Beforeastudentgetsthehangofhowtouseidiomsandproverbs,hellmakealotofmistakes.Somemistakeswillcausepeopletoholdtheirsideswithlaughter,butthatshouldntputhiminastew.Heshouldlearntoputupwithsuchthings.Youmightsayifyouwanttolearnaforeignlanguagewell,thatspartofthegame.,在熟知這些成語的用法前，很多人一定會犯不少錯誤.有些錯誤會使人發(fā)笑.但不必著急，對這種事要有耐性.可以說，學(xué)好外語，就得這樣.,lookout,東西,吃軟不吃硬-bullytheweakbutyieldtoonewhofightsback-tobeopentopersuasion,butnottocoercion,布衣素食-wearcottonclothesandeatvegetablefood-coarseclothesandsimplefare,getthehangof,holdonessideswithlaughter,putsomeoneinastew,putupwithsomething,partofthegame,事情就是這樣,忍受（某事）,使某人煩惱（為難,著急）,捧腹大笑,熟悉；得知,Chapter2IdiomsandProverbs,Whatareidiomsandproverbs?,Chinesemeaning:成語和諺語,InChinese:四字成語,InEnglish:setphrases,idiom:agroupofwordsinafixedorderhavingaparticularmeaning,whichisdifferentfromthemeaningsofeachwordunderstoodonitsownandmustbelearntasawholeunit.,proverb:shortwell-knownsayingthatstatesageneraltruthorgivesadvice.,Theyarewell-knownsetphrasesorshortsentences,expressingsupposedtruth,wisdomormorallessons.Theyarespecialinstructurewhichsometimesmakestheminexplicablelogicallyorgrammatically.Theycanreflectvividlyanationsgeography,history,itspeopleslifeexperience,socialviews,thinkingandconceptsaswellasliterature.,.Similarity,A.Humanexperiencesandobservations,andevenhistoryareinmanyaspectssimilar,whichmakestheexpressionsandtheirmeaningssimilar:,Strikewhiletheironishot.,Manyhandsmakelightwork.,Hastemakeswaste.,Outofsight,outofmind.,眼不見，心不煩.,欲速則不達(dá).,人多好辦事.,趁熱打鐵.,Lookbeforeyouleap.,三思而后行.,Morehaste,lessspeed.,Birdsofafeatherflocktogether.,物以類聚，人以群分.,Thingsofakindcometogether,peopleofamindfallintothesamegroup.,Likeattractslike.,Hemostliveswhothinksmost,feelsthenoblestandactsthebest.,Putnotyourhandbetweenthebarkandthetree.,思想深刻,情感高尚,品行端正者活的最好.,別人家中事,最好別插手./不要多管閑事.,Pridegoesbeforeafall.,驕兵必敗,Lifeisnotabedofroses.,生活并不總是充滿鮮花,Twoofatradeneveragree.,同行多嫉妒.,Itsnotthebeardthatmakesthephilosopher.,有志不在年高.,Preventionisbetterthancure.,Givehimaninchandhelltakeamile.,Longhairandshortwit.,Allgoodthingsmustcometoanend.,天下沒有不散的宴席.,頭發(fā)長，見識短,得寸進(jìn)尺.,預(yù)防勝過治療.,Fireprovesgold,adversityprovesmen.,Liveandlearn.,烈火顯真金，逆境識英雄,活到老，學(xué)到老.,Bloodisthickerthanwater.,Wallhasears.,血濃于水,隔墻有耳,Goldenwordsoffendtheears.,忠言逆耳.,Ifyouwouldnotbeknowntodoanything,neverdoit.若要人不知，除非己莫為Inunityhereisstrength.團(tuán)結(jié)就是力量Timeismoney.