2019年高考英語一輪總復(fù)習(xí) 語法專項突破 真題分類 定語從句【xx新課標(biāo)全國卷I】33“You cant judge a book by its cover，”_Aas the saying goes oldBgoes as the old sayingCas the old saying goesDgoes as old the saying【解析】句意：俗話說，“你不能以貌取人”。as the old saying goes是一個固定的用法，表示“俗話說”。其他的各個選項都是錯誤表達形式，故都可排除?！敬鸢浮緾【xx新課標(biāo)全國卷II】4When I arrived，Bryan took me to see the house _ I would be staying.Awhat BwhenCwhere Dwhich【解析】題干的意思是：“我到達后，布賴恩帶我去看了我要住的房子?！狈治鲱}干可知后句為限制性定語從句，關(guān)系詞代替先行詞house在定語從句中作地點狀語，因此應(yīng)選擇關(guān)系副詞where。解答該類題目的關(guān)鍵在于分析關(guān)系詞代替先行詞在定語從句中所作的句子成分?！敬鸢浮緾【xx北京卷】27Many countries are now setting up national parks_animals and plants can be protected.Awhen Bwhich Cwhose Dwhere【解析】題干的意思是：眼下，許多國家正在建立一些國家公園，動物和植物在那兒可以得到保護。分析結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處是考查定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞，先行詞為national parks，定語從句中缺少地點狀語，要用where來引導(dǎo)，相當(dāng)于in which。關(guān)系副詞when在定語從句中作時間狀語；which在定語從句中作主語、賓語；whose只作定語，三者均不符合語境，故正確答案為D項。解答這類題目首先要找準(zhǔn)先行詞，然后根據(jù)定語從句所缺的成分來確定選項?！敬鸢浮緿【xx天津卷】6We have launched another manmade satellite，_ is announced in todays newspaper.Athat BwhichCwho Dwhat【解析】句意：“我們又發(fā)射了一顆人造衛(wèi)星，這件事在今天的報紙上被公布了?！盉項which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，指代“發(fā)射人造衛(wèi)星”這件事，在定語從句中作主語。that和what不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句；who在定語從句中只能指人。如果選that，需在that前加連詞and?！敬鸢浮緽【xx重慶卷】24John invited about 40 people to his wedding, most of_are family members.Athem BthatCwhich Dwhom【解析】句意：約翰邀請了大約40個人參加他的婚禮，大部分人是家庭成員。由前后兩個句子之間沒有連接詞可首先把A項排除。B、C、D三項都可引導(dǎo)定語從句，但that不能放在介詞of之后，故排除。which引導(dǎo)定語從句時，表示物，不符合題意，也排除。most of whom引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，whom指代about 40 people。most of whom在定語從句中作主語，所以答案為D?！敬鸢浮緿【xx山東卷】31There is no simple answer，_ is often the case in science.Aas BthatCwhen Dwhere【解析】句意：沒有簡單的答案，在科學(xué)上情況通常是這樣。因句中有逗號，其后面的句子中無連詞引導(dǎo)，可判斷是定語從句。本句的先行詞是空格前的整個句子，有此用法的是 as。as在句中意為“正如，正像”。“as is often the case”常被看作是一個固定搭配，意為“情況通常是這樣”，符合句意。that不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，when的先行詞在后面的定語從句中作時間狀語，where的先行詞在后面的定語從句中作地點狀語，故B、C、D三項都不符合句意，應(yīng)被排除。【答案】A【xx浙江卷】5The children，_ had played the whole day long，were worn out.Aall of what Ball of whichCall of them Dall of whom【解析】題干的意思是：“孩子們玩了一整天，都累壞了?！狈治鼍渥咏Y(jié)構(gòu)可知，_ had played the whole day long是非限制性定語從句，先行詞children指人，故排除A、B、C三項。所以正確答案為D項。【答案】D【xx浙江卷】13The museum will open in the spring with an exhibition and a viewing platform _ visitors can watch the big glasshouses being built.Awhat BwhereCwhen Dwhy【解析】題干的意思是：“博物館將在春季開放，屆時將有一個展覽，還有一個觀光平臺，在這里參觀者可以看到許多在建的大玻璃暖房?！