2019-2020年高考英語總復(fù)習(xí) 動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和高考大綱規(guī)定：時(shí)態(tài)是教與學(xué)的難點(diǎn)，高考的必考點(diǎn)。一、時(shí)態(tài)：時(shí)間決定動(dòng)詞的形式叫作時(shí)態(tài)。高考要考十種時(shí)態(tài)。它們是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、一般將來時(shí)、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)、一般過去時(shí)、過去將來時(shí)、過去進(jìn)行時(shí)、過去完成時(shí)、將來進(jìn)行時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。最后沖刺階段要在時(shí)態(tài)中習(xí)得舉一反三的能力。一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)與一般過去時(shí)、一般將來時(shí)與過去將來時(shí)、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)與過去進(jìn)行時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與過去完成時(shí)都是兩兩相通的，知其一便得其二，如此就學(xué)會(huì)英語中常見的八種時(shí)態(tài)。而其他由時(shí)態(tài)兩兩結(jié)合而形成的時(shí)態(tài)就不是難題?！靖呖歼B接】【xx天津】12. The three of us _ around Europe for about a month last summer.A. traveled B. have traveled C. had traveled D. travel【答案】A【xx重慶】27. Food supplies in the flood-stricken area _.We must act immediately before theres none left.A. have run out B. are running outC. have been run out D. are being run out【答案】B現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí) = 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) + 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)；過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí) = 過去完成時(shí) + 過去進(jìn)行時(shí)，等等。面對(duì)難點(diǎn)，考生們關(guān)鍵是要掌握觸類旁通和歸納能力。【高考連接】【xx全國卷II】 The manager _ the workers how to improve the program since 9 a.m.A. has toldB. is tellingC. has been tellingD. will have told【答案】C【xx安徽】26. In order to find the missing child , villagers all they can over the past five hours.A. did B. do C. had done D. have been doing【答案】D一、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)1表示客觀事實(shí)或普遍真理（不受時(shí)態(tài)限制）The sun rises in the east. 太陽從東方升起。2. 表示現(xiàn)狀、性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)、經(jīng)常發(fā)生的或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，且常與usually，always，every day, twice a week, seldom, sometimes等表頻率的時(shí)間狀語連用。John sometimes sits up very late. 約翰有時(shí)很晚才睡。We always care for each other and help each other. 我們經(jīng)?；突ブ?。3表示知覺、態(tài)度、感情、某種抽象的關(guān)系或概念的詞常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：see, hear, smell, taste, feel, notice, agree, believe, like, hate, want, think, belong, seem等。I know what you mean. 我明白你的意思。Smith owns a car and a house. Smith有車和房子。4. 如果主句是一般將來時(shí)，那么時(shí)間、條件等狀語從句中用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來。If it rains tomorrow, I wont go there.如果明天下雨，我將不去那兒。【真題在線】Walmart, which is one of the largest American supermarket chains, some of its store open 24 hours on Mondays through Saturdays. （xx安徽卷33）A. keeps B. keep C. have kept D. had kept【解析】選A?？疾閯?dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)與主謂一致。句意為：沃爾瑪是美國最大的連鎖超市之一，它的一些商店從周一至周六二十四小時(shí)營業(yè)。keep在此處意為“使，使得”。根據(jù)句意可知，此句是表示一般客觀情況，應(yīng)該使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)；由于主語是Walmart，謂語應(yīng)該用單數(shù)，故選擇A項(xiàng)?！癓ife is like walking in the snow”, Granny used to say, “because every step .” （xx全國卷I 23）A. has shown B. is showing C. shows D. showed【解析】選C?？