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Unit4,Wildlifeprotection,知識清單,(一)基本單詞1._________n.損失;遺失;喪失2._________vt.憐憫,loss,hunt,relief,mercy,單詞,5.__________adj.確定的;某一;一定6.__________vt.包含;容納;容忍7.__________vt.影響;感動;侵襲8.__________n.事變,certain,contain,affect,harm,bite,incident,(二)派生單詞11.____________vt.繼任→____________n.成功→____________adj.成功的,decrease,increase,respond,response,succeed,success,successful,14.____________vt.雇用;利用→_____________n.利用;雇用→____________n.雇員→____________n.雇主15.____________vt.檢查;視察→____________n.檢查;視察,employ,employment,employee,employer,inspect,inspection,1.滅亡;逐漸消失2.和平地;和睦地;安祥地3.在危險中;垂危4.如釋重負;松了口氣5.保護......不受......(危害)6.注意7.形成;產(chǎn)生8.按照;根據(jù)......所說,dieoutinpeaceindangerinreliefprotectfrompayattentiontoeintobeingaccordingto,短語,Itshowstheimportanceofwildlifeprotection,butI’dliketohelpastheWWFsuggests.,句式,核心要點,1.reliefn.(痛苦或憂慮的)減輕或解除;減輕痛苦的事物InreliefDaisyburstintolaughter.（課文原句）黛西如釋重負，突然笑了起來。,單詞,【歸納】inrelief如釋重負;松了口氣toone’srelief使某人感到慶幸的是(much)toone’srelief使人寬慰的whatarelief真叫人寬慰,2.mercyn.仁慈;寬恕;憐憫Farmershunteduswithoutmercy.（課文原句）農(nóng)民們總是慘無人道地捕殺我們。,【歸納】①“憐憫，饒恕，寬恕”。begformercy懇請寬恕，乞憐havemercyonsb./showmercytosb.對某人表示憐憫withoutmercy無情地atthemercyof...任……擺布或控制，對……無能為力,②“幸運，恩惠”。It’samercy(that)...幸運的是……。如：It’samercythattheaccidenthappenedsonearthehospital.【拓展】mercilessadj.毫不憐憫的，殘忍的mercifuladj.仁慈的，慈悲的,3.certainadj.確定的;某一;一定Theyallowedtouriststohuntonlyacertainnumberofanimalsiftheypaidthefarmers.（課文原句）如果游客付給農(nóng)民錢的話，他們允許游客來獵取一定數(shù)量的動物。,【歸納】certain作形容詞，“確定的，無疑的”，常作表語；也可作前置定語，“某一，某種”。常用結(jié)構(gòu)如下：becertainof對……有把握becertaintodosth.肯定/確定做……,becertainthat...肯定/確定/確信……makecertainthat...弄明白，弄清楚……makecertainofsth./doingsth.確保（做某事）Itiscertainthat....……是肯定/確定的,【辨析】certain容納;克制(強烈的感情等);抑制Itcontainsapowerfuldrugwhichaffectsmosquitoes.（課文原句）它含有一種強效的藥物可以防止蚊蟲叮咬。,【歸納】contain“包含,含有,容納,里面裝有”,指的是包含的全部內(nèi)容或容量,也可指里面所含的成分,不用于進行時態(tài)。include“包含”,“連…...在內(nèi),計入,算入,包括”,表示所包含之物中的一部分,賓語往往是主語的一部分。,【即時應用】用contain/include的適當形式填空。1)Mymotherwasunableto________heranger.2)Thebottle________twoglassesofbeer.3)Thehealthclub_________agym,aswimmingpoolandalockerroom.4)Thewholebook_________12units,_________twotests.,contain,contains,includes,contains,including,affectvt.影響;感動;侵襲,【歸納】affectsb.totears把某人感動得掉淚begreatlyaffected很受感動beaffectedwithhighfever發(fā)高燒haveaneffecton/upon...對...…有影響,【辨析】affect/effect/influenceaffect作動詞，多指外來的行為、作用等產(chǎn)生的影響，側(cè)重指消極影響，主語通常是物而不是人。如：Theiropinionwillnotaffectmydecision.effect作名詞，側(cè)重影響的結(jié)果，常用于haveagood/badeffecton/uponsth./sb.結(jié)構(gòu)中。如：Thishadagreateffectonthefutureofbothmotherandson.,influence指通過勸說、榜樣或行為，間接地、無形地、潛移默化地影響某人的思想或行為。作動詞時，賓語通常是表示人、思想、性格、行為等的名詞；作名詞時，后常接含on，upon，over，with等的介詞短語。也可指自然力的影響。如：Ateacherhasgreatinfluenceoverhispupils.,【提示】affect只能用作動詞，除了“影響”之意，還可以引申為“感動，感染”；而effect用作名詞，著重影響的結(jié)果，多用于短語haveaneffecton，意為“影響”。,【即時應用】用affect/effect的適當形式填空。Stayinguptoolatewillhaveabad_______onyourhealth.2)Theboywasabsorbedinreadingwithoutbeing_______bythenoiseoutside.,effect,affected,5.appreciatev.