狈治鼍渥咏Y(jié)構(gòu)可知，_ visitors can watch the big glasshouses being built為定語從句，a viewing platform為定語從句的先行詞，從句缺少地點狀語，要用where引導(dǎo)，所以正確答案為B項?！敬鸢浮緽【xx江蘇卷】32The president of the World Bank says he has a passion for China，_ he remembers starting as early as his childhood.Awhere BwhichCwhat Dwhen【解析】句意：世界銀行行長說，他熱愛中國，這種熱愛他記得早在童年時就開始了。通過分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，The president of the World Bank says he has a passion for China為主句，通過還原法可知定語從句是he remembers his passion for China starting as early as his childhood，從句中his passion starting為動名詞復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。his passion用which替代。when和where雖然可以引導(dǎo)定語從句，但是它們在定語從句中是分別用來作時間狀語和地點狀語的，不能指代passion；what不能用來引導(dǎo)定語從句，故排除。【答案】B【xx安徽卷】29Mo Yan was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in xx，_ made one of the Chinese peoples longheld dreams e true.Ait BthatCwhat Dwhich【解析】句意：莫言獲得xx年諾貝爾文學(xué)獎，這件事使中國人民長久以來的一個夢想得以實現(xiàn)。此處為非限制性定語從句，修飾前面整個句子。it和what不能引導(dǎo)定語從句，可排除；that不能用于引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。故選D項。【答案】D【xx湖南卷】21Happiness and success often e to those_are good at recognizing their own strengths.Awhom Bwho Cwhat Dwhich【解析】題干的意思是：“快樂和成功經(jīng)常會眷顧那些善于欣賞自己優(yōu)點的人。”分析句子成分可知，“_are good at recognizing their own strengths”是定語從句，修飾先行詞those，從句中缺少主語，故用who引導(dǎo)，所以答案為B。【答案】B【xx四川卷】9Nowadays people are more concerned about the environment_they live.Awhat BwhichCwhen Dwhere【解析】題干的意思是：現(xiàn)在人們更加關(guān)注他們生活的環(huán)境。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，題中缺少定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞，并且引導(dǎo)詞要在從句中作地點狀語，所以D符合題意。而what不能引導(dǎo)定語從句；which可以引導(dǎo)定語從句，但是在從句中作主語或賓語；when也可以引導(dǎo)定語從句，但是在從句中作時間狀語。【答案】D【xx江西卷】33He wrote a letter_he explained what had happened in the accident.Awhat BwhichCwhere Dhow【解析】句意：他寫了一封信，在信中，他解釋了這起事故中發(fā)生的事情。定語從句中有主語和賓語，先行詞在從句中作地點狀語，where相當(dāng)于in which?！敬鸢浮緾【xx山東卷】35Finally he reached a lonely island _ was pletely cut off from the outside world.Awhen BwhereCwhich Dwhom【解析】句意：最后他到達了一個完全與外部世界隔絕的孤島上。句中的先行詞a lonely island在后面的定語從句中作主語，故用which引導(dǎo)。因先行詞是地點名詞短語a lonely island，學(xué)生很容易誤選where來引導(dǎo)定語從句而不去分析先行詞在句中所作的成分?！敬鸢浮緾【xx遼寧卷】34He may win the petition，_ he is likely to get into the national team.Ain which case Bin that caseCin what case Din whose case【解析】句意：他也許會贏得比賽，那樣的話，他就可能會進入國家隊。此處引導(dǎo)定語從句，in which case指代“他可能會贏得比賽”這件事情，介詞后的關(guān)系代詞不能用that，故排除B項；what不引導(dǎo)定語從句；whose指代“的”，不符合語境?！敬鸢浮緼【xx陜西卷】16_is often the case with children, Amy was better by the time the doctor arrived.AIt BThatCWhat DAs【解析】題干的意思是：“正如其他孩子的情況一樣，醫(yī)生到達時，艾米好多了。”該句中as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，用來代替后面整個主句的內(nèi)容。