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第二部分重要語法,非謂語動(dòng)詞是高中英語的重點(diǎn)語法項(xiàng)目，掌握非謂語動(dòng)詞的基本用法，對(duì)增強(qiáng)書面表達(dá)的文采和提高閱讀理解能力都有明顯的作用。非謂語動(dòng)詞也是高考語法填空的必考點(diǎn)，每年必考一個(gè)小題。,非謂語動(dòng)詞,請(qǐng)做近年高考真題：1.(2013)Inthebeginning,therewasonlyaverysmallamountofunfairnessintheworld,buteveryoneaddedalittle,always________(think)thatitwasonlysmallandnotveryimportant,andlookwherewehaveendeduptoday.思路點(diǎn)撥：thinking因everyone與think是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞短語作added的伴隨狀語。,真題再練,2.(2012)Marywillneverforgetthefirsttimeshesawhim.Hesuddenlyappearedinclassoneday,_________(wear)sunglasses.思路點(diǎn)撥：wearing本句主語是he,且已有謂語動(dòng)詞appeared，括號(hào)中所給的動(dòng)詞wear前面沒有并列連詞，不會(huì)是并列謂語，因此，可以確定wear是非謂語動(dòng)詞；又因he與wear之間在邏輯上是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用wearing，作謂語動(dòng)詞appeared的伴隨狀語。,3.(2011)Igotonthebusandfoundaseatneartheback,andthenInoticedaman_________(sit)atthefront.思路點(diǎn)撥：sitting表示“注意到某人在做某事”是noticesb.doingsth.句型。,4.(2010)Afterthestudentleft,theteacherletanotherstudenttastethewater.Hespititout,_________(say)itwasawful.思路點(diǎn)撥：saying句中He是主語，spit是謂語動(dòng)詞，所給動(dòng)詞say前面沒有并列連詞，即不作并列謂語，它應(yīng)是非謂語動(dòng)詞；又因he與say是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞作伴隨狀語，填saying。順便說說，saying可以轉(zhuǎn)換成andsaid作并列謂語。,5.(2009)Shewishedthathewasaseasy_________(please)ashermother,whowasalwaysdelightedwithperfume.思路點(diǎn)撥：toplease在形容詞后作狀語，只能用動(dòng)詞不定式。,6.(2008)Forexample,theproverb,“pluckingupacrop_________(help)itgrow”,isbasedonthefollowingstory.思路點(diǎn)撥：tohelp在直接引語中的諺語，是theproverb的同位語，也就是說，直接引語是一個(gè)名詞短語，而不是句子。由此可知，括號(hào)中所給的動(dòng)詞help，不作謂語，是非謂語動(dòng)詞。因“助長(zhǎng)(helpitgrow)”是pluckingupacrop(拔苗)的目的，作目的狀語，要用不定式，故填tohelp。,7.(2007)Whileshewasgettingme______(settle)intoatinybutcleanroom,theheadofthevillagewastyinguphishorsetomycar.思路點(diǎn)撥：settled在while從句中，she是主語，wasgetting是謂語動(dòng)詞，括號(hào)中所給動(dòng)詞settle應(yīng)為非謂語動(dòng)詞；又由settlesb.into/in…(將某人安頓在某處)可知，sb.與settle在邏輯上是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故填過去分詞settled，作為賓語me的補(bǔ)足語，表示狀態(tài)。,考情分析,從上表可以看出，非謂語動(dòng)詞在高考語法填空中必考且只考1個(gè)小題；主要考查了三個(gè)方面：(1)現(xiàn)在分詞作伴隨狀語；(2)不定式作狀語；(3)分詞作賓補(bǔ)。,語法填空題中，若句中已有謂語動(dòng)詞，又不是并列謂語時(shí)，所給動(dòng)詞就是非謂語動(dòng)詞。若是非謂語動(dòng)詞就要確定是v-ing形式，-ed形式，還是todo，確定的方法主要有：(1)作伴隨狀語，通常用分詞，若與邏輯主語是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，用-ing形式；若是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，用-ed形式。(詳見上述第1，2，4小題的解題思路)(2)作目的狀語或在形容詞后作狀語，一般用不定式。(詳見上述第5，6小題的解題思路),解題技巧,(3)作賓語補(bǔ)足語則為do，todo,v-ing,v-ed形式，由不同的動(dòng)詞句型，以及賓語與賓補(bǔ)之間的主動(dòng)或被動(dòng)關(guān)系而定。(詳見上述第3，7小題的解題思路)(4)作主語或賓語，通常用v-ing形式表示習(xí)慣或一般情況，用不定式表示具體情況。(5)作表語最主要的是現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞：表示人“感到……的”用-ed形式；說明事物或人是“令人……的”，用-ing形式。