一,二,三,四,代詞是用來代替名詞或名詞短語的詞。代詞在語篇中的作用非常重要,它是基于語篇層次上的一個語法范疇。語篇的連貫依靠銜接關系來建立,而代詞在語篇中的上下文照應關系是語篇銜接的最重要手段之一。,二,三,四,一,一、誤用與漏用代詞要和所指代的名詞在性、數(shù)、人稱上保持一致。有些動詞有特殊用法,其后需要接物主代詞或反身代詞,此時不能漏用。1.物主代詞英語中的物主代詞根據(jù)句法功能分為形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞。前者只能在句中作定語,后者可以在句中作主語、賓語或表語等。Theroomisntours.Itstheirs.Mycarisunderrepair.MayIuseyours?注意:名詞性物主代詞=形容詞性物主代詞+名詞Lookatthetwopencils.Theredoneisyoursandtheblueoneismine.=Lookatthetwopencils.Theredoneisyourpencilandtheblueoneismypencil.,二,三,四,一,2.物主代詞的漏用有些在英語中必須要用的物主代詞在漢語中往往無須表達,注意此時不要漏掉英語中的物主代詞。如:她做晚飯時弄傷了手指。誤:Shecutfingerwhilecookingsupper.正:Shecutherfingerwhilecookingsupper.(3)有無物主代詞意思的區(qū)別有些表達用不用物主代詞都可以,但是意思不一樣,此時注意不要受相似結(jié)構(gòu)和短語的影響而用錯物主代詞。如:不管你做什么你都不要灰心。誤:Dontloseyourheartwhateveryoudo.正:Dontloseheartwhateveryoudo.loseheart與loseonesheart僅差一個物主代詞,意思截然不同:前者意為“灰心、泄氣”;后者意為“愛上、鐘情于”。,二,三,四,一,二、反身代詞1.作動詞的賓語常跟在enjoy,teach,hurt,buy,introduce,seat,dress,express,behave等動詞后作賓語。如:HeisteachinghimselfEnglish.他在自學英語。Heseatedhimselfbythewindow.他在窗子旁坐下。Helpyourselftosomefruit.吃點水果吧。與反身代詞連用的常見動詞搭配如下:absentoneselffrom缺席accustomoneselfto熱心于adaptoneselfto適應于addictoneselfin沉溺于,二,三,四,一,amuseoneselfwith/by以自娛applyoneselfto致力于bendoneselfto熱衷于breakoneselfof去掉習慣chargeoneselfwith承擔concernoneselfwith關心;忙于confineoneselfto局限于devoteoneselfto致力于dressoneselfin穿著engageoneselfin從事于engageoneselfto同訂婚enjoyoneself過得愉快freeoneselfof擺脫,二,三,四,一,giveoneselfto熱衷于helponeselfto隨意吃loseoneselfin入迷occupyoneselfwith從事prepareoneselffor準備ridoneselfof除去exposeoneselfto暴露于;遭受throwoneselfto投身于,二,三,四,一,2.作介詞的賓語常在by,for,to,of等介詞后作賓語。byoneself單獨地;獨自地;靠自己tooneself獨自享用,不與他人共享foroneself為自己,代表自己;獨自地ofitself自動地initself本身;本質(zhì)上betweenourselves咱們私下說說(不足為外人道)cometooneself蘇醒;恢復情緒saytooneself心里想talktooneself自言自語,二,三,四,一,3.作主語或賓語的同位語,主要起加強語氣的作用,譯作“親自,本身,本人”。如:Theworkitselfiseasy.這工作本身很容易。(itself作主語thework的同位語)DidyouseeMr.Wanghimself?你見過王先生本人嗎?(himself作賓語Mr.Wang的同位語)4.作表語:在be,feel,look,seem等系動詞后作表語,表示身體或精神狀態(tài)處于正常。如:Imnotmyselftoday.今天我感覺不舒服。Iamfeelingmyselfagain.我覺得健康如昔。,二,三,四,一,5.用于一些簡短的會話用語或固定說法中。如:Helpyourself!請隨便吃吧!請自己去取吧!Makeyourselfathome!別客氣!Dontupsetyourself!別自尋煩惱!Makeyourselfheard/understood.使你的話被人聽得見/理解。,二,三,四,一,二,三,四,一,Icantfindmypen.Haveyouseenit?我找不到我的鋼筆了,你看到過它嗎?Icantfindmypen.IthinkImustbuyone.我找不到我的鋼筆了,我想我得去買一支。Iwantverymuchtoseethesefilms,especiallytheoneyoumentioned.我很想看這些電影,特別是你提到的那一部。Youretheonewhoknowswheretogo.只有你知道該到哪里去。TheweatherofBeijingiscolderthanthatofGuangzhou.北京的天氣比廣州的冷。Doyouknowtheoneswhomovedhererecently?你認識最近搬到這兒來的那些人嗎?,二,三,四,一,Itsuptoustohelpthoseinneed.我們有責任幫助那些有困難的人。Itissaidthatthosewhoeatthemostaretheleasthealthy.據(jù)說吃得最多的人身體最差。,二,三,四,一,四、it的用法it可用作人稱代詞、指示代詞、先行詞及引導詞等。1.代指前文已提到過的一個事物。如:Thatvaseisvaluable.Itsmorethan200yearsold.那個花瓶很珍貴,它有200多年的歷史。2.當說話者不清楚或無必要知道說話對象的性別時,也可用it來表示。如:Itsalovelybaby.Isitaboyoragirl?寶寶真可愛,是男孩還是女孩?3.it作沒有具體意義的主語,出現(xiàn)于表示天氣、氣候、溫度、時間、地點、距離等意義的句子中。如:Itissixmilestothenearesthospitalfromhere.