該題容易誤選it，如果選it那么題干就是兩句話，而中間沒有連詞且用了逗號，所以it不可選?！敬鸢浮緿【xx福建卷】27The book tells stories of the earthquake through the eyes of those _ lives were affected.Awhose BthatCwho Dwhich【解析】題干的意思是：“這本書通過那些生活受到影響的人的視角講述了地震的故事?！备鶕?jù)題干可判斷所選連詞引導(dǎo)的是定語從句。定語從句中關(guān)系詞的選擇是由關(guān)系詞在定語從句中所作的成分來決定的。題干中先行詞是代詞those，表示“那些人”，而在定語從句中缺乏的成分意思應(yīng)是“那些人的”，所以只有關(guān)系代詞whose符合題意，whose在定語從句中作定語。關(guān)系代詞that，who和which在定語從句中只能作主語或賓語。解答這類題目的關(guān)鍵在于分析定語從句中所缺的成分，也就是關(guān)系詞在定語從句中所作的成分?！敬鸢浮緼【xx山東卷】23. Maria has written two novels, both of _ have been made into television series. A. themB. that C. which D. what【答案】C【解析】此處先行詞是two novels，后面是一個非限制性定語從句且介詞前置，因此用both of which引導(dǎo)。句意：Maria寫了兩部小說，兩部都被拍成了電視劇?！究键c】考查非限制性定語從句的用法。【xx福建卷】23. The air quality in the city, _is shown in the report, has improved over the past two months.A. thatB. it C. as D. what 【考點】本題考查定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞【答案】C【解析】本句難點是把定語從句分割出來放在句首就很明了了，把句子轉(zhuǎn)換成 is shown in the report, the air quality in the city has improved over the past two months.就能直接看到非限制性定語從句引導(dǎo)詞放句首指的是下文所提到的一句話用as引導(dǎo)“正如在在報告中所寫的那樣”?！緓x浙江】9.We live in an age more information is available with greater ease than ever before.A. whyB. whenC. to whomD. on which【考點】考查定語從句。 【答案】B【解析】when引導(dǎo)定語從句，在從句中作時間狀語，修飾先行詞an age（時代）， 此處的when=at which?！緓x浙江】17.Ellen was a painter of birds and of nature, _, for some reason, had withdrawn from all human society.A. whichB. whoC. whereD. whom【考點】考查定語從句的關(guān)系代詞?！敬鸢浮緽【解析】who引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句，在從句中作主語，修飾先行詞Ellen（人名）。which修行先行詞是物的定語從句；whom修飾先行詞為人，且在從句中作賓語；where修飾先行詞是地點名詞，且在從句中地點狀語，均不符合語境，故排除?！緓x江蘇卷】22.After the flooding, people were suffering in that area,_ urgently needed clean water,medicine and shelter to survive.A. which B. who C. where D. what【考點】考查定語從句的關(guān)系代詞?！敬鸢浮緽【解析】指人的先行詞people在非限制性定語從句中充當(dāng)主語，所以用關(guān)系代詞who引導(dǎo)。故選B項。【xx安徽卷】29. lot of language learning, has been discovered, is happening in the first year of life, so parents should talk much to their children during that period.A. as B. it C. which D. This【答案】A【解析】如果選擇B或D 就出現(xiàn)了兩個句子了。本題考查非限制性定語從句,關(guān)系代詞指整個一句話lot of language learning is happening in the first year of life。as用在句首，which用在句末，正確答案應(yīng)該是A?！緓x江西卷】28By 16:30, was almost closing time, nearly all the paintings had been sold.AwhichBwhenCwhatDthat【答案】A【考點】考查定語從句。【答案】D【解析】“position”為先行詞，后面是其定語從句，關(guān)系詞在從句中作的是地點狀語，因此，應(yīng)該使用關(guān)系副詞“where”來引導(dǎo)定語從句。因此，正確答案為D選項。技巧點撥：句意表示“我已經(jīng)達到人生的一個轉(zhuǎn)折點，應(yīng)該自己做決定?！毕刃性~是point, 關(guān)系詞在從句中作地點狀語，因此，正確答案為B選項?！緓x四川卷】13. In our class there are 46 students, _ half wear glasses.A. in whom B. in them C. of whom D. of them【答案】 C 【考點】本題考查定語從句。