鑒賞;感激;意識到Y(jié)oushouldpaymoreattentiontotherainforestwhereIliveandappreciatehowtheanimalslivetogether.（課文原句）你們應該多加關注我生活的熱帶雨林，并且懂得熱帶雨林的動物是如何在一起生活的。,【歸納】①作“欣賞，鑒賞”講時，其后常接名詞或代詞作賓語。如：Youcan’treallyappreciateforeignliteratureintranslation.,②作“感謝，感激”講時，后面可接名詞、代詞、動詞-ing形式（或其復合結(jié)構(gòu)）以及賓語從句。如：Iappreciateyour/youmakingtheefforttoe.Idon’tappreciatebeingtreatedlikeasecond-classcitizen.Iappreciatewhatyou’vedoneforme.,③sb.+wouldappreciateitif...“如果……某人將不勝感激”。如：Hewouldappreciateitifyoucoulddohimthatfavor.,【辨析】appreciate繼承vt.接替;繼任Whatmustbedoneifwildlifeprotectionistosucceed?（課文原句）如果想成功的保護野生動植物我們必須做什么?,【歸納拓展】succeed(in)doingsth.成功…...succeedtosth.繼承…...succeedsb.as...接替某人成為…...successn.[U]成功;成就[C]成功的人或事物successfuladj.成功的successfullyadv.成功地successn.成功（不可數(shù)名詞）；成功的人或事（可數(shù)名詞）。,【辨析】succeedin以事物作主語時用succeedwith。如:Hehassucceededintheattempt.Theattemptsucceededwithhim.他的那次嘗試成功了。,【即時應用】用上述詞匯完成下列情景。Totellthetruth,Iusednottobea________inmunicatingwithothers.ButlaterIwenttoanightschooland____________learningsomesocialskills.ThenIwas__________inmakingfriendswithmanyyoungpeople.Actuallyit’snotdifficultto___________improvingyourself.,success,succeeded(in),successful,succeed(in),7.employvt.雇用;利用(時間/精力等)Cantheybeemployedtoworkintheparkandnothurttheanimals?（課文原句）可以雇傭他們在公園工作，并且不傷害動物嗎?,【歸納】beemployedin...忙于......employ...as...把......用作......employoneselfon...從事于......;時間花在......employoneself(in)doingsth.從事于/忙于某事employsb.todosth.雇某人做某事,【即時練習】Aftertwoyears’______________(失業(yè)),hehasjust______________(被雇用)byabigpany.Tobeagood_________(員工),he________(花費)allhissparetimeinlearningaboutnewthingsaboutthepany.Soonheispromotedbyhis________(雇主).,unemployment,beenemployed,employee,employs,employer,1.inpeace和睦地；安靜地，平靜地About30-40remainafterbeingleftinpeacewithnohunting.（課文原句）在沒有捕殺的和平狀態(tài)下，大約還有30到40只。,短語,【拓展】indanger在危險中inrelief如釋重負inorder狀態(tài)良好insilence沉默inpower執(zhí)政inprogress在進行中insurprise驚訝地,2.indanger(of)處于危險中Whyaretheyindangerofdisappearing?（課文原句）為什么它們處于消失的危險中？,【歸納】indanger在危險中，處境危險indangerof有……的危險，壞事或不快之事發(fā)生的可能性，其后接名詞、代詞或動詞-ing形式（短語）?！就卣埂縪utofdanger脫離危險,3.dieout滅亡;逐漸消失Asaresulttheseendangeredanimalsmayevendieout.（課文原句）因此，這些瀕危動物甚至可能滅絕。,【拓展】dieaway(聲音/光線/風聲等)逐漸消失diedown(火/情緒/風暴等)由強變?nèi)?熄滅/平靜下來dieoff(動/植物等)相繼死亡;(草木等)枯死bedyingfor很想要;渴望,【即時應用】用適當?shù)慕?副詞填空。Astheregionisbeinghotter,thiskindofgrassisdying_____.2)Theirchatterandlaughterdied______asthegrouprushedoutoftheclassroom.3)Whenalltheguestshadleft,thewholehousedied______.4)Weneedtotakeactionbeforealltheendangeredanimalsdie_____.,off,away,down,out,4.protect...from保護......不受......(危害)“I’mprotectingmyselffrommosquitoes.”（課文原句）我這樣做可以防止蚊蟲叮咬。,【拓展】prevent...(from)...阻止…...做…...stop...(from)...阻止…...做…...keep...(from)...阻止…...做...…underone’sprotection=undertheprotectionofsb.受某人保護,【提示】prevent/stop/keepsb.fromdoingsth.阻止某人做某事,在prevent/stop...fromdoingsth.中的from在主動句中可以省略,而在被動句中不可省略。keep...fromdoingsth.中的from在任何情況下都不能省略。,5.payattentionto注意;關注YoushouldpaymoreattentiontotherainforestwhereIliveandappreciatehowtheanimalslivetogether.