這里離最近的醫(yī)院也有六英里。,二,三,四,一,4.it也常用來表示一般的籠統(tǒng)的情況。如:Howisitgoingwithyou?你近況如何?Whenitcomestosavingenergy,bigchangesstartwithsmallsteps,liketurningoffthelights.當提到節(jié)能的時候,大變化從細微的行動開始,比如隨手關燈。5.it充當形式主語或形式賓語。it充當形式主語或形式賓語,本身無意義,只起一種先行引導的作用。后面的真正主語或真正賓語通常是不定式結(jié)構(gòu)、v.-ing或名詞性從句。如:Itisgettinghardereverydayforalazymantomakealiving.懶漢謀生是日益困難了。(it作形式主語)Wemustmakeitcleartothepublicthatsomethingshouldbedonetostoppollution.我們必須使公眾明白應該采取措施制止污染。(it作形式賓語),二,三,四,一,it充當形式賓語的句型結(jié)構(gòu)主語+consider,regard,suppose,think,believe,make,feel,find,know+it+賓語補足語(名詞或形容詞)+todosth.it充當形式主語的常用句型Ittakessb.sometime/money/troubletodosth.Itcostssb.somemoney/time/energy/labourtodosth.Itisadj.forsb.todosth.(形容詞用來指明某事)Itisadj.ofsb.todosth.(形容詞用來指明人的情況)Itisnogood/nouse/useless/worthwhile/fun/awasteoftime+v.-ingIt+be+過去分詞+that.It+seems/appears/happens等不及物動詞及短語+that.,二,三,四,一,6.it用于強調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)。其基本句型為:It+is/was+被強調(diào)部分+that/who+其他.。ItisIwhohavedoneit.是我做的這件事。ItwasatthattimethatIthoughtofgivinghimacall.直到那時我才想起要給他一個電話。7.it還可在介詞后作賓語,再通過that引導賓語從句。常見的動詞短語有seeto,relyon,dependon等。如:Youmaydependonitthattheywillsupportyou.你相信好了,他們會支持你的。Theywillanswerforitthatthecomputerisreliable.他們愿意保證這臺電腦是可靠的。,二,三,四,一,8.it用在不能直接跟賓語從句的動詞(詞組),尤其是表示“好惡”等的心理方面的動詞后。如:enjoy,like,love,appreciate,dislike,hate等。即這些動詞(詞組)后的賓語從句前要加it。如:Ilikeitwhentheskyisclearandbrightinautumn.我喜歡秋高氣爽的時候。,.完成句子(高考真題變式訓練)1.Youcanaskanyoneforhelp.hereiswillingtolendyouahand.2.Whosthatatthedoor?isthemilkman.3.Insomecountries,peopleeatwithchopsticks,whilein,knivesandforks.4.WhenshallIcall,inthemorningorafternoon?.Illbeinallday.5.Susanmadecleartomethatshewishedtomakeanewlifeforherself.6.Idappreciateifyoucouldletmeknowinadvancewhetherornotyouwillcome.7.ShedlivedinLondonandManchester,butshelikedandmovedtoCambridge.,Everyone/Everybody,It,others,Either,it,it,neither,8.Anaverageofjust18.75cmofrainfelllastyear,makingthedriestyearsinceCaliforniabecameastatein1850.9.Asmilecosts,butgivesmuch.10.Toherjoy,Dellaearnedfirstthetrustofherstudentsandthenofhercolleagues.,it,nothing,that,.單句改錯1.IdreamconstantlythatI,alongwithmineclassmates,willstudyhappilywiththehelpoftherespectableprofessors.2.Isincerelyhopeyoucangiveusachance.Imlookingforwardtoyourearlyreply.3.ThecostofrentingahouseincentralBeijingishigherthanitinanyotherareaofthecity.4.Everyyear,millionsofpeoplevisitthePalaceMuseum,andmanyofthoseareforeigners.,答案:minemy,答案:usme,答案:itthat,答案:thosethem,5.Peoplesaymoneyistherootofallevils,butIbelievemoneyhimselfisnotbad.6.Weenjoyedverymuchatthepartylastnight.7.Variousanimalshaveshellsthatkeepthemselvesfrombeinghurt.8.Thereisapitythatsheisgoingtoleave,whichmakesusallverysad.9.Yes,whatisdifficulttofindajobnowadays,butwhatismoredifficultistotrytofindsuchagoodone.10.Youmaydependonthathewillturnupintime.,答案:himselfitself,答案:enjoyed后加ourselves,答案:themselvesthem,答案:ThereIt,答案:第一個whatit,答案:on后加it,