疾闀r(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)Life is like walking in the snow可知，后半句應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。所以選C。句意：祖母過去經(jīng)常說：“人生就像在雪地里行走，因?yàn)槊恳徊蕉寄茱@現(xiàn)出來”。二、 一般過去時(shí) 1.表示過去經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作或表示在過去某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。（往往暗示現(xiàn)在“己不再這樣”。）它一般與yesterday，just now，last week，ago等時(shí)間狀語連用；也可與由when等連詞引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句一起使用（或有上下文語境暗示）；She went to the cinema last night with her boyfriend. 昨晚她和她的男友一起去看電影。When I was in the countryside, I often called on my old friends there當(dāng)我在鄉(xiāng)下時(shí)，經(jīng)常去拜訪那里的老朋友。2表示事先不知道或不記得，但現(xiàn)在已知道或記得的事情。Sorry，I didnt know you were here不好意思，我不知道你在這。（現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)知道）【真題在線】kevin,you look worried. Anything wrong?Well, I_ a test and Im waiting for the result. （xx，重慶，22）A. will take B. took C. had taken D. take【解析】選B?？疾闀r(shí)態(tài)。句意為：Kevin，你看起很著急。有什么事嗎？嗯，我剛剛參加了一場考試，現(xiàn)在正在等結(jié)果。由句意“我現(xiàn)在正在等結(jié)果”可知，參加考試是發(fā)生在過去的事情，應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)。will take是一般將來時(shí)；took是一般過去時(shí)；had taken 是過去完成時(shí)，表示的是發(fā)生在過去某個(gè)動(dòng)作之前的動(dòng)作；take是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。故選B。After Jack had sent some e-mails, he _ working on his project. （xx山東卷 28）A. had started B. has started C. started D. starts【解析】選C?？疾闀r(shí)態(tài)。句意為：杰克發(fā)送了一些電子郵件后，開始從事于他的方案。After引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句，意為在之后，從句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句之前。在本題中，從句用了過去完成時(shí)，因此主句中發(fā)生的動(dòng)作應(yīng)該在過去完成時(shí)之后，故用一般過去時(shí)，故選C。三、 一般將來時(shí) 1“will do”表示從現(xiàn)在來看以后要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，指事物的固有屬性或 必然趨勢(shì)。Fish will die without water. 沒有水魚將會(huì)死。2“be going to+動(dòng)詞原形”多用于口語中，表示“打算或計(jì)劃要做某事”。此外，還可以表示說話人根據(jù)已有的事實(shí)或跡象，對(duì)未來進(jìn)行推斷。They are going to meet outside the school gate.他們打算在校門口見面。3“be about to+動(dòng)詞原形”表示“即將”，因此，它不與表示時(shí)間的副詞或時(shí)間狀語連用。The English evening is about to start英語晚會(huì)即將開始。4“be to+動(dòng)詞原形”表示“按計(jì)劃、安排即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作”，還可以表示“吩咐、命令、禁止等”。Theres to be a slide show this afternoon. 今天下午要放幻燈片。You are to hand in your papers by 10 oclock.到10點(diǎn)你得交上試卷。5有些動(dòng)詞例如：go，e，begin，leave，arrivereturn，take等，其一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)都可以表示按計(jì)劃或安排將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。Im leaving for Tibet on Sunday. 星期天我要去西藏?！菊骖}在線】By the time you have finished this book, your meal _ cold. （xx北京22）A. gets B. has got C. will get D.is getting【解析】選C?？疾闀r(shí)態(tài)。句意為：到你讀完這本書的時(shí)候，你的飯菜就會(huì)涼了。by the time引導(dǎo)的是時(shí)間狀語從句，從句中用的是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，說明主從句的動(dòng)作是發(fā)生在將來的動(dòng)作，主句應(yīng)用將來時(shí)。Close the door of fear behind you, and you _ the door of faith open before you.（xx湖南卷 25）A. saw B. have seenC. will seeD. are seeing【解析】 選C?？疾闀r(shí)態(tài)。句意為：關(guān)上通往恐懼的門之后，你會(huì)很快地看到通往信心的大 門。本句考查固定句式：do sth. and you will “做某事，就會(huì)”。C項(xiàng)一般將來時(shí)；符合題意。