（課文原句）你們應該多加關注我生活的熱帶雨林，并且懂得熱帶雨林的動物是如何在一起生活的。,【拓展】draw/attract/catchattentionto...引起某人的注意turnone’sattentionto把注意力轉(zhuǎn)移到......fix/focus/concentrateone’sattentionon/upon注意力集中在......devoteone’sattentionto把注意力放在......,6.eintobeing形成;產(chǎn)生Theylivedontheearthtensofmillionsofyearsago,longbeforehumanscameintobeingandtheirfutureseemedsecureatthetime.（課文原句）千百萬年前，恐龍就在地球上生活，比人類的出現(xiàn)要早得多，當時它們的前景好像也很安全。,【拓展】eintoexistence開始存在;形成;產(chǎn)生eintofashion開始流行;風靡eintoeffect生效eintosight/view看得見eintooffice就職eintopower當權(quán);執(zhí)政eintouse/service開始被使用,【提示】eintobeing是不及物動詞短語,無被動形式,也不用于進行時態(tài)。【即時應用】完成句子。Nooneknowswhensuchacustom_______________(形成).(2)Anewrulewillsoon______________(生效).,cameintobeing,eintoeffect,1.Itshowstheimportanceofwildlifeprotection,butI’dliketohelpastheWWFsuggests.,as引導方式狀語從句,“按照,如同”。如：DoasIsay!按我說的去做！WheninRome,doasRomansdo.入鄉(xiāng)隨俗。,句式,as作連詞的其他用法：①當......時候;一面......一面;隨著(引導時間狀語從句)②因為;既然(引導原因狀語從句)③盡管adv.同樣地;例如;被認為prep.作為;如同conj.因為;像;當......之時;像......一樣;結(jié)果;盡管,e.g.Theysangsongsastheyweredoingfarmwork.他們一邊干農(nóng)活,一邊唱歌。Asthewageofthejobwaslow,therewerefewapplicantsforit.因為工資低,沒有什么人申請這份工作。Intelligentassheis,sheworksveryhard.(=Althoughsheisclever...)盡管聰明,她還是很努力。,【提示】as意為“盡管”時,須將表語/狀語等提前,其他成分保持陳述語序;名詞提前時,去掉冠詞。如：Childashewas,heknewalot.(=Althoughhewasachild...)雖然是個孩子,但他懂得很多。,2.PleasetakemetoadistantlandwhereIcanfindtheanimalthatgavefurtomakethissweater.【分析】①本句是一個主從復合句。②主句是Pleasetakemetoadistantland，where引導定語從句。③在where引導的從句中包含一個由that引導的定語從句，修飾先行詞animal。,【仿寫】湯姆昨天帶我去了一家書店，在那里我買了一本描寫中國文化的書。_________________________________________________________________________________________________________,YesterdayTomtookmetoabookstorewhereIboughtabookthat/whichdescribesChineseculture.,3.YoushouldpaymoreattentiontotherainforestwhereIliveandappreciatehowtheanimalslivetogether.【分析】①本句是一個主從復合句。②and連接兩個并列的謂語pay和appreciate；whereIlive是定語從句，修飾rainforest；howtheanimalslivetogether是賓語從句，作appreciate的賓語。,【仿寫】警察搜查了他住的地方，知道了他是如何逃脫的。__________________________________________________________________,Thepolicesearchedtheplacewherehelivedandknewhowheescaped.,【語境展示】觀察下列句子。1.—LiYing,etothekitchenandhelpmetowashthevegetables.—Pleasewaitaminute.I’mbeingtoldthatwewillhaveameetinginBeijingtomorrow.2.Anatureparkisbeingbuiltinthisareainordertoprotectwildanimals.3.Somemeasuresarebeingtakentopreventpeopledestroyingtheforest.,語法,現(xiàn)在進行時的被動語態(tài),【自我歸納】★現(xiàn)在進行時被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成形式：am/is/are+being+動詞的過去分詞（1～3）?！铿F(xiàn)在進行時的被動語態(tài)表示說話時正在進行著的被動動作（1）；也可表示現(xiàn)階段正在進行著的被動動作（2和3）。,【拓展】1.現(xiàn)在進行時的被動語態(tài)與always,constantly等詞連用時，表示經(jīng)常性的被動動作，此時往往帶有贊賞、厭惡等感情色彩。如：Recentlymydaughterisalwaysbeingpraisedbytheteachers.Totheteacher’sanger,thesillyquestionsarealwaysbeingaskedbyhisstudents.,2.某些介詞如under/in/on等+名詞，可表示現(xiàn)在進行時的被動語態(tài)的含義。如：Theinjuredmanintheaccidentisundertreatment(=isbeingtreated)inthenearesthospitalnow.—CanIusethetelephone?—Sorry,itisinuse(=isbeingused)now.,【即學即練】Ⅰ.用動詞的正確形式填空。