2019-2020年高考英語大一輪復(fù)習(xí) 人與自然 第二節(jié)真題精練（含解析）Step One真題體驗(yàn)(xx新課標(biāo)全國閱讀理解A)Arriving in Sydney on his own from India，my husband，Rashid，stayed in a hotel for a short time while looking for a house for me and our children.During the first week of his stay，he went out one day to do some shopping.He came back in the late afternoon to discover that his suitcase was gone.He was extremely worried as the suitcase had all his important papers，including his passport.He reported the case to the police and then sat there，lost and lonely in a strange city，thinking of the terrible troubles of getting all the paperwork organised again from a distant country while trying to settle down in a new one.Late in the evening，the phone rang.It was a stranger.He was trying to pronounce my husbands name and was asking him a lot of questions.Then he said they had found a pile of papers in their trash can(垃圾桶) that had been left out on the footpath.My husband rushed to their home to find a kind family holding all his papers and documents.Their young daughter had gone to the trash can and found a pile of unfamiliar papers.Her parents had carefully sorted them out，although they had found mainly foreign addresses on most of the documents.At last they had seen a halfwritten letter in the pile in which my husband had given his new telephone number to a friend.That family not only restored the important documents to us that day but also restored our faith and trust in people.We still remember their kindness and often send a warm wish their way.1What did Rashid plan to do after his arrival in Sydney?AGo shopping. BFind a house.CJoin his family. DTake a vacation.答案B解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Arriving in Sydney on his own from India，my husband，Rashid，stayed in a hotel for a short time while looking for a house for me and our children.”可知，作者的丈夫只身從印度來到了悉尼，住在旅館里，同時(shí)給作者和孩子們尋找房子住，因此選擇B項(xiàng)。2The girls parents got Rashids phone number from .Aa friend of his family Ba Sydney policemanCa letter in his papers Da stranger in Sydney答案C解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段的最后一句“At last they had seen a halfwritten letter in the pile in which my husband had given his new telephone number to a friend.”可知，小女孩的父母是從作者的丈夫?qū)懡o一位朋友的信中得到了他的電話號碼，因此選擇C項(xiàng)。3What does the underlined word “restored” in the last paragraph mean?AShowed. BSent out.CDelivered. DGave back.答案D解析詞義猜測題。根據(jù)畫線詞后面的“.the important documents to us that day but also restored our faith and trust in people.”以及全文是圍繞作者丈夫的文件失而復(fù)得這一主線展開敘述的可知，gave back (歸還，交還)是最佳答案。4Which of the following can be the best title for the text?AFrom India to AustraliaBLiving in a New CountryCTurning Trash to TreasureDIn Search of New Friends答案C解析標(biāo)題歸納題。本文主要記敘了作者的丈夫來到悉尼之后，有一天發(fā)現(xiàn)自己的手提箱丟失了，里面有自己的全部重要文件包括護(hù)照。正當(dāng)作者的丈夫一籌莫展的時(shí)候，一位當(dāng)?shù)氐哪吧私o他打來電話，告訴他說他們的女兒在垃圾桶里撿到了這些文件，這些本來可能被當(dāng)作垃圾扔掉的文件最后卻回到了失主手中，這讓作者一家很欣喜，同時(shí)也讓他們重拾對人們的信任等，所以這些都是寶貴的財(cái)富，因此選Turning Trash to Treasure，這正是本文的主題所在。Step Two找出信息句學(xué)會(huì)分析1(1題信息句)Arriving in Sydney on his own from India，my husband，Rashid，stayed in a hotel for a short time while looking for a house for me and our children.分析：本句的主干為：my husband，Rashid，stayed in a hotel for a short time。在句子前面，現(xiàn)在分詞短語arriving in.在句中作伴隨狀語；句子的后半部分為while引導(dǎo)的省略句，連詞while后省略了主語和謂語he was。翻譯：從印度只身抵達(dá)悉尼以后，我的丈夫拉希德在酒店里短暫逗留，為我和我們的孩子們找房子。2(2題信息句)At last they had seen a halfwritten letter in the pile in which my husband had given his new telephone number to a friend.