A項(xiàng)為一般過去時(shí)；B項(xiàng)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)； D項(xiàng)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。四、過去將來時(shí)過去將來時(shí)一般由 "助動(dòng)詞would(第二、三人稱)/should(第一人稱)+動(dòng)詞原形"構(gòu)成。1、表示對(duì)過去某一時(shí)間點(diǎn)而言將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。常用于賓語從句中。I thought they would e to help me.我認(rèn)為他們會(huì)來幫我的。He said he would wait for us at the bus stop.他說他要在車站等我們。2、表示過去的某種習(xí)慣行為He would sit for hours doing nothing.過去他常常坐幾個(gè)鐘頭什么事也不做。He would e to see us on Sundays.過去星期天他經(jīng)常來看望我們。3、過去將來時(shí)的其它表達(dá)法（1）was/were going to表示過去的打算和意圖He was going to start work the following week.他打算下星期開始工作。（打算）表示沒有實(shí)現(xiàn)的打算和意圖He was going to e last night, but it rained.他打算昨晚來，但下雨了。(沒實(shí)現(xiàn))I thought the film was going to be interesting.我想這部電影會(huì)很有趣的。（結(jié)果不是）（4）表示位置轉(zhuǎn)移的動(dòng)詞 (如go，e，leave，start等)的過去進(jìn)行時(shí)，表示按照過去的計(jì)劃安排將在過去將來發(fā)生的事情。I didnt know you were ing.我不知道你會(huì)來?！菊骖}在線】The manager was concerned to hear that two of his trusted workers _.（xx山東卷 34）A. will leave B. are leaving C. have left D. were leaving【解析】選D。考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意為：聽說兩個(gè)他信任的工人要離開，經(jīng)理很憂慮。leave意為“離開”，是表示趨向的動(dòng)詞，用在將來時(shí)中時(shí)要用be leaving來表示，一般不用will/would leave；根據(jù)時(shí)態(tài)可知用過去將來時(shí)，故選D。注意，下列動(dòng)詞不能用于進(jìn)行時(shí)：感覺類：look, smell, feel, sound, taste, see, hear等；情感類：like, love, prefer, admire, hate, fear等；思想類：wish, hope, expect, want, need, believe, think, understand, agree, know等；其他類：have, contain, win, hold, belong to等?！菊骖}在線】“The moment _ soon,” he thought to himself, waiting nervously. （xx湖南卷 27）A. cameB. has eC. was ingD. is ing【解析】 選D?？疾闀r(shí)態(tài)。句意為：“這一刻就要來到了，”他自思自忖到，焦急地等待著。由句中的soon及選項(xiàng)可知本題考查進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)表將來。且謂語動(dòng)詞e用于直接引語中，故用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表將來。D項(xiàng)為現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)，符合題意。A項(xiàng)為一般過去時(shí)；B項(xiàng)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)；C項(xiàng)為過去進(jìn)行時(shí)；That piece of music sounds quite familiar. Who _ the piano upstairs?（2011，重慶卷，21）A. has played Bplayed Cplays D. is playing【解析】選D。句意：那首音樂聽起來十分熟悉。誰在樓上彈鋼琴？考查時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)句意可知，本句說的是現(xiàn)在的事情且動(dòng)作尚未完成，故用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)，故選D項(xiàng)。六、過去進(jìn)行時(shí) 1表示過去某一時(shí)刻或某一段時(shí)間內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng) 作，由“was/were+現(xiàn)在分詞”構(gòu)成。She was watching TV at six yesterday evening. 昨晚六點(diǎn)她正在看電視。He was preparing his lecture all day yesterday. 昨天他一整天都在準(zhǔn)備他的演講。2表示動(dòng)作在另一過去動(dòng)作發(fā)生時(shí)進(jìn)行。He was reading a novel when I came in. 當(dāng)我進(jìn)來時(shí)，他正在看小說。3表示過去計(jì)劃好或安排好的將來動(dòng)作（只限于e, go, leave, arrive, start, move, sail, fly, travel，stay等）。He said she was arriving the next day. 他說她將第二天到達(dá)。4與always, forever, constantly, continually連用，表示贊賞或厭惡等感情色彩。rade Lei Feng was always thinking of others. He never thought of himself first.雷鋒同志總是先想著他人，而不是自己。七、將來進(jìn)行時(shí) 將來進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來某一段時(shí)間或某一時(shí)刻正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，常與this time tomorrow，at three oclock tomorrow morning等時(shí)間狀語連用，一般由will/shall+ be+ doing構(gòu)成。