時間就是金錢.Hewhosebellyisfullbelievesnothimwhoisfasting.飽漢不知餓漢饑Easiersaidthandone./(Its)easiertosaythantodo.說時容易做時難Idlenessistherootofallevil.懶惰是萬惡之源Brevityisthesoulofwit.簡潔是智慧的精髓.Practicemakesperfect.熟能生巧.Hewhohasnottastedbitterknowsnotwhatsweetis.吃得苦中苦,方知甜上甜.Goodluckwouldnevercomeinpairs.福不雙至,B.InEnglish,someidiomsandproverbsareborrowedfromotherlanguagesanditisthesamewithChinese.,1.EnglishborrowedfromChinese,toloseonesface丟面子,papertiger紙老虎,tosaveonesface保面子,2.ChineseborrowedfromEnglish:,aneyeforaneye,atoothforatooth以眼還眼，以牙還牙,armedtotheteeth武裝到牙齒,awolfinthesheepsclothing披著羊皮的狼,turnoveranewleaf揭開新的一頁,Theeyeisthewindowofthemind.眼睛是心靈的窗戶.,C.Similarsources:,Fromreligiousworks.Olivebranch-Bible-Genesis,scapegoat-Bible-Leviticus;eyeforeye,toothfortooth-OldTestament-Exodus.現(xiàn)身說法；放下屠刀，立地成佛；五體投地,.Fromlegendandmythology.PandorasBox-GreekMythology;AchillesHeel;開天辟地；精衛(wèi)填海,.Fromfable.Awolfinsheepsclothing;sourGrapes:狐假虎威,.Fromhistoricaleventsandstories.MeetonesWaterloo;項莊舞劍，意在沛公；鞠躬盡瘁，死而后已；水落石出,totalkhorse,.Dissimilarity,A.Similarinmeaningbutdifferentinmetaphor:,tobreakabutterflyonthewheel,aratinhole,甕中之鱉,likeadrownedrat,tolookforaneedleinthehay,tofishintheair,像只落湯雞,吹牛,大海撈針,水底撈月,殺雞用牛刀；小題大做,tobeataroundthebush,旁敲側(cè)擊；轉(zhuǎn)彎抹角,tokick/hitamanwhenheisdown,Anidleyouth,aneedy(貧困的)age.,onceinabluemoon,tocryupwineandsellvinegar,totreaduponeggs,diamondcutdiamond,Justicehaslongarms.,Theburntchilddreadsthefire.,千載難逢,掛羊頭，賣狗肉,如履薄冰,棋逢對手,落井下石,天網(wǎng)恢恢，疏而不漏.,一遭被蛇咬，十年怕井繩.,少壯不努力，老大徒傷悲.,Manyheadsarebetterthanone.,Theproofofthepudding-梨isintheeating.,三個臭皮匠，頂個諸葛亮.,空談不如實踐,Betterbetheheadofadogthanthetailofalion.寧做雞頭，不做鳳尾Theearlybirdcatchestheworm.早起的鳥兒有蟲吃.Theforemostdogcatchesthehare.捷足先登./先下手為強(qiáng).Clumsybirdshavetostartearly.笨鳥先飛.Everypotterpraiseshisownpot.老王賣瓜，自賣自夸toblowonesownhorn/trumpet自吹自擂.Thefoxpreysfarthestfromhome.兔子不吃窩邊草Oneswallowdoesnotmakeasummer.一花獨(dú)放不是春Onedropofpoisoninfectsthewholetonofwine.一顆老鼠屎壞了一鍋粥Setafoxtokeeponesgeese.引狼入室Whatdoyouexpectfromapigbutagrunt?狗嘴里吐不出象牙.Hethatcomesofahenmustscrape.老鼠的兒子會打洞Whenthecatsaway,themicewillplay.山中無老虎，猴子稱大王Giveadogabadnameandhanghim.欲加之罪，何患無詞.Loveme,lovemydog.愛屋及烏.Everydoghashisday.瓦片也有翻身日；人人都有得意時.,Theleopardcanneverchangeitsspot.本性難移.Alittlepotissoonhot.壺小易熱，量小易怒.Letbeggarsmatchwithbeggars.門當(dāng)戶對./龍配龍,鳳配風(fēng).Dontputthecartbeforethehorse.勿本末倒置.Finefeathersdonotmakefinebirds.