分析：in which 引導(dǎo)定語從句my husband had given his new telephone number to a friend修飾先行詞a halfwritten letter。翻譯：最后，他們在一堆文件中看到了一封寫了一半的信，在信中我丈夫把他的新電話號碼給了他的一個(gè)朋友。3(3題信息句)That family not only restored the important documents to us that day but also restored our faith and trust in people.分析：本句中的謂語部分是由not only.but also.組成的一個(gè)并列結(jié)構(gòu)。要注意當(dāng)not only放在句首的時(shí)候，要使用部分倒裝的形式。本句可以改為：Not only did the family restore the important documents to us that day but also restored our faith and trust in people.。翻譯：那家人不僅僅歸還了這些重要的文件，而且還重塑了我們對人的信任。Step Three深度閱讀與拓展訓(xùn)練任務(wù)型閱讀篇章結(jié)構(gòu)Step Four知識積累1for a short time臨時(shí)的；短暫的2look for尋找3go out出去，外出；熄滅；過時(shí)4think of記起，想起；考慮；想像5get.organised組織好6settle down定居；安定下來；專心于7report the case to the police報(bào)警8leave out把留在外面；遺漏，省略9sort.out分類；整理10faith in對的信任；對有信仰；對有信心真題精選對應(yīng)訓(xùn)練(xx福建閱讀理解A)It was Mothers Day morning last year and I was doing shopping at our local supermarket with my fiveyearold son，Tenyson.As we were leaving，we found that only minutes earlier an elderly woman had fallen over at the entrance and had hit her head on the concrete.Her husband was with her，but there was blood everywhere and the woman was embarrassed and clearly in shock.Walking towards the scene，Tenyson became very upset about what had happened to the couple.He said to me，“Mum，its not much fun falling over in front of everyone.”At the front of the supermarket，a charity(慈善) group had set up a stand selling cooked sausages and flowers to raise funds.Tenyson suggested that we should buy the lady a flower.“It will make her feel better，” he said.I was amazed that hed e up with this sweet idea.So we went over to the flower seller and asked her if we could buy a flower for the lady to cheer her up.“Just take it，” she replied.“I cant take your money for such a wonderful gesture.”By now paramedics(急救人員) had arrived，and were attending to the injured woman.As we walked up to her，my son became intimidated by all the blood and medical equipment.He said he was just too scared to go up to her.Instead I gave the flower to the womans husband and told him，“My son was very upset for your wife and wanted to give her this flower to make her feel better.”At that，the old man started crying and said，“Thank you so much，you have a wonderful son.Happy Mothers Day to you.”The man then bent down and gave his wife the flower，telling her who it was from.Though badly hurt and shaken，the old lady looked up at Tenyson with love in her eyes and gave him a little smile.56What does the author intend to tell us?AOne can never be too careful.BActions speak louder than words.CLove begins with a little smile.DA small act of kindness brings a great joy.答案D解析推理判斷題。作者在文章中講述了兒子為一位摔倒的老太太買了一朵花以使她高興起來這件小事，因此選項(xiàng)D符合題意。A項(xiàng)“一個(gè)人再怎么小心也不過分”；B項(xiàng)“行動(dòng)勝過語言”；C項(xiàng)“愛始于一個(gè)小小的微笑”，都與文章描述的內(nèi)容不符合。57Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?AThe elderly woman was knocked down by Tenyson.BTenysons idea of buying a flower gained his mothers support.CTenysons care for the elderly woman puzzled the flower seller.DThe elderly woman was moved to tears by Tenysons gesture.答案B解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第二句“As we were leaving，we found that only minutes earlier an elderly woman had fallen over at the entrance.”可知老太太不是Tenyson撞倒的，由此排除A項(xiàng)；根據(jù)第三段第四、五句可知Tenyson想買花的想法得到了“我”的支持，所以B項(xiàng)正確；由第三段最后一句可知C項(xiàng)說法不正確；根據(jù)文章最后一句可排除D項(xiàng)。58The underlined word “intimidated” in the fourth paragraph probably means “ ”Aastonished BstruckCfrightened Dexcited答案C解析詞義猜測題。