,非謂語動(dòng)詞就是在句中不能單獨(dú)作謂語的動(dòng)詞形式，有不定式、-ing形式和-ed形式三種形式。但在傳統(tǒng)語法中，-ing形式又分現(xiàn)在分詞和動(dòng)名詞，-ed形式叫過去分詞，其中現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞又可統(tǒng)稱為分詞。非謂語動(dòng)詞，除語法填空每年必考外，在寫作中非常有用，因此，我們必須要全面了解，重點(diǎn)掌握。一、非謂語動(dòng)詞的三個(gè)基礎(chǔ)1.非謂語動(dòng)詞的句法功能。,考點(diǎn)歸納,各種形式的用法特征和句法功能見下表：,2.非謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)(以do為例)。,時(shí)態(tài)：若非謂語動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作之前，用完成式，否則用一般式。語態(tài)：當(dāng)非謂語動(dòng)詞與其邏輯主語是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，用主動(dòng)式；是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，用被動(dòng)式。3.非謂語動(dòng)詞的邏輯主語。,［例1］Havingworkedabroadforfiveyears,hecamebacktohismotherland.他在國(guó)外工作五年之后回到了祖國(guó)。(=Afterhehadworkedforfiveyears,he…)分析：因邏輯主語he與work是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以用-ing形式的主動(dòng)式作狀語；又因“在國(guó)外工作了五年”發(fā)生在“回來”之前，所以用完成式。,［例2］“Wecan’tgooutinthisweather,”saidBob,lookingoutofthewindow.“這樣的天氣我們不能出去，”鮑勃望著窗外說。分析：因邏輯主語Bob與look是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，用-ing形式的主動(dòng)式作伴隨狀語；又因look是伴隨著said，同時(shí)發(fā)生的，所以用一般式。,［例3］Hecamein,followedbyhissecretary.他走了進(jìn)來，后面跟著他的秘書。分析：因邏輯主語he與follow(跟隨)是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用過去分詞作伴隨狀語，follow與camein同時(shí)發(fā)生。,［例4］Mylittlebrothershouldlovetobetakentotheparkthisafternoon.我弟弟希望今天下午帶他去公園。分析：因邏輯主語Mylittlebrother與take(帶)是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用被動(dòng)式；又因shouldlove后習(xí)慣接不定式，不定式表示未來，用一般式，所以用tobetaken。,若與謂語動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，并強(qiáng)調(diào)正在進(jìn)行的情景或持續(xù)性，可用不定式的進(jìn)行式。如：WhenIcamein,LiMingseemedtobereadinganovel.我進(jìn)來時(shí)，李明好像在看小說。注意以下3點(diǎn)：(1)在作表語和補(bǔ)語的形容詞后作狀語，用不定式的主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)含義。如：Thistextiseasytolearn.這篇課文很容易學(xué)。,Ifindthistexteasytolearn.我覺得這篇課文很容易學(xué)。(2)在表示“需要”的need,want,require等后用v-ing的主動(dòng)式表示被動(dòng)含義，此時(shí)也可用不定式的被動(dòng)式。如：MyEnglishneedsimproving/tobeimproved.我的英語需要提高。(3)表示“有……要……”用不定式的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。如：,Ihavealotofworktodo.我有許多事要做。(4)作表語的toblame是主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)。如：Heistoblameforthis.他會(huì)因此而受到責(zé)備.二、非謂語動(dòng)詞的用法比較1.作主語。不定式表示特定、具體的、一次性的、未來的行為，而-ing形式表示泛指的、一般的、習(xí)慣性的行為。如：,Learningaforeignlanguageneedstimeandpatience.學(xué)好外語需要時(shí)間和耐心。(一般)Totellhimthetruthnowwillhurthim.現(xiàn)在告訴他事情的真相會(huì)傷害到他。(具體)為保持句子平衡，常用it作為形式主語，把作主語的不定式或-ing形式移到句末。如：Itisnecessaryforustolearnaforeignlanguage.我們有必要學(xué)一門外語。,另外，注意以下幾點(diǎn)：(1)主語與表語用同一形式。如：Seeingisbelieving./Toseeistobelieve.眼見為實(shí)。(2)在Itisnouse/Itisuseless/Itisnogood/Itisworthwhiledoing句形中，通常用-ing形式。如：Itisnousetalkingyourtroubletoamanlikehim.跟他那樣的人談你的煩惱沒有用。,2.作賓語。