人不可貌相.Killtwobirdswithonestone.一石擊二鳥；一箭雙雕.EverydayisnotSunday.好境不長.Faithwillmovemountains.精誠所至，金石為開.Barkingdogsdonotbite.嘴狠手軟./刀子嘴豆腐心.Anewbroomsweepsclean.新官上任三把火.Onecannotmakeasilkpurseoutofasowsear.巧婦難為無米之炊.Whatweloseinhakeweshallhaveinherring.失之東隅，收之桑榆.Beautifulflowersaresoonpicked.紅顏多薄命.Asyoumakeyourbed,soyoumustlieonit.自作自受，作繭自縛.Arollingstonegathersnomoss.滾石不生苔,轉(zhuǎn)業(yè)不聚財.Talkofthedevil,andhessuretoappear.Speakofangels,andyouwillheartheirwings.說曹操,曹操到.,B.Similarinmeaningbutdifferentinexpression:,Sinkorswim.,自作自受.,Whospitsagainstheaven,itfallsinhisface.,知足者常樂.,Enoughisasgoodasafeast,寧可信其有，不可信其無,Bettertobesurethansorry.,失之毫厘，謬以千里,Amissisasgoodasamile.,機(jī)不可失.,Opportunityseldomknockstwice.,博而不專,Jackofalltrades,masterofnone.,不吃苦中苦，難得人上人,Hethathadnocrossdeservesnocrown.,不進(jìn)則退,Romewasnotbuiltinaday.,冰凍三尺非一日之寒.,Wheretheressmoketheresfire.,無風(fēng)不起浪.,Topayhimbackinhisowncoin.,Anunfortunatemanwouldbedrownedinatea-cup.,-人倒霉喝涼水都塞牙.,Ittakestwotomakeaquarrel.,一個巴掌拍不響.,Failuresarethepillarsofsuccess.,失敗是成功之母.,Truthneedsnotmanywords.,有理不在聲高.,以其人之道，還治其人之身.,C.Someidiomsandproverbsarecommoninonelanguagebutcompletelyabsentintheother:,1.InEnglish:,tomeetonesWaterloo,GoDutch.,各人自己付錢.,Thelaststrawbentthecamel.,超出忍耐的極限；忍無可忍,Anappleadaykeepsthedoctoraway.,多吃蘋果少得病.,keeponesfingerscrossed,希望好運(yùn)；祈求吉利,bebornwithasilverspooninonesmouth,生在富貴人家,pullthewooloversomeoneseyes,蒙騙某人,putonesfootinonesmouth,說錯話；做錯事,遭到慘敗,2.InChinese:,-Neitheradjustyourshoeinamelonpatch,noryourhatunderaplum-tree-topreventfrombeingconsideredathief,-well-thought-outplan/idea,胸有成竹,盲人瞎馬,-Ablindmanonablindhorse-rushingheadlongtodisaster,-Eventhedogswaggerwhenitsmasterwinsfavor.,一人得道，雞犬升天,-Courtdoormayopen,butnottothepoor,衙門自古朝南開，有理無錢莫進(jìn)來,瓜田不納履，李下不整冠,InChinese,thereisaspecialexpressioncalledthetwo-partsaying.Itisformedbyashortstatementandatagphrasetogiveafurtherexplanationorcommentthatbringsoutthewitorhumor.Thetwo-partsayingdoesnotexistinEnglish.,theEightImmortalscrossthesea-eachdisplayinghisspecialprowess;peopledoingthesamejob,buteachinhisownspecialway,anddoingitwell,茶壺里煮餃子-倒不出來,boilingdumplingsinateapot-nowaytogetthemout;haveideasbutcantexpressthemorally,八仙過海-各顯神通,狗拿耗子-多管閑事,Adogcatchingamouse-pokingonesnoseintootherpeoplesbusiness,雞蛋里挑骨頭-故意找錯,Pickingbonesfromeggs-findingfaultdeliberately,貓哭老鼠-假慈悲,Acatcryingoveramousesmisfortune-fakemercy,門縫里瞅人-把人看扁了