根據(jù)畫線單詞后一句中的too scared(很害怕)以及下一段中的“Instead I gave the flower to the womans husband.”可知，5歲的Tenyson害怕血和醫(yī)療設(shè)備，所以選C項(xiàng)。59What would be the best title for the passage?AFlower PowerBMothers DayCAn Accidental InjuryDAn Embarrassing Moment答案A解析標(biāo)題歸納題。文中提到了Tenyson買花送給摔倒的老太太，老太太深受感動(dòng)，由此可知本文的最佳題目是“花的力量”，因此選A項(xiàng)。B項(xiàng)“母親節(jié)”，題目過大；C項(xiàng)“一次意外的受傷”，內(nèi)涵較小，它只是本文表達(dá)主旨大意的載體；D項(xiàng)“一個(gè)尷尬的時(shí)刻”與文章的內(nèi)容完全不符。5年真題拓展訓(xùn)練(2)真題深度閱讀訓(xùn)練Step One真題體驗(yàn)(xx新課標(biāo)全國閱讀理解B)Since the first Earth Day in 1970，Americans have gotten a lot “greener” toward the environment.“We didnt know at that time that there even was an environment，let alone that there was a problem with it，” says Bruce Anderson，president of Earth Day USA.But what began as nothing important in public affairs has grown into a social movement.Business people，political leaders，university professors，and especially millions of grassroots Americans are taking part in the movement.“The understanding has increased many，many times，” says Gaylord Nelson，the former governor from Wisconsin，who thought up the first Earth Day.According to US government reports，emissions(排放) from cars and trucks have dropped from 10.3 million tons a year to 5.5 million tons.The number of cities producing CO beyond the standard has been reduced from 40 to 9.Although serious problems still remain and need to be dealt with，the world is a safer and healthier place.A kind of “green thinking” has bee part of practices.Great improvement has been achieved.In 1988 there were only 600 recycling programs；today in 1995 there are about 6,600.Advanced lights，motors，and building designs have helped save a lot of energy and therefore prevented pollution.Twentyfive years ago，there were hardly any education programs for environment.Today，its hard to find a public school，university，or law school that does not have such a kind of program.“Until we do that，nothing else will change！” says Bruce Anderson.5According to Anderson，before 1970，Americans had little idea about .Athe social movementBrecycling techniquesCenvironmental problemsDthe importance of Earth Day答案C解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段的“We didnt know at that time that there even was an environment，let alone that there was a problem with it.”可知，當(dāng)時(shí)美國人對環(huán)境問題沒有足夠的認(rèn)識，因此應(yīng)選擇C項(xiàng)。A項(xiàng)指社會(huì)運(yùn)動(dòng)，與主題不符；B項(xiàng)指回收的技巧，范圍太窄；D項(xiàng)應(yīng)該是環(huán)境的重要性，而不是“地球日”的重要性。6Where does the support for environmental protection mainly e from?AThe grassroots level.BThe business circle.CGovernment officials.DUniversity professors.答案A解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第二句“Business people，political leaders，university professors，and especially millions of grassroots Americans are taking part in the movement.”可知，這里強(qiáng)調(diào)了這個(gè)運(yùn)動(dòng)的支持者應(yīng)該是那些普通的美國民眾，因此答案應(yīng)是A項(xiàng)The grassroots level，從而排除前面提到的那幾類人。7What have Americans achieved in environmental protection?AThey have cut car emissions to the lowest.BThey have settled their environmental problems.CThey have lowered their CO levels in forty cities.DThey have reduced pollution through effective measures.答案D解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。文章第三段的第一句說明了汽車和卡車的尾氣排放量從每年1 030萬噸降到了550萬噸，由此可排除A項(xiàng)；再結(jié)合第二句“一氧化碳排放超標(biāo)的城市從40個(gè)降到了9個(gè)”可知C項(xiàng)是錯(cuò)誤的；根據(jù)第三句提到的“環(huán)境問題依然嚴(yán)峻”可知這個(gè)問題還沒有得到解決，所以排除B項(xiàng)；本段列舉的這些數(shù)字證明了美國人采取了有效措施，減少了環(huán)境污染，因此答案選D項(xiàng)。