【解析】前后兩句話之間無連詞，故不能用人稱代詞them而應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞whom引導(dǎo)定語從句；在46個學(xué)生當(dāng)中，表所屬，應(yīng)用of。故答案選C?！緓x陜西卷】14. It is the third time that she has won the race, _ has surprised us all.A. that B. whereC.whichD. what【答案】C 【考點】考查定語從句?！窘馕觥克钤~前有逗號，是非限制性定語從句，先行詞是整個主句，關(guān)系詞在從句中做主語，選C。其余選項與題干不符?！緓x北京卷】26. When deeply absorbed in work, _ he often was，he would forget all about eating or sleeping. A. that B. which C. where D. when 【答案】 B【考點】非限制性定語從句，which作表語?！窘馕觥?句意：他常常聚精會神地工作，這時他會廢寢忘食。先行詞為逗號前面的deeply absorbed in work，關(guān)系詞在定語從句中充當(dāng)表語成分，故選B項?！緓x全國II】8. That evening, _ I will tell you more about later, I ended up working very late.A. that B. which C. what D. when【考點】考查非限制性定語從句的關(guān)系詞。【答案】B【解析】這里that evening是先行詞，其在定語從句中作介詞about的賓語，所以用which。句意：以后我將和你談起的那個晚上，我工作到了很晚?！緓x天津卷】7.I wish to thank Professor Smith, without_help I would never have got this far.【B】A. who B. whoseC. whomD. which【2011全國卷I) 31】The prize will go to the writer _ story shows the most imagination. A. that B. which C. whose D. what【答案】C【考點】考查定語從句?！窘馕觥勘绢}主句中的先行詞writer和從句中的主語story有所屬關(guān)系，譯為作者的故事，因此選C。句子的意思是：我們的獎金會留給故事情節(jié)最富有想象力的作者?！?011全國卷II ，7】Ted came for the weekend wearing only some shorts and a T-shirt, _ is a stupid thing to do in such weather. A. this B. that C. what D. which【答案】D【考點】考查定語從句?！窘馕觥糠治鼍渥咏Y(jié)構(gòu)可知，該句為定語從句，首先排除A和C；根據(jù)空前的逗號可知，該句為非限制性定語從句，排除B。該從句應(yīng)用which引導(dǎo)，which在從句中作主語，代指前麗的整個句子?！?011北京卷，26】Mary was much kinder to Jack than she was to the others, _, of course, make all the others upset. A. whoB. whichC. whatD. that【答案】B【考點】考查非限制性定語從句?！窘馕觥慷禾柡蟮姆窍拗菩远ㄕZ從句中缺少主語，which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，指代整個主句部分的內(nèi)容。選擇which?！?011上海卷，39】Youll find taxis waiting at the bus station _ you can hire to reach your host family.A. whichB. whereC. whenD. as【答案】A【考點】考查定語從句?！窘馕觥肯刃性~為the bus station，從句中謂語動詞hire后缺少賓語，故用關(guān)系代詞which。【2011山東卷，32】The old town has narrow streets and small houses _are built close to each other.A. they B. where C. what D. that【答案】D【考點】此題考查定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞?！窘馕觥筷P(guān)系代詞that代替先行詞small houses，在從句中作主語。句意為：這座古老的城鎮(zhèn)街道狹窄，小房子挨得很近?！?011江西卷，34】She showed the visitors around the museum, the construction _had taken more than three years.A. for whichB. with whichC. of whichD. to which【答案】C【考點】考查定語從句。【解析】先行詞為museum，在從句中充當(dāng)定語，博物館的建造工程花費了超過三年的時間。介詞用of。選C?！?011江蘇卷，24】Between the two parts of the concert is an interval, _ the audience can buy ice-cream.A. when B. where C. that D. which【答案】A【考點】考查定語從句?！窘馕觥烤湟猓阂魳窌膬纱髽?gòu)成部分中間有幕間休息時間，在這段時間里觀眾可以去買冰激凌。