Ill be visiting Professor Wang at two this afternoon.今天下午兩點(diǎn)我將拜訪王教授?！菊骖}在線】Can 1 call you back at two oclock this afternoon?Im sorry, but by then I_ to Beijing. How about five? （xx陜西卷 24）A. flyB. will fly C will be flying D. am flying【解析】 選C?？疾闀r(shí)態(tài)。句意為：今天下午兩點(diǎn)鐘我給你回電話好嗎？不好意思，兩點(diǎn)的時(shí)候我正在飛往北京的路上，五點(diǎn)鐘怎么樣？。根據(jù)語境可知第二個(gè)人說：在今天下午兩點(diǎn)鐘的時(shí)候，將正在.,，表達(dá)在將來的某個(gè)時(shí)間正在做.，要用將來進(jìn)行時(shí)：will be doing ,所以C項(xiàng)符合題意。八、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)1. 表示說話之前已完成了的動(dòng)作，并且表示過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或事情對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響或產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果，著眼點(diǎn)是現(xiàn)在。常與不確定的過去時(shí)間狀語連用，如yet，just, before, recently, once, lately等 。He has been to Beijing before.他以前去過北京。（現(xiàn)在已回來了）He has gone to Beijing.他去了北京。（說話時(shí)有可能到了北京，也有可能在路上）I havent heard from her recently. 我近來沒有收到她的來信。2表示一個(gè)從過去某個(gè)時(shí)間開始延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，并可能延續(xù)下去的動(dòng)作。常同表示一段時(shí)間的狀語連用，如。so far, up to now, since, for a long time, till now, up to present。He has worked here for over twenty years. 他在這里工作已有20多年了。Where have you been since I last saw you? 自從上次我見到你以來，你去哪兒了？3. 在after，as soon as，if，till，when等引導(dǎo)的狀語從句中，用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)代替將來完成時(shí)。If he hasnt gone to bed when you see him, tell him to give me a ring，如果你見到他時(shí)他還沒有睡，讓他給我打個(gè)電話。4. It (This) +is ( will be)+the first,/second/third+time+ that從句。that從句的謂語要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，that可以省略。This is the first time I have been here.這是我第一次來這里?！菊骖}在線】I remember you were a talented pianist at college. Can you play the piano for me?Sorry, I _ the piano for years. （xx湖南卷 33）A. dont playB. wasnt playingC. havent played D. hadnt played【解析】 選C?？疾闀r(shí)態(tài)。句意為：-我記得在大學(xué)里的時(shí)候你是個(gè)才華橫溢的鋼琴家。你能給我彈奏一曲嗎？-抱歉。我已經(jīng)好多年沒彈鋼琴了。由情景可知，不彈鋼琴這個(gè)動(dòng)作應(yīng)該是由過去延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，符合現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法，故C項(xiàng)正確。A項(xiàng)為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)；B項(xiàng)為過去進(jìn)行時(shí)；D項(xiàng)為過去完成時(shí)。Look! Somebody the sofa.Well, it wasnt me. I didnt do it. （xx江西卷 26）Ais cleaningBwas cleaningChas cleanedDhad cleaned【解析】 選C?？疾閯?dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。句意為：你瞧！有人擦了沙發(fā)了。哦，不是我，我沒擦。從答語來看，是一般過去時(shí)態(tài)，說明“沙發(fā)已經(jīng)擦過了”，故用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示影響和結(jié)果。A項(xiàng)表示“現(xiàn)在正在擦”；B項(xiàng)表示“過去正在擦” ；C項(xiàng)表示“已經(jīng)擦了” ；D項(xiàng)是過去完成時(shí)，表示“過去的過去”，此句沒有說明。九、 過去完成時(shí)1過去完成時(shí)表示過去某一動(dòng)作以前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成了的動(dòng)作（即表示“過去的過去”）。時(shí)間狀語可用by，before等構(gòu)成的短語，也可用時(shí)間狀語從句或通過上下文的語境表示。He said that he had been abroad for three years.他說他在國外呆了3年。2表示動(dòng)作在過去某一時(shí)間之前開始，一直延續(xù)到過去的這一時(shí)間，而且還可能繼續(xù)下去的動(dòng)作，常用的時(shí)間狀語有by then，by the end of，by the time，until，before等。Until then he had known nothing about it yet直到那時(shí)為止，他對(duì)此仍一無所知。