2019-2020年高中英語語法復習 第十一講 名詞性從句講練語法精講 一主語從句主語從句是在復合句中充當主語的從句，通常放在主句謂語動詞之前或由形式主語it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。It doesnt interest me whether you succeed or not.It is in the morning that the murder took place. It is John that broke the window.1. 用it 作形式主語的結構 (1) It is 名詞從句 It is a fact that the earth is round. It is an honor that many specialists came to our English class. It is mon knowledge that you say “ hello ”to your teacher when you first meet her at school. It is a rule that we should e to class before 8 cclock. (2) it is 形容詞從句 It is natural that he cant speak excellent Chinese, as he is an Australian. It is strange that she came to school late this morning. (3) it is 不及物動詞從句 It seems that it is going to rain. It happened that I met an old friend of mine in the street yesterday.(4) it 過去分詞從句 ( It is reported/said/proved/believed/known/expected/thought) It is reported that China is going to launch “ Sheng Zhou” Six this year.It has been proved that you are wrong.It is said that that was how Chinese first raised silkworms.2. 主語從句不可位于句首的五種情況 (1) if 引導的主語從句不可居于復合句句首。 (2) It is said , (reported) 結構中的主語從句不可提前。例如： It is said that President Jingo will visit our school next week. (right) That President Jingo will visit our school next week is said. (wrong) (3) It happens, It occurs 結構中的主語從句不可提前。例如： It occurred to him that he failed in the examination. (right) That he failed in the examination occurred to him. (wrong) (4) It doesnt matter how/whether 結構中的主語從句不可提前。例如： It doesnt matter whether he is wrong or not. (right) Whether he is wrong or not doesnt matter. (wrong) (5) 含主語從句的復合句是疑問句時，主語從句不可提前。例如： Is it likely that it will rain in the evening? (right) Is that will rain in the evening likely? (wrong)3. What 與that 在引導主語從句時的區(qū)別 What 引導主語從句時在句時在從句中充當句子成分，如主語賓語表語，而that 則不然。例如： 1) What you said yesterday is right. 2) That she is still alive is a consolation.二賓語從句 賓語從句就是在復合句中作賓語的名詞性從句，通常放在主句謂語動詞（及物動詞）或介詞之后。1. 作動詞的賓語 (1) 由that引導的賓語從句（that 通?？梢允÷裕?例如： I heard that he joined the army. (2) 由what, whether (if) 引導的賓語從句，例如： 1) She did not know what had happened. 2) I wonder whether you can change this note for me. (3) 動詞間接賓語賓語從句。例如： She told me that she would accept my invitation.2. 作介詞的賓語 例如：Our success depends upon how well we can cooperate with one another.3. 作形容詞的賓語 例如：I am afraid (that) Ive made a mistake. 4. It 可以作為形式賓語 It 不僅可以作為形式主語，還可以作為形式賓語而真正的賓語that 從句則放在句尾，特別是在帶復合賓語的句子中。 例如：We heard it that she would get married next month.We make it clear that we wont e back till next week.5. 后邊不能直接跟that 從句的動詞 這類動詞有allow, refuse, let, like, cause, force, admire, want, need ,celebrate, dislike, love, help, take, forgive等。這類詞后可以用不定式或動名詞作賓語，但不可以用that引導賓語從句。 I admire their winning the match. (right) I admire that they won the match. (wrong)6. 否定的轉移 若主句謂語動詞為think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, fancy, guess, imagine等，其后的賓語從句若含有否定意義，一般要把否定詞轉移到主句謂語上，從句謂語用肯定式。例如： I dont think this dress fits you well.（我認為這件衣服不適合你穿。）7. Whether 和 if 區(qū)別。A. 主語從句用whether, 不用if.B. 在不定式之前用whether, 不用if.C. 在介詞之后用whether, 不用if.D. 在discuss/discussion/no difference等之后用whether.E. 在賓語從句中用whether or not或者whetheror not,或者if.or not,但不能用if or not.三表語從句 表語從句在復合句中作表語的名詞性從句，放在系動詞之后，一般結構是“主語連系動詞表語從句”?？梢越颖碚Z從句的連系動詞有be, look, remain, seem等。引導表語從句的that?？墒÷浴Ａ硗?，常用的還有the reason is that 和It is because 等結構。例如： 1) The question is whether we can make good preparation in such a short time. 2) This is why we cant get the support of the people 3) But the fact remains that we are behind the other classes. 4) The reason why he is late for school is that he missed the early bus.四同位語從句 同位語從句就是在復合句中作名詞的同位語的名詞性從句。