1.Mikewillhavetogotoworkbybusashiscar______________(repair)now.2.Anewstadium_______________(decorate)herethesedays.Theyhopetofinishitnextmonth.3.—Whatsthatnoise?—Oh,letmesee.Thenewmachine____________(test).,isbeingrepaired,isbeingdecorated,isbeingtested,4.Thenewlibrary_________________(plete)alreadyandisreadyforuse.5.Wearelivingwithmyparentsatthemomentbecauseourhouse_______________(rebuild).,hasbeenpleted,isbeing,rebuilt,Ⅱ.用括號內(nèi)動詞的正確形式填空。Cellphonesormobilephones,makeitpossibleforustotalktoanyonefromanywhere.Wordsandpictures1.____________(send)throughouttheworldatthemoment.Moderncellphonesaremorethanjustphones—they2._____________(use)ascamerasandradios,andtosende-mailsorsurftheInternet.,arebeing,arebeingused,sent,Newfunctions(功能)3._______________(add)tothephonesinthepastfewyears.Nowcellphoneshavefeaturessuchasgames,musicandanelectroniccalendarthatcan4.________(use)toremindyouofappointmentsandimportantdates.Cellphoneshavechangedourbehaviorandhowwemunicate.They5.____________(use)everywhere—sometimeswheretheyshouldnt.,havebeenadded,beused,arebeingused,Ⅲ.高考鏈接。Afterschoolwewenttothereadingroomtodosomereading,onlytobetoldthatit_________________(decorate).(2012安徽)【解析】放學后，我們?nèi)ラ営[室看書，結(jié)果被告知閱覽室正在裝修。went可知應用過去的某時態(tài)；句意可知敘述正在發(fā)生的情況；it(thereadingroom)與decorate為被動。,wasbeingdecorated,Oneheadmastersaysthatnophones6.__________(allow)inhisschoolsclassrooms.“Ifaphonestartsringingintheclassroom,teachersandstudents7.____________(disturb)andcannotwork.”Thestudentsobeytherulesandagreenottousetheirphonesintheclassroom.,areallowed,aredisturbed,勸說性信函是向某個組織或個人提出勸說性建議的一種應用文體?！緦懽髦笇А縿裾f性信函多采用的寫作步驟和常用表達：1.所面臨的問題。常用表達：Youreallywantto...but...Ihearyouhavedecidedto...butIthink...Whatasurpriseitisthatyou...,寫作,如何寫勸說性信函,2.提出建議，給出充足理由。常用表達：Ipersonallythinkitwouldbebetter...First,Isuggest...Second,...Ithink,youneedtofirst...Second,youneed...Ibelieveifyou...,youwillsurely...Ontheonehand...,ontheotherhand...Ifyouagreewithmeandwantto...,3.簡單表達自己的希望。常用表達：Ihopeyouwilltakemyadviceintoaccount.Ihopeyouwillfindthesesuggestionspractical/useful/helpful...注意：1.勸說性信函的語氣要委婉。2.要符合英語信件的基本格式。3.所舉理由的說服力和可信度。1)邏輯和論據(jù)讓對方贊同你的觀點。2)用具體事實證明觀點或建議是可靠的。,【寫作任務】假設你是李華，網(wǎng)友Tom因為家境貧寒決定輟學去賺錢。請用英語寫一封信，勸他留在學校，繼續(xù)讀書。注意：1.詞數(shù)120左右；2.參考詞匯：輟學dropoutofschool_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________,【參考范文】DearTom,I’msosurprisedtohearthatyouhavedecidedtodropoutofschool.Idon’tthinkitiswisetodoso.Mostlargepaniesareinneedofpeoplewithknowledge,sohowcanyoufindyourdreamjobifyouchoosetodropoutofschoolsoearly?Myelderbrotheroncehadthesameideaasyou,buthefinallychosetostudyfirst,andnowhehasgainedhisdreamjob.,Ipersonallythinkitwouldbebetterforyoutofinishyourstudiesfirst.Beingknowledgeableandskillfulhelpsyoualotwhenseekingajob.Ihopeyouwilltakemyadviceintoaccount.Iamlookingforwardtoyourreply.Yours,LiHua,鞏固練習,I.用括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式填空。1.Ata(n)________(distant)ofsixmilesyoucantseemuch.2.Weshouldtellpeoplethe__________(important)ofbanningtheuseofplasticbags.3.Wewillpaymoreattentiontowildlife_________(protect)fromnowon.,distance,importance,protection,4.Thisgroupofchemicalsisknowntobe________(harm)topeoplewithheartdisease.5.