyourcommonsense.Ifareportseemstoogoodtobetrue，probablyitis.Beespeciallycarefulofinformationcontainedinadvertisements.74Evaluate“scientific”statementscarefully，andbeawareofquackery(江湖騙術).75Friendsandfamilymemberscanbeagreatsourceofideasandinspiration，buteachofusneedstofindahealthylifestylethatworksforus.,Developingtheabilitytoevaluatereasonablyandindependentlyabouthealthproblemswillserveyouwellthroughoutyourlife.A.Makechoicesthatarerightforyou.B.Thegoalofanadistosellyousomething.C.Besuretoworkthroughthecriticalquestions.D.Andexaminethefindingsoftheoriginalresearch.E.Distinguishbetweenresearchreportsandpublichealthadvice.,F.Beawarethatinformationmayalsobeincorrectlyexplainedbyanauthor’spointofview.G.Thefollowingsuggestionscanhelpyousortthroughthehealthinformationyoureceivefromcommonsources.,71.解析通讀全文可知，本文為“總——分——總”結構。第一段簡要提出我們要學會分析來自各種渠道的健康信息，下文接著就如何對這些信息進行分類整理給予一些建議。答案G,72.解析根據(jù)該段作為主題句的第一句Gototheoriginalsource.(去探尋最初的來源。)可知，這一段都是圍繞這個話題展開的，D項中的theoriginalresearch與主題句相照應。答案D,73.解析F項與第三段的主題句Watchformisleadinglanguage.相關，其中incorrectlyexplained與misleading相照應。答案F,74.解析由空格前的Beespeciallycarefulofinformationcontainedinadvertisements.(對廣告中所包含的信息一定要特別當心。)及該段中的beawareofquackery(警惕江湖騙術)可知，B項(廣告的目的是賣出商品)符合該段語境。為了達到這個目的，商品的廣告中可能包含虛假信息。答案B,75.解析由該段中buteachofusneedstofindahealthylifestylethatworksforus可知，盡管我們有來自家人及朋友的大量信息，但歸根結底還是要依靠我們自己來作出正確的選擇。答案A,