(1)只接不定式作賓語的動(dòng)詞或短語：有ask,demand(要求),plan,intend,mean(計(jì)劃),manage,do/tryone’sbest,makeanattempt,(努力),learn(學(xué)習(xí)),wish,hope,desire,expect,long,want,wouldlike,shouldlike,wouldprefer(希望、愿意),agree,promise(同意),decide,determine,choose,makeadecision,makeupone’smind(決定),offer(主動(dòng)提出),apply(申請(qǐng)),help(幫助),fail(不能、沒有),prepare(準(zhǔn)備),pretend(假裝),refuse(拒絕),happen(碰巧),afford(負(fù)擔(dān)得起)等。,Iplantorememberthe3,500Englishwordsthisterm.我計(jì)劃在本學(xué)期記下那3,500個(gè)英語單詞。(2)只接-ing形式作賓語的動(dòng)詞或短語：有allow,permit(允許),consider(考慮),suggest,advice(建議),keep(on)(反復(fù);不停),finish(完成),imagine(想象),practise(練習(xí)),understand(明白),appreciate,enjoy(喜歡),miss(錯(cuò)過;懷念),prevent(阻止),forbid(禁止),,escape(避免),include(包括),forgive,pardon,excuse(原諒),dislike(厭惡),discuss(討論),report(報(bào)道),admit(承認(rèn)),mind(介意),risk(冒險(xiǎn)),can’tstand(不能忍受),burstout(突然開始),feellike(想要),insiston(堅(jiān)持),delay,putoff(推遲),giveup(放棄),bebusy(忙于),beworth(值得)等。ShesuggestedaskingMr.Liforhisopinion.她建議征求李老師的意見。,(3)接不定式和-ing形式意義不同的詞：有①remembertodo(記住去做)，rememberdoing(記得做過)；②forgettodo(忘記去做)，forgetdoing(忘記做過)；③regrettodo(遺憾地做)，regretdoing(后悔做了)；④trytodo(設(shè)法做)，trydoing(試做)；⑤goontodo(接著做另一事)，goondoing(繼續(xù)做同一事)；⑥meantodo(打算做)，meandoing(意味著)；⑦stoptodo(停下來去做)，stopdoing(停止做)；⑨can’thelptodo(不能幫助做)，can’thelpdoing(情不自禁做)等。,Remembertopayhim.記住要付錢給他。(錢還未付)Irememberpaying(or:havingpaid)him.我記得已經(jīng)付給他錢了。(4)介詞后一般只能接-ing形式作賓語，以下短語動(dòng)詞中的to是介詞：,有l(wèi)ookforwardto(盼望),be/getusedto(習(xí)慣),getdownto(開始認(rèn)真),payattentionto(注意),bedevotedto/devote…to(致力于),leadto(導(dǎo)致),referto(談到),pointto(指向),turnto(轉(zhuǎn)向),objectto(反對(duì)),equalto(等于、能勝任),belongto(屬于)等。Heobjectedtobeingtreatedlikeachild.他反對(duì)被當(dāng)作小孩子看待。,3.作表語。(1)v-ing形式作表語，說明主語的性質(zhì)特征，意為“令人……的”，多指事物(現(xiàn)在分詞相當(dāng)于形容詞)；也可以說明主語的內(nèi)容(動(dòng)名詞)。如：Thisnewsisexciting.這個(gè)消息令人激動(dòng)。(性質(zhì)——現(xiàn)在分詞)Myworkisteaching./Teachingismywork.我的工作是教書。(內(nèi)容——?jiǎng)用~),(2)v-ed形式表示性質(zhì)特征，意為“感到……的”，多指人。Everybodyfeelsexcitedaboutit.大家都為此感到興奮。(3)不定式作表語有三種情況：①主語與表語“等價(jià)”時(shí)。Hisdreamistobeadmittedbyakeyuniversity.他的夢(mèng)想是考上重點(diǎn)大學(xué)。,②在seem,appear,prove(證明是)，turnout(結(jié)果是)等后。Heappearstowanttoleave.他看來要走了。③表示計(jì)劃、應(yīng)該、約定、命令、命中注定等。Wearetomeetattheschoolgate.我們將在校門口碰頭。(約定),4.作賓語補(bǔ)足語。當(dāng)賓語與作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞在邏輯上是主動(dòng)關(guān)系時(shí)，用不定式(全過程)或-ing形式(正在進(jìn)行或一直處于某種狀態(tài))；是被動(dòng)關(guān)系時(shí)，用-ed形式。另外，請(qǐng)注意復(fù)習(xí)以下3點(diǎn)：(1)接不定式作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞。主要有tell,ask,expect,inspire,encourage,allow，advise,remind，persuade，require，force，forbid等。在help后作賓補(bǔ)的不定式帶不帶to均可。如：,Mr.Wangoftenencouragesustostudyhard.王老師常常鼓勵(lì)我們努力學(xué)習(xí)。(2)接不帶to的不定式作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞。主要有hear,listento,let,make,have,see,watch,notice,observe等，表示動(dòng)作的全過程。Isawhimgoout.