,Gazingatsomeonefrombehindaslightlyopeneddoor-takinganarrowviewofaperson,泥菩薩過河-自身難保,AclayBuddhacrossingastream-hardlyabletosavehimself,竹籃打水-一場空,千里送鵝毛-禮輕情意重,Travelathousandmilestobestowagoosefeather-asmallgiftbutatokenofprofoundfriendship,鐵打的公雞-一毛不拔,Anironrooster-notafeathercanbepulledout;skinflint,兔子的尾巴-長不了,Aharestail-cannotbe/lastlong,外甥打燈籠-照舊（舅）,Thenephewholdsalanternforhisuncle-thingsstayunchanged,啞巴吃黃連-有苦說不出,Adumbpersontastingbitterherb-unabletoexpressbitterfeelings,Drawingwaterwithabamboobasket,drawwaterinasieve-achievingnothing,D.Someexpressionsseemtobeequivalentinmeaningonthesurfaceandsomearedifficulttounderstandbecausetheirliteralmeaningsoundsstrangetoaforeigner.,tohavewordswithsb.,Ittakestwotomakeaquarrel.,Amissisasgoodasamile.,-toquarrelortohaveanangrydiscussionwithsb.,和某人說話和某人吵架爭吵,-Ittakesmorethanonepersontoachieveanythingsignificant.,一個巴掌拍不響,-InChinese,itisawarning;inEnglish,itmerelystateafact,oraphilosophicattitude.,失之毫厘，謬以千里,toeatswallowoneswords,自食其言收回前言，承認(rèn)錯了見ppt27,gildingthelily,Thepotcallsthekettleblack.,直譯：給百合花貼金,-spoilingsth.whichisalreadyfineorgoodbyaddingsth.inattempttomakeitbetter,直譯：鍋笑壺黑,五十步笑一百步,-Onetriestoaccuseanotheroffaultssimilartothosecommittedbyhimself.,-addingsth.tomakeagoodthingevenbetter,-Twohavemistakesbutonehaslessthananother.,錦上添花,畫蛇添足,烏鴉笑豬黑,e.g.Sheaccusedusofbeingextravagant-talkaboutthepotcallingthekettleblack.,togetakickoutof/from(doing)something,toblowonesownhorn(ortrumpet),-togetpleasurefromdoingsth.,各吹各的號,-topraiseonesownabilitiesandachievements,e.g.Igotakickoutofwatchingthosekidsperform;theirplaymademerealizehowstrangeandfunnywegrownupsmustseemtothem,e.g.Ifhessosuccessful，whydoeshehavetokeepblowinghisowntrumpet？,被踢出去,欣賞或從中得到極大愉快,自吹自擂,令人發(fā)指,tomakeoneshairstandonend,tomakeonesbloodboil氣憤,令人毛骨驚然害怕,Thesightmadehishairstandonendhethoughtitwashisdeadbrothersghost.,e.g.Thenewsaboutthesecorruptofficialsmadeeveryonesbloodboil.,自食其言,toeatonesownwords,tobreakonespromise,收回自己說的話,HetoldeveryonehewasabsolutelycertainthathisarticlewouldbepublishedbytheTimes，butwhentheletterofrejectioncame，hehadtoeathisownwords.,e.g.Nownobodywillbelievehim,becausehehasthehabitofbreakinghisownwords.,topullsb.sleg,拖后腿,愚弄某人,和某人開玩笑,hinder,bedragon,abigfishinasmallpond,e.g.-Imjustpullingyourleg.-Dontpullmyleg.Thereissomethingwrongwithmyleg.-Dontpullmyleg.Immovingsohard.,小塘容不下大魚,小地方或小范圍內(nèi)的大人物,林無鳥，雀為王,