3用在It was the first/second./thirdtime that句型中，that從句的謂語要用過去完成時(shí)。That was the first time they had met in thirty-nine years，這是39年里他們第一次見面。4It was+一段時(shí)間+ since從句。since從句的謂語動(dòng)詞用過去完成時(shí)。It was ten years since we had had such a wonderful time.我們十年來從沒這么高興過。5表示愿望或打算一類的詞，例如：intendmean，hope, want, plan, suppose, expect, think等，其過去完成時(shí)表示過去未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的意圖或希望等，含有某種惋惜。I had intended to call on you yesterday, but I had an unexpected visitor.昨天我本來打算去看你，但我這來了個(gè)不速之客。6用在表示“剛剛就”的句型中：Hardly/Scarcely/Barely had+主語+donewhendid;No sooner had+主語+donethandid。Hardly had she gone to bed when the bell rang. 她剛一上床鈴就響了。【真題在線】By the time Jack returned home from England, his son from college. （2011遼寧卷 34）A. graduated B. has graduated C. had been graduating D. had graduated【解析】選D。句意：杰克從英國回到家時(shí)，他的兒子已經(jīng)大學(xué)畢業(yè)了。by the time.“到的時(shí)候”引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句時(shí)，如果從句的謂語動(dòng)詞用一般過去時(shí)，主句的謂語動(dòng)詞要用過去完成時(shí)。She was surprised to find the fridge empty; the children _ everything! （2011山東卷 35）A. had been eating B. had eaten C. have eaten D. have been eating【解析】選B?？疾閯?dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。第一個(gè)分句用的是一般過去時(shí)，由語意可知，第二個(gè)分句中的動(dòng)作( eat)發(fā)生在第一個(gè)分句的謂語動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作前，屬于典型的“過去的過去”，所以用過去完成時(shí)。十、 將來完成時(shí)將來完成時(shí)表示持續(xù)到將來某時(shí)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)【真題在線】On her next birthday, Ann married for twenty years. （2011天津卷 4） A. is B. has been C. will be D. will have been【解析】選D?？疾閯?dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。句意：等到下次生日的時(shí)候，Ann結(jié)婚有二十年了。her next birthday是將來的時(shí)間，for twenty years是個(gè)時(shí)間段。將來完成時(shí)表示持續(xù)到將來某時(shí)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，故選D。Tommy is planning to buy a car.I know. By next month, he _ enough for a used one. （2011江蘇卷 23）A. saves B .savedC. will saveD. will have saved【解析】選D。句意：Tommy將計(jì)劃買車。我知道，到下個(gè)月為止，他積攢的錢足夠買一輛舊車了?！眀y next month是將來完成時(shí)的標(biāo)志，全句表示在將來next month之前完成“積攢足夠錢”的動(dòng)作，對(duì)將來的時(shí)間next month產(chǎn)生影響，能買一輛舊車。故選D。十一、現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)表示一個(gè)動(dòng)作開始于過去，一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，并有可能延續(xù)下去。現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行體是完成體和進(jìn)行體的組合。因此，它具備完成體和進(jìn)行體的一些因素，例如：它具備進(jìn)行體的未完成性、暫時(shí)性、感情色彩等特點(diǎn)。They have been living here for 10 years. 他們住在這里十年了。（從過去某一時(shí)間開始住，強(qiáng)調(diào)現(xiàn)在還住在這兒）Weve been discussing the matter several times this year.我們今年已數(shù)次討論那件事。（強(qiáng)調(diào)說話者“抱怨”的感情色彩）【真題在線】In order to find the missing child, villagers _ all they can over the past five hours. （xx安徽卷26）A. did B. do C. had done D. have been doing【解析】選D?？疾閯?dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。句意為：為了找到那位失蹤兒童，在過去的五個(gè)小時(shí)里村民們做了他們所能做的一切事情。根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語over the past five hours可知，應(yīng)該使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)或現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。A項(xiàng)是一般過去時(shí)，B項(xiàng)是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，C項(xiàng)是過去完成時(shí)，都不符合題意。