when引導(dǎo)的定語從句修飾an interval，when在從句中作時間狀語。首先解析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，判斷從句類型，題干說“在音樂會中間有間歇，此時你可以買冰激凌。”題干的前半部分完整無缺，后半部分補充說明這個間歇你可以干的事，所以這是一個非限制性定語從句，先行詞為interval，非限制性定語從句的功能就是對先行詞進行補充說明。由于從句部分不缺少主干成分，而且interval表時間，所以正確答案為A【2011安徽卷，28】Whatever is left over may be put into the refrigerator, _ it will keep for two or three weeks.A. when B. which C. where D. while【答案】A【考點】考查定語從句?！窘馕觥烤湟鉃椋菏Ｏ碌娜魏螙|西都可以放入冰箱，在那里可以保存兩三周。本題考查非限制性定語從句的關(guān)系副詞。由句型結(jié)構(gòu)可以看出，該題中的先行詞refrigerator在從句中作介詞的賓語，該介賓結(jié)構(gòu)在定語從句中作地點狀語，故選擇關(guān)系副詞where。when在從句中作時間狀語；which在從句中作主語或賓語；while是連詞，不能用于定語從句?！?011浙江卷，8】English is a language shared by several diverse cultures, each of _ uses it somewhat differently. A. which B. what C. them D. those【答案】A【考點】考查定語從句。【解析】本句中的先行詞是several diverse cultures，先行詞在從句中做each of的賓語，所以應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞which?！?011浙江卷，10】A bank is the place _ they lend you an umbrella in fair weather and ask for it back when it begins to rain. A. when B. that C. where D. there【答案】C【考點】考查定語從句?！窘馕觥勘揪渲械南刃性~是the place.，先行詞在定語從句中作地點狀語，所以應(yīng)該用關(guān)系副詞where?！?011福建卷，24】She has a gift for creating an atmosphere for her students _ allows them to municate freely with each other.A. which B. where C. what D. who【答案】A【考點】考查定語從句?！窘馕觥糠治鼍渥映煞挚芍琣n atmosphere與修飾它的定語從句被for her students隔開，該從句缺少主語，所以用which?！?011福建卷，33】It was April 29,xx Prince William and Kate Middleton walked into the palace hall of the wedding ceremony.Athat Bwhen Csince Dbefore【答案】B【考點】考查定語從句。【解析】去掉It was及that后，April 29，2011不可以單獨作時間狀語，所以不是強調(diào)句型。用when引導(dǎo)定語從句修飾April 29，2011。【2011四川卷，17】The school shop, _ customers are mainly students, is closed few the holidays. A. which B. whose C. when D.where【答案】B【考點】考查定語從句?！窘馕觥看颂巜hose引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句修飾先行詞shop，在定語從句中作customers的定語。句意為“這個學(xué)校商店，其主顧大多是學(xué)生，因為放假就關(guān)門了。”【2011天津卷，10】The days are gone _ physical strength was all you needed to make a living.A. when B. that C. where D. which【答案】A【考點】考查定語從句?！窘馕觥烤湟鉃椋簑hen引導(dǎo)定語從句修飾the day。are gone為插入語。句意：全部靠體力掙錢謀生的時代已經(jīng)過去了?！?011陜西卷，11】I walked up to the top of the hill with my friend, _ we enjoyed a splendid view of the lake.A. which B. where C. who D. that【答案】B【考點】考查定語從句。【解析】先行詞是hill，表地點，定語從句we enjoyed a splendid view of the lake .句子成分中缺少狀語，所以應(yīng)用關(guān)系副詞where?！?011湖南卷，25】Julie was good at German, French and Russian , all of _ she spoke fluently. A. who B. whom C. which D. that【答案】C【考點】本題考查定語從句中復(fù)合關(guān)系代詞的用法。【解析】介詞后只能使用的關(guān)系代詞是which, who, whose, 因為句子中關(guān)系詞指代是語言，故選C；句意：Julie擅長德語、法語和俄語，這三種語言她說得都很流利。