8What is especially important for environmental protection according to the last paragraph?AEducation. BPlanning.CGreen living. DCO reduction.答案A解析推理判斷題。結(jié)合最后一段提到的“25年以前，在美國幾乎沒有關(guān)于環(huán)境的教育項(xiàng)目，而如今，很難找到?jīng)]有類似項(xiàng)目的公立學(xué)校、大學(xué)或者法學(xué)院了”，再結(jié)合布魯斯所說的“沒有教育，就無法改變環(huán)境問題”等，我們可以推斷出教育(education)的重要性，從而排除了B項(xiàng)“計(jì)劃”、C項(xiàng)“綠色生活”和D項(xiàng)“減少一氧化碳”這幾個(gè)選項(xiàng)。Step Two找出信息句學(xué)會(huì)分析1(5題信息句)“We didnt know at that time that there even was an environment，let alone that there was a problem with it，” says Bruce Anderson，president of Earth Day USA.分析：本句中的動(dòng)詞know后面的that there even was an environment，let alone that there was a problem with it，是賓語從句，其中的let alone更不必說，表示讓步關(guān)系。翻譯：在那時(shí)人們甚至都不知道有“環(huán)境”這個(gè)詞，更不要說知道存在著環(huán)境問題了。美國地球日的總裁Bruce Anderson這樣說。2(7題信息句)The number of cities producing CO beyond the standard has been reduced from 40 to 9.分析：本句中的現(xiàn)在分詞短語producing CO beyond the standard在句中作定語，修飾名詞cities。因?yàn)閮烧咧g在邏輯上存在主動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以使用現(xiàn)在分詞作定語，相當(dāng)于which produce.；另外本句中的the number of “的數(shù)量”，在句中作主語，故謂語動(dòng)詞使用單數(shù)形式。翻譯：一氧化碳排放超標(biāo)的城市的數(shù)量從40個(gè)減少到了9個(gè)。3(8題信息句)Today，its hard to find a public school，university，or law school that does not have such a kind of program.分析：it在句中作形式主語，為避免頭重腳輕的現(xiàn)象，代替真正的主語to find a public school，university，or law school.；that引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾先行詞a public school.，university，or law school，that在定語從句中作主語，也可以換成which，但是不能省略。翻譯：在今天，很難找到一個(gè)沒有這樣的計(jì)劃的公立學(xué)校、大學(xué)、或法學(xué)院。Step Three深度閱讀與拓展訓(xùn)練任務(wù)型閱讀篇章結(jié)構(gòu)閱讀表達(dá)寫作訓(xùn)練假設(shè)你是你校學(xué)生會(huì)主席，針對環(huán)境污染問題，你校學(xué)生會(huì)開展了保護(hù)環(huán)境的號召。請你用英語寫一篇100詞左右的短文，號召你校全體學(xué)生保護(hù)環(huán)境。參考范文On behalf of the School Students Union，I，the Chairman of the Union，am earnestly calling for your active participation in our environmental protection campaign.It is the duty of every global villager；man just can not sustain his glorious civilization without a rewarding environment，which will be possible only if man makes considerable efforts to protect the environment.Do you cherish precious opportunities to volunteer in our joint efforts in environmental protection？Here is a great one not to be missed by any enthusiastic youth.Right next Saturday，our school is to run a publicity campaign to advocate environmental protection across the city.The School Students Union will be in charge of recruitment of volunteers.Lets join our hands and take action immediately.Step Four知識積累1let alone更不必說；聽任；不打擾2begin as作為開始3public affairs公眾事務(wù)4millions of成千上萬的；無數(shù)的5grassroots基層的；基本的；一般民眾的6still remain and need to be dealt with仍然存在并需要處理7take part in參加，參與8therefore因此；所以真題精選對應(yīng)訓(xùn)練(xx天津閱讀理解B)Last nights meteor(流星) shower left many people in the munity dissatisfied and demanding answers.According to Gabe Rothschild，Emerald Valleys mayor，people gathered in the suburbs of the city，carrying heavy telescopes，expecting to watch the brightly burning meteors passing through the sky.What they found instead was a sky so brightened by the citys lights that it darkened the light of the meteors passing overhead.“My family was so frustrated，” admitted town resident Duane Cosby.