The manager _ the workers how to improve the program since 9 am. （xx全國卷II18）A. has told B. is telling C. has been telling D. will have told【解析】選C?？疾闀r(shí)態(tài)。句意為：自從上午9點(diǎn)經(jīng)理就一直在告訴工人如何改善這一方案。此處用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)還是現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的關(guān)鍵就是動(dòng)作是否仍然在進(jìn)行，如果已經(jīng)完成，選A；如果仍然在進(jìn)行，選C。從語境看，動(dòng)作應(yīng)該是仍在進(jìn)行中。故選C。十二、過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)1. 過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)表示動(dòng)作在過去某一時(shí)間之前開始并延續(xù)到過去這一時(shí)間。這一動(dòng)作可能己經(jīng)停止也可能還在進(jìn)行。She told me that she had been studying French for 5 years.她告訴我她己經(jīng)學(xué)習(xí)法語5年了。（仍繼續(xù)）She told me that she had been waiting for me for an hour.她告訴我她己經(jīng)等我一個(gè)鐘頭了。（不再繼續(xù)）2. 表示過去反復(fù)的動(dòng)作、企圖、情緒等You had been giving me everything.你對(duì)我真是有求必應(yīng)。（感激）【真題在線】When Alice came to, she did not know how long she _ there. （xx全國卷29）A. had been lying B. has been lying C. was lying D. has lain【解析】選A。句意：當(dāng)Alice蘇醒過來時(shí)，她不知道她在那兒躺了多久了。過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)主要表示持續(xù)到過去某時(shí)之前的動(dòng)作。came to蘇醒過來是過去時(shí)，蘇醒前的情況是過去的過去，強(qiáng)調(diào)過去的過去里發(fā)生的事，故選A。易混的時(shí)態(tài)比較一、一般過去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的區(qū)別一般過去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的區(qū)別體現(xiàn)在以下幾點(diǎn)： 1時(shí)間狀語不同。一般過去時(shí)，常與具體的表示過去的時(shí)間狀語連用（表示過去某時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)）；而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)常與模糊的時(shí)間狀語連用，或無時(shí)間狀語（表示從過去開始持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)）。請(qǐng)比較：We visited Beijing last summer（last summer為具體的過去時(shí)間，因此用一般過去時(shí)） With the help of high technology, more and more new substances have been discovered in the past years.（in the past years為模糊的時(shí)間，常與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用）2一般過去時(shí)表示過去某時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，與現(xiàn)在沒有聯(lián)系；而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。I have read the novel我看過這部小說。（強(qiáng)調(diào)“看過這部小說”，對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響：我了解這部小說的內(nèi)容）I read the novel last week.我上星期看了這部小說。（只說明上星期看過這部小說，不涉及現(xiàn)在的情況）3，一般過去時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)都可以與一段時(shí)間連用。其區(qū)別是：一般過去時(shí)與一段時(shí)間連用表示動(dòng)作沒有持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在；而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)與一段時(shí)間連用表示動(dòng)作持續(xù)到了現(xiàn)在。He has lived here since 1985. 1985年以來他一直住在這里。（他現(xiàn)在還住在這里）He lived here for 6 years when he was young. 他小時(shí)候在這里住了6年。（他現(xiàn)在不住在這里了）二、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的區(qū)別 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示動(dòng)作已完成或表示一個(gè)發(fā)生在過去的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果；而現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)表示一個(gè)動(dòng)作開始于過去，并持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，強(qiáng)調(diào)現(xiàn)在還在進(jìn)行。請(qǐng)比較：Hes written a novel。他寫了一部小說。（已完成）Hes been writing a novel. 他在寫一部小說。