我看到他出去了。但被動(dòng)語態(tài)中，要加上to。Hewasseentogoout.有人看到他出去了。,(3)接-ing形式作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞。主要有hear,see,watch,feel,find等，表示在“看到，聽到”時(shí)“正在發(fā)生”。Iheardhersingingjustnow.剛才我聽到她在唱歌。5.作定語。(1)-ing形式作定語，表示某動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行(現(xiàn)在分詞)，或說明名詞的功能(動(dòng)名詞)。如：,asleepingbaby(=ababywhoissleeping)一個(gè)正熟睡的嬰兒；areadingroom(=aroomforreading)閱覽室。(2)用-ing形式表示主動(dòng)、正在進(jìn)行，-ed形式被動(dòng)、完成，不定式表示將來，三者都可以轉(zhuǎn)化為定語從句。如：Theboystandingthereisafriendofmine.站在那邊那個(gè)男孩是我的一個(gè)朋友。(=Theboywhoisstandingthereis…),Thebuildingbeingbuiltwillbeourlibrary.現(xiàn)在正在建的那座房子將是我們的圖書館。(=Thebuildingwhichisbeingbuiltis…)Thebuildingbuiltlastyearisourlibrary.去年建好的那座房子是我們的圖書館。(Thebuildingwhichwasbuiltlastyearis…)Thebuildingtobebuiltnextmonthwillbeourlibrary.下個(gè)月要建的房子將是我們的圖書館。(=Thebuildingwhichwillbebuiltnextmonth…),表示“第幾個(gè)做某事的人”用thefirst/second(+n.)todosth.如：Tomwasthefirstpersontoarriveatschool.湯姆是第一個(gè)到校的人。(3)表示情感的動(dòng)詞，-ing形式表示“令人……的”，-ed形式表示“感到……的”。如：excitingnews令人激動(dòng)的消息；excitedexpression臉上興奮的表情。,6.作狀語。(1)作目的狀語或在形容詞后作狀語,用動(dòng)詞不定式。Hehasbeenworkinghardtogetagoodmark.為了獲得好成績(jī)，他一直在努力學(xué)習(xí)。Hisfather,Ithink,ispleasedtopersuadehim.我認(rèn)為，他父親樂意去說服他。(2)不定式作狀語，表示原因，多用于表示情感反應(yīng)的動(dòng)詞、形容詞(如glad,sorry,surprised,frightened,delighted)之后，只能放在句末，且不用逗號(hào)。如：,Iamverygladtoseeyou.見到你我非常高興。(3)-ing形式和-ed形式作狀語，可表示伴隨、時(shí)間、原因、條件、結(jié)果、讓步等，表示伴隨時(shí)可轉(zhuǎn)化為并列謂語，其他情況一般可轉(zhuǎn)化為相應(yīng)的狀語從句。①表伴隨：Theysatthere,talkinghappily.他們坐在那里高興地交談著。(=…andtalkedhappily),Theteacherstoodthere,surroundedbyalotofstudents.那位老師站在那里，有許多學(xué)生圍著。(=…andwassurrounded…/whowassurrounded…)②表時(shí)間：Hearingthebadnews,theycouldn’thelpcrying.聽到這條壞消息后，他們情不自禁地哭了起來。(=When/Aftertheyheardthebadnews,they…),③表原因：Bornintoapeasantfamily，hehadonlytwoyearsofschooling.他出生于農(nóng)民家庭，只上過兩年學(xué)。(=Ashewasborn…)④表?xiàng)l件：Givenalittlemoretime,Iwouldhaveworkedouttheproblem.如果再多給我一點(diǎn)時(shí)間，我就會(huì)做出那道題目了。(=IfIhadbeengivenalittlemoretime,I…)⑤表結(jié)果：Wesetoffveryearly,arrivingthereaheadoftime.我們動(dòng)身很早，結(jié)果提前到達(dá)了那里。(…sothatwearrived…),⑥表讓步：Beingtired,theywentonworking.雖然累了，但他們繼續(xù)工作。(=Althoughtheyweretired,they…)(4)不定式表結(jié)果，其動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞之后，往往表示未曾預(yù)料到的或令人不快的，前面常加only；也還用于too…to,enoughto,so/such…asto等固定結(jié)構(gòu)中。-ing形式表示的結(jié)果，是伴隨謂語動(dòng)詞的發(fā)生而產(chǎn)生的自然結(jié)果(同時(shí)發(fā)生)，謂語動(dòng)詞與現(xiàn)在分詞的動(dòng)作是因果關(guān)系。如：,Hehurriedtothestation,onlytofind(andfound)thetrainhadleft.他匆匆忙忙趕到火車站，結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)那趟火車已走了。Europeanfootballisplayedin80countries,making(=whichmakes)itthemostpopularsportintheworld.歐洲足球有80個(gè)國(guó)家都在踢，結(jié)果使得它成為世界上最流行的運(yùn)動(dòng)。另外，有時(shí)前面還帶有連詞，即“連詞+-ing形式”“連詞+-ed形式”。