“We wanted to make this an unforgettable family outing，but it turned out to be a huge disappointment.”Astronomersscientists who study stars and planetshave been plaining about this problem for decades.They say that light pollution prevents them from seeing objects in the sky that they could see quite easily in the past.They call on people and the government to take measures to fight against it.There is yet a population besides professional and amateur star observers that suffers even more from light pollution.This population consists of birds，bats，frogs，snakes，etc.For example，outdoor lighting severely affects migrating(遷徙的)birds.According to the International DarkSky Association，“100 million birds a year throughout North America die in crashes with lighted buildings and towers.”Countless more animal casualties(傷亡)result from the use of artificial lighting.Clearly，people enjoy the benefits of lighting their evenings，but some scientists think it can be harmful for humans，too.They worry that exposure to light while sleeping can increase a persons chances of getting cancer.Emerald Valley is only one munity that is being aware of the negative effects of light pollution.For years，F(xiàn)lagstaff，Arizona，has enforced lighting regulations in its city in order to assist astronomers at the Lowell Observatory.Similar efforts have been made worldwide，and a movement is underway to remind us to turn off lights when we are not using them，so that other creatures can share the night.41It happened last night that .Athe citys lights affected the meteor watchingBthe meteors flew past before being noticedCthe city light show attracted many peopleDthe meteor watching ended up a social outing答案A解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句可判斷選A項(xiàng)。42What do the astronomers plain about?AMeteor showers occur less often than before.BTheir observation equipment is in poor repair.CLight pollution has remained unsolved for years.DTheir eyesight is failing due to artificial lighting.答案C解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第一句和第二句可判斷選C項(xiàng)。43What is the author concerned about according to Paragraph 4? ABirds may take other migration paths.BAnimals living habits may change suddenly.CVarieties of animals will bee sharply reduced.DAnimals survival is threatened by outdoor lighting.答案D解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段可知答案。44Lighting regulations in Flagstaff，Arizona are put into effect to .Alessen the chance of getting cancerBcreate an ideal observation conditionCensure citizens a good sleep at nightDenable all creatures to live in harmony答案B解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第六段第二句“.in order to assist astronomers at the Lowell Observatory.”可知選B項(xiàng)。45What message does the author most want to give us?ASaving wildlife is saving ourselves.BGreat efforts should be made to save energy.CHuman activities should be environmentally friendly.DNew equipment should be introduced for space study.答案C解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段最后一句可推斷作者想告訴我們?nèi)祟惖男袨橐h(huán)保。5年真題拓展訓(xùn)練(3)真題深度閱讀訓(xùn)練Step One真題體驗(yàn)(2011新課標(biāo)全國閱讀理解B)While small may be beautiful，tall is just plain unfortable it seems，particularly when it es to staying in hotels and eating in restaurants.The Tall Persons Club Great Britain (TPCGB)，which was formed six months ago to campaign for the needs of the tall，has turned its attention to hotels and restaurants.Beds that are too small，shower heads that are too low，and restaurant tables with hardly any legroom all make life difficult for those of above average height，it says.But it is not just the extratall whose needs are not being met.The average height of the population has been increasing yet the standard size of beds，doorways，and chairs has remained unchanged.