（可能尚未完成）三、一般過去時(shí)與過去完成時(shí)的用法區(qū)別 1一般過去時(shí)表示過去某時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，而過去完成時(shí)表示過去某一時(shí)間或動(dòng)作之前發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，即“過去的過去”。請(qǐng)比較：The moment the thieves saw the police, they ran away.這些賊一看見警察來了，立刻就逃跑了。（“看見”與“逃跑”同時(shí)發(fā)生，因此“逃跑”用一般過去時(shí)）When the police arrived, the thieves had run away.當(dāng)警察趕到時(shí)，這些賊已經(jīng)逃跑了。（“趕到”發(fā)生在過去，“逃跑”發(fā)生在警察趕到之前，即“過去的過去”，因此“逃跑”要用過去完成時(shí)）拓展1表示短暫意義的動(dòng)詞，如：open，go，e，die，leave，arrive, begin，return，stop等，不能與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語連用。如要表達(dá)“他參軍已經(jīng)4年了”這一意思，不能說“He has joined the army for four years.”而要把其中的動(dòng)詞換成延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞或用其他表達(dá)法。如上句可用下列方式表達(dá)：He has been in the army for four years.He joined the army four years ago.It is four years since he joined the army.2下列動(dòng)詞不能用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。感官動(dòng)詞：see, look, hear, smell, taste, feel等。情感類動(dòng)詞：hate, love, fear, like, want, wish, prefer, refuse, forgive等。表示存在概念的動(dòng)詞：be, exist, remain等。擁有、從屬類動(dòng)詞：have, own, possess, contain, belong to, consist of等。認(rèn)識(shí)類動(dòng)詞：understand, know, believe, forget, remember等。練習(xí)：選擇填空 從A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。 1【xx全國卷II】14. Did you ask Sophia for help? I _ need to I managed perfectly well on my own. A. wouldnt B. dontC. didntD. wont2【xx全國卷II】 The manager _ the workers how to improve the program since 9 a.m. A. has toldB. is telling C. has been tellingD. will have told3【xx安徽】26. In order to find the missing child , villagers _ all they can over the past five hours.A. did B. do C. had done D. have been doing4【xx安徽】31. Grace doesnt want to move to New York because she thinks if she _ there, she wouldnt be able to see her parents very often.A. lives B. would live C. having asked D. were to live5【xx安徽】33. Walmart, which is one of the largest American supermarket chains, _ some of its store open 24 hours on Mondays through Saturdays.A. keeps B. keep C. have kept D. had kept6【xx安徽】35. After school we went to the reading-room to do some reading, only to be told that it _ .A. was decorated B. had decorated C. had been decorating D. was being decorated 7【xx重慶】22.-Kevin, you look worried. Anything wrong? -Well, I_ a test and Im waiting for the result. A. will take B. took C. had taken D. take8【xx重慶】27. Food supplies in the flood-stricken area _.We must act immediately before theres none left.A. have run out B. are running outC. have been run out D. are being run out9【xx全國】23. “Life is like walking in the snow”, Granny used to say, “because every step .”A. has shown B. is showing C. shows D. showed10【xx全國】33.I had been working on math for the whole afternoon and the numbers _ before my eyes.A. swim B. swum C. swam D. had swum11.【xx北京】22. By the time you have finished this book, your meal _ cold.A. gets B. has got C. will get D. is getting12.【xx北京】25. George said that he would e to school to see me the next day, but he _.A. wouldnt B. didnt C. hasnt D. hadnt 13.【xx北京】29. Have you heard about that fire in the market? Yes, fortunately no one _.A. hurt B. was hurt C. has hurt D. had been hurt14.