如：,Youmustbecarefulwhilecrossingtheroad.你過馬路時(shí)一定得小心。(=whileyouarecrossing…)Iwon’tgototheirweddingunlessinvited.除非得到邀請(qǐng)，否則我不會(huì)出席他們的婚禮。(=…unlessIaminvited),一、單句填空用所給詞的正確形式填空。1.(2013福建)___________(know)basicfirst-aidtechniqueswillhelpyourespondquicklytoemergencies.Knowing因句中willhelp是謂語，前面應(yīng)是非謂語動(dòng)詞作主語，表示一般或抽象，用-ing形式。,實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練,2.(2011深圳二模)Instantly,Ifeltsosorry.Ihadintended_________(help)her,completelymisunderstandingher.tohelp因intend后只能接不定式作賓語，故填tohelp。,3.(2013廣州二模)ThebookclaimedthatIndia’speoplewereverywelcomingoftourists,andnevertried_________(cheat)them.AsIreadIfeltdeeplytouchedbythesewarmwords.tocheat表示“試圖做某事”，try后要接不定式作賓語。,4.(2009廣州二模)Iwasn’tusedto_________(take)careoflikethatanditwasatthismomentthathisunspokenconcerncaughtmebysurprise.beingtaken由句意可知wasn’tusedto意為“不習(xí)慣”，to是介詞，后面只能接-ing形式作賓語；又因takecareof后沒有賓語了，可知I與takecareof是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故填beingtaken。,5.(2012廣州二模)Themainfindingofthe30countriessurveyisthattheequalitybetweenmenandwomenisvitalto_________(improve)livingstandardsandhealth,especiallyforchildrenindevelopingcountries.improving表示“對(duì)關(guān)系重大”的bevitalto中的to是介詞，用-ing形式作賓語。,6.(2013深圳二模)Themanwasso_______(move)thathehadtofightbacktears.moved作表語，表示人“感動(dòng)的”，用-ed形式。,7.(2013重慶)Theenginejustwon’tstart.Somethingseems_________(go)wrongwithit.tohavegone因seem后只能接不定式作表語，不能接-ed或-ing形式，且根據(jù)句意“引擎發(fā)不動(dòng)，看起來好像已經(jīng)出了毛病了”，可知要用不定式的完成式。,8.(2009廣州一模)Ontheirreturnthefatheraskedhisson_________(explain)whathehadlearnt.toexplain由asksb.todosth.可知，用不定式作賓補(bǔ)。,9.(2013北京)Whenwesawtheroad_________(block)withsnow,wedecidedtospendtheholidayathome.blocked因theroad與block(阻礙，堵塞)是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以用-ed形式作賓補(bǔ)。,10.(2013陜西)Letthoseinneed_________(understand)thatwewillgoallouttohelpthem.understand句中inneed是those的定語，意為“有需要的人”，考查的是letsb.dosth.句型，所以用不帶to的不定式作賓補(bǔ)。,11.(2011深圳一模)Shewillliftherforktoswallowamouthful,andthenputitdownagaintomakeanotherpoint,leavingalmostallofhermeal_________(touch).untouched因allofhermeal與touch是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，要用-ed形式作賓補(bǔ)；因“將餐叉放下，又考慮另外的問題了”，所以“留下幾乎所有的飯菜，再也沒有碰過了”，故填其反義詞untouched。,12.(2007廣州二模)Withtheproblem________(solve),Ifeltproudofmyachievement.solved因theproblem與solve是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，又由后面“為取得的成績(jī)感到驕傲”可知，問題已經(jīng)解決，故用-ed形容作賓補(bǔ)。,13.(2009深圳二模)ArealtrialbeganwhenIstoodontheplatformwithmylegs_________(tremble)andmymindblank.Howmuchtimehadpassedby,Ididn’tknow.trembling因mylegs與tremble是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，又與stood同時(shí)發(fā)生，故用-ing形式作賓補(bǔ)。,14.(2013深圳二模)_________(open)it,hefoundtwosmalltablematsandasumofmoneytotaling＄25,000.Opening因he與open是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，且open與found同時(shí)發(fā)生，所以用-ing形式作狀語，表示時(shí)間。,15.(2009深圳一模)_________(teach)tobehavewell,mysisterandIrespectedotherpeople,regardlessoftheirageorcolor.Mygrandmotherwaslovedbyallthepeoplearoundher.Taught因mysisterandI與teach是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，用-ed形式作原因狀語。,16.(2013深圳一模)SoonhedisappearedintheMen’s.Istoodthere_________(puzzle).SuddenlyIrealized…puzzled因I與puzzle(使迷惑)是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，用-ed形式作狀語，表示伴隨狀態(tài)。,17.(2013廣州一模)Theyoftentakechildrenonday-trips,_________(bring)alongwiththemallkindsoffoodforthekidstoenjoy.bringing因與They是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，用-ing形式作伴隨狀語。,18.(2012廣州一模)Thecheerfulandoptimisticrabbitthrewhimselfintolookingforthecarrot,_______________(dig)hereandthere,totallyconvincedthathewouldfindit.digging因rabbit與dig是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，用-ing形式作伴隨狀語。,19.(2013課標(biāo))Igottotheofficeearlierthatday,_________(catch)the7:30trainfromPadington.havingcaught因有逗號(hào),后面不可能是不定式；因邏輯主語I與catch是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，用-ing形式；“趕上七點(diǎn)半的火車”應(yīng)在“到達(dá)辦公室”之前，發(fā)生在謂語之前，要用完成式，所以填havingcaught。-ing形式的完成式作狀語，表示原因，相當(dāng)于becauseIhadcaught…。,20.(2013北京)________(find)thecourseverydifficult,shedecidedtomovetoalowerlevel.Finding因she與find是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用-ing形式，作狀語，表示原因，相當(dāng)于Asshefound…。,21.(2013重慶)WhenIwaslittle,mymotherusedtositbymybed,_________(tell)mestoriestillIfellasleep.telling因mymother與tell是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，用-ing形式作sit的伴隨狀語，相當(dāng)于andtell…。,22.(2013山東)_________(eat)atthecafeteriabefore,Tinadidn’twanttoeatthereagain.Havingeaten因Tina與eat是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，用-ing形式作狀語；“以前在那個(gè)自助餐廳吃過”應(yīng)是在“不想再去那里吃”之前，發(fā)生在謂語之前，用完成式。這里是表示原因，相當(dāng)于Asshehadeatenat…。,23.(2013山東)Istoppedthecar_________(take)ashortbreakasIwasfeelingtired.totake因“休息一會(huì)”是“停車”的目的，作目的狀語，要用不定式。,24.(2013湖南)Thesunbegantoriseinthesky,_________(bath)themountainingoldenlight.bathing因thesun與bath(使沐浴在……中)是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，又是同時(shí)發(fā)生，故用-ing形式作狀語，表示伴隨。,25._________(admit)toakeyuniversity,allthestudentsinSenior3aremakinggreateffortstostudy.Tobeadmitted因“考入/被重點(diǎn)大學(xué)錄取”是“努力學(xué)習(xí)”的目的，作目的狀語要用不定式，又因allthestudents與admit(允許進(jìn)入)是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用不定式的被動(dòng)式。,26.________(complete)allthehomeworkassignedbytheschool,thestudentshavetoworkatittillmidnight.Tocomplete作目的狀語。,27.(2013廣州二模)Ihadnootherchoice_____(leave),soIagreedtopay,butonlyaftermybagwasreturned.left因choice與leave是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，用-ed形式作定語。,28.(2011廣州一模)Dudley,whichisprobablytheheartoftheBlackCountry,hasahistory_________(date)backover1,000years.dating作定語，修飾history。