“The bedding industry says a bed should be six inches larger than the person using it，so even a kingsize bed at 66 (6 feet and 6 inches) is falling short for 25% of men，while the standard 63 bed caters for less than half of the male population，” said TPCGB president Phil Heinricy，“Sevenfoot beds would work fine.”Similarly，restaurant tables can cause no end of problems.Small tables，which mean the longlegged have to sit a foot or so away from them，are enough to make tall customers go elsewhere.Some have already taken note，however.At Queens Moat Houses Caledonian Hotel in Edinburgh，66 beds are now put in as standard after requests for longer beds from taller visitors，particularly Americans.60What is the purpose of the TPCGB campaign?ATo provide better services.BTo rebuild hotels and restaurants.CTo draw public attention to the needs of the tall.DTo attract more people to bee its members.答案C解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第二段第一句話中“.which was formed six months ago to campaign for the needs of the tall.”可知選C項(xiàng)。61Which of the following might be a bed of proper length according to Phil Heinricy?A72. B7.C66. D63.答案B解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。第四段中Phil Heinricy說：“66的床對于25%的男子來說較短，而63的床只能滿足不到一半男子的要求”。最后一句又說“Sevenfoot beds would work fine.”。sevenfoot即7，故選B項(xiàng)。62What may happen to restaurants with small tables?AThey may lose some customers.BThey may start businesses elsewhere.CThey have to find easy chairs to match the tables.DThey have to provide enough space for the longlegged.答案A解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。文章倒數(shù)第二段提到：“Small tables，which.away from them，are enough to make tall customers go elsewhere.”由此可知：如果飯館餐桌小，可能會(huì)失去一些顧客。63What change has already been made in a hotel in Edinburgh?ATall people pay more for larger beds.B66 beds have taken the place of 63 beds.CSpecial rooms are kept for Americans.DGuest rooms are standardized.答案B解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章最后一段“.66 beds are now put in as standard.”可知：66的床作為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)床在旅館里被安置了。Step Two找出信息句學(xué)會(huì)分析1(60題信息句)The Tall Persons Club Great Britain (TPCGB)，which was formed six months ago to campaign for the needs of the tall，has turned its attention to hotels and restaurants.分析：which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞The Tall Persons Club Great Britain；本句的主干為：The Tall Persons Club Great Britain has turned its attention to hotels and restaurants.翻譯：大不列顛高人俱樂部，是在六個(gè)月之前建立的，它是一個(gè)為了身材高大的人的需求而發(fā)起運(yùn)動(dòng)的組織，現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)把注意力轉(zhuǎn)移到旅館和餐館上了。2(61題信息句)The bedding industry says a bed should be six inches larger than the person using it，so even a kingsize bed at 66 (6 feet and 6 inches) is falling short for 25% of men，while the standard 63 bed caters for less than half of the male population.分析：says后省略了連接代詞that，引導(dǎo)賓語從句；than引導(dǎo)比較狀語從句；while引導(dǎo)并列句，表示“然而”。翻譯：據(jù)寢具行業(yè)所說，一個(gè)床應(yīng)該比使用這個(gè)床的人大六英寸，所以即使是一個(gè)加長型66(6英尺6寸)的床對于25%的男性而言都是小的，而標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的63的床僅能滿足不到一半男性的需求。Step Three深度閱讀與拓展訓(xùn)練任務(wù)型閱讀篇章結(jié)構(gòu)真題精選對應(yīng)訓(xùn)練(xx四川閱讀理解C)A schoolgirl saved her fathers life by kicking him in the chest after he suffered a serious allergic(過敏的) reaction which stopped his heart.Izzy，nine，restarted her father Colms heart by stamping(踩) on his chest after he fell down at home and stoppe