【xx北京】30. Our friendship _ quickly over the weeks that followed.A. had developed B. was developing C. would develop D. developed15.【xx北京】35. Dont handle the vase as if it _ made of steel.A. is B. were C. has been D. had been16.【xx福建】24.When did the puter crash? This morning, while I _ the reading materials downloaded from some websites.A. have sorted B. was sorting C. am sorting D. had sorted17.【xx陜西】24. Can I call you back at two oclock this afternoon?Im sorry, but by then I _ to Beijing. How about five?A. fly B. will fly C. will be flying D. am flying 18.【xx山東】28. After Jack had sent some e-mails, he _working on his project.A. had started B. has started C. started D. starts 19.【xx山東】34. The manager was concerned to hear that two of his trusted workers _. A. will leave B. are leaving C. have left D. were leaving20【xx湖南】22. Dont worry. The hard work that you do now _ later in life.A. will be repaid B. was being repaid C. has been repaid D. was repaid21【xx湖南】25. Close the door of fear behind you, and you _ the door of faith open before you.A. saw B. have seen C. will see D. are seeing 22【xx湖南】27. “The moment _ soon,” he thought to himself, waiting nervously. A. came B. has e C. was ing D. is ing 23【xx湖南】33. I remember you were a talented pianist at college. Can you play the piano for me?Sorry, I _ the piano for years.A. dont play B. wasnt playing C. havent played D. hadnt played 24【xx天津】2. The letter for the boss _ on his desk but he didnt read them until three days later.A. were put B. was put C. put D. has put 25【xx天津】12. The three of us _ around Europe for about a month last summer. A. traveled B. have traveled C. had traveled D. travel26【xx江西】26. Look! Somebody _ the sofa. Well, it wasnt me. I didnt do it.A. is cleaning B. was cleaning C. has cleaned D. had cleaned 27【xx遼寧】31. I feel so excited! At this time tomorrow morning I _ to Shanghai. A. will be flying B. will fly C. have been flying D. have flown28【xx遼寧】35. Mum, I was wondering if you could lend me a few dollars until I _ on Friday.A. get paid B. got paid C. have paid D. had been paid29【xx四川】9. Did you catch what I said?Sorry. I _ a text message just now.A. had answering B. have answered C. would answer D. was answering30【xx四川】11. They are living with their parents for the moment because their own house _.A. is being rebuilt B. has been rebuilt C. is rebuilt D. has rebuilt31【xx浙江】13. Peter had intended to take a job in business, but _ that plan after the unpleasant experience in Canada in xx.A. had abandoned B. abandoned C. abandon D. will abandon 32【xx浙江】16. Alvin, are you ing with us? Id love to, but something unexpected _.A. has e up B. was ing up C. had e up D. would e up 33【xx江蘇】32. The manager is said to have arrived back from Paris where he _ some European business partners.A. would meet B. is meeting C. meets D. had met 34【xx江蘇】34. The president hopes that the people will be better off when he quits than when he _.A. has started B. starts C. started D. will start【答案】1-5CCDDA 6-10DBBCC 11-15CBBDB 16-20BCCDA 21-25CDCBA 26-30CABDA 31-34BADC練習(xí) I. 選擇最佳答案填空選擇填空 從A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。 1. My aunt _ to see us. Shell be here soon. A. e