,29.(2010廣州二模)Buttheleadersdidnotannounceany_________(detail)planforGreeceaftermeetingThursdayinBrussels.detailed因plan與detail(詳述)是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，用-ed形式作定語，表示“詳細(xì)的”計(jì)劃。,30.(2013北京)Volunteeringgivesyouachance_________(change)lives,includingyourown.tochange不定式作定語，意為：志愿者工作給了你一個(gè)“改變生活的”機(jī)會(huì)，包括你自己的生活。tochangelives…相當(dāng)于whichcanchangelives…。,31.(2013天津)Insomelanguages,100wordsmakeuphalfofallwords_________(use)indailyconversations.used意為“日常會(huì)話中使用的詞匯”，words與use是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，用-ed形式作后置定語。used…相當(dāng)于定語從句whichwereused…。,32.(2013山東)Theroomisemptyexceptforabookshelf_________(stand)inonecorner.standing因abookshelf與stand是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，用-ing形式作定語，standing相當(dāng)于whichstands…,33.(2013遼寧)LaurawasawayinParisforoveraweek.Whenshegothome,therewasapileofmail_________(wait)forher.waiting因apileofmail與wait是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，用-ing形式作定語，waiting相當(dāng)于thatiswaiting…,34.(2013湖南)Youcannotacceptanopinion_________(offer)toyouunlessitisbasedonfacts.offered因anopinion與offer是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以用-ed形式作定語，offered相當(dāng)于whichisoffered。句意：你不會(huì)接受別人給你提的看法，除非是以事實(shí)為根據(jù)的看法。,35.(2013四川)Theairport_________(complete)nextyearwillhelppromotetourisminthisarea.tobecompleted由nextyear可知，是將來完工，用不定式；又因theairport與complete是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,所以用不定式的被動(dòng)式作定語,tobecompleted相當(dāng)于whichwillbecompleted。,36.China’sfirstaircraftcarrier,_________(measure)aslongas304meters,washandedovertothePeople’sLiberationArmyNavyin2012.measuring。因China’sfirstaircraftcarrier與measure(=be)是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，用-ing形式作定語，measuring…相當(dāng)于定語從句whichmeasures…。,37.(2008深圳一模)Mypupils,Donnie________(include),adoredher.Withherfrequentencouragement,Donniebecameconfident.included因Donnie與include是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，用-ed形式。順便說說，表示“包括唐尼”可以是Donnieincluded也可以是includingDonnie。,38.(2013安徽)_________(found)intheearly20thcentury,theschoolkeepsoninspiringchildren’sloveofart.Founded因theschool與found(成立)是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，用-ed形式表示被動(dòng)、完成。,39.(2014茂名二模)MyeyeswateredabitasIwatchedthissceneandrememberedallthetimeswhenmyownchildrenhadranintomyarmswith_________(smile)faces.smiling現(xiàn)在分詞作定語的用法，中心詞faces與定語“微笑”是主謂關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞。,40.(2014茂名一模)…afterluckily________(succeed)inthenationalcollegeentranceexamination,Irealizedmydreamagain.succeeding在介詞after后作賓語，要用動(dòng)名詞。,41.(2014廣州一模)TheNorthernEssexCommunityCollege(NECC)studentsandoneoftheirteachersspentpartoftheirspringbreakinNewYorkCity,helpingrepairanarea_