1. 同位語從句的功能 同位語從句對于名詞進一步解釋，說明名詞的具體內容，一般由that引導，例如： 1) The kings decision that the prisoner would be set free surprised all the people. 2) The order that all the soldiers should stay still is given by the general.2. 同位語在句子中的位置 同位語從句有時可以不緊跟在它所說明的名詞后面，而是被別的詞隔開。例如： He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put off.3. 同位語從句與定語從句的區(qū)別 定語從句中的that既代替先行詞，同時又在從句中作某個成分（主語或賓語），而同位語從句中的that是連詞，只起連接主句與從句的作用，不充當句中任何成分。 定語從句是形容詞性的，其功能是修飾先行詞，對先行詞加以限定，描述定的性質或特征；同位語從句是名詞性的，其功能是對名詞進行補充說明。例如： 1) The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year.（他告訴我的消息是湯姆明年將出國。）（第一個that引導的從句是定語從句，that在從句中作賓語） 2)The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him.（湯姆將出國的消息是他講的。）（同位語從句，that在句中不作任何成分）語法精練：1. It worried her a bit _ her hair was turning grey. A. while B. that C. if D. for2. _ he said at the meeting astonished everybody present. A. What B. That C. How D. The fact3. _ well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather. A. If B. Whether C. That D. Where4. _ the xx Olympic Games will be held in Beijing has already been known. A. Whether B. If C. That D. What5. _ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language. A. There B. This C. That D. It6. _ matter much who will go to the film. A. There is no B. It is no C. It doesnt D. That doesnt7. Go and get your coat. Its _ you left it. A. there B. where C. there where D. where there8. As time went on, I found my hometown wasnt _ it had been like. A. how B. that C. which D. what9. Energy is _ make things work. A. that B. what C. which D. something10. The bad news _ her mother had died frightened her. A. that B. which C. if D. when11. Our suggestion was made _ shops remain open till 10 oclock. A. what B. that C. which D. when12. No one can be sure _ in a million years. A. what man will look like B. what will man look like C. man will look like what D. what look will man like13. Its generally unwise to give a child _ he or she wants. A. however B. whatever C. whichever D. what ever14. -Do you remember _ he came? -Yes, I do. He came here by car. A. how B. when C. that D. if15. I remember _ this used to be a quiet village. A. when B. how C. where D. what16. _ leaves the classroom last should turn off the lights. A. No matter who B. Who ever C. She D. Whoever17. The boss made a promise _ a rise in pay. A. the workers got B. the workers will get C. that the workers would get D. when would the workers get18. The reason for his being late is _ he didnt catch the early bus. A. because B. why C. that D. because of19. It is not yet known _ we shall take part in the sports meeting. A. that B. whether or not C. if or not D. whether or20. I know nothing about her except _ you told me. A. what B. that C. how D. where21. _ is the most useful invention? A. Do you think which of these B. Which of these do you think C. Which of these you think D. You think which of these22. _ in the newspaper that the Japanese minister will arrive next Monday. A. It says B. It is said C. It has said D. He is said23. The possibility_ the majority of the labour force will work at home is often discussed. A. which B. as C. that D. what24. _ you go or stay at home wont make any differences. A. If B. When C. That D. Whether25. He doesnt know _ is _ he was born. A. that ; where B. that ; what C. where ; that D. what ; where26. - -It was 3 oclock _ we arrived at the village. - -Oh, it was also at 3 oclock _ we arrived at the village. A. when ; when B. when ; that C. that ; that D. that ; when27. Lei Feng was always thinking of _ he could help others. A. that B. how C. when D. which答案：15BABAD 610CBDBA 1115BABAA 1620DCCBA 2125BBCDA 2627BB