________(attend),please,Ihavesomethingimportanttosay.6.Thebookshefoundinthechurchlookedfaded,______(dust)andunused.7.ThepicturequalityisbadbecausetheTVsignalisnt________(power)enough.,harmful,Attention,dusty,powerful,II.用合適的短語并用其正確形式填空。dieout,respondto,burstintolaughter,inpeace,forsure,accordingto,sothat,eintobeing1.Iknow________thatchancesbelongtothosewhoarealwaysready.2.She____________thesequestionsandthenwentoutoftheroom.3.Scientistshavemanytheoriesabouthowtheuniversefirst______________.,forsure,respondedto,cameintobeing,dieout,respondto,burstintolaughter,inpeace,forsure,accordingto,sothat,eintobeing4.Peopleofdifferentreligionshavelivedtogether________forcenturiesinthiscountry.5.Manyanimalshave________becauseofmuchkillingandhunting.6.Uponhearingthefunnystory,mylittlebrother________________.,inpeace,diedout,burstintolaughter,dieout,respondto,burstintolaughter,inpeace,forsure,accordingto,sothat,eintobeing7.Everythingwent___________plan,andwearrivedontime.8.Jacksaveduphismoney________hemightgoabroadforhissummerholiday.,accordingto,sothat,III.把句子中的主動語態(tài)改寫成被動語態(tài)。1.Thepostmanisdeliveringthemail._____________________________________2.Aretheyopeningthegiftsnow?____________________________________,Themailisbeingdeliveredbythepostman.Arethegiftsbeingopenedbythemnow?,3.HarryPotterismeasuringtheroom.______________________________________________________________________4.Thecoachiscongratulatingtheteamatthemoment.______________________________________________________________________,TheroomisbeingmeasuredbyHarryPotter.,Theteamisbeingcongratulatedbythecoachatthemoment.,Ⅳ.閱讀材料，在空白處填入適當內(nèi)容（1個單詞）或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。In2007,ateamofscientistsledbyresearchersfromYaleUniversityweresurprisedtofindthatanunusualmonkey,1.________motherhadbeenkilled,wasbeinglookedafterbyaschooldirectorintheDemocraticRepublicoftheCongo.,whose,Latertheteamsawthesesamemonkeys2._______(live)inthewildintherainforestsoftheLomamiBasincloseby.Thoughknowntolocals,themonkeyswereunknowntointernationalscientistsandgenetictests3.________(quick)showedthemonkeytobeanewspecies.Lesulas,asthey4.________(call)bythelocalpopulation,havenakedfaces,longblondehairandbluebottoms.,living,quickly,arecalled,Thewide-eyed,pink-facedlesulagainedmanyadmirersandonenewspaperevenpareditsfacetoaRembrandtportrait.5._________(describe)asshyandquiet,thelesulawasaddedtotheendangeredspecieslistasitshabitatislimited6._______anareaofonly6,500squaremiles.RobertKityoisazoologyprofessoratUgandasMakerereUniversity.,Described,to,Hesaysthatthelesuladiscoveryisproof7._______theeasterncentralbasinisfilledwithspeciesyettobediscovered.Thisnewfindalsohighlightsthe8.__________(important)ofpreserving,orprotectingAfricanrainforests.Manyforestsarethreatenedby9._______(legal)loggingandhunting.Preservingtheserainforestsallowsnewspecieslikethelesula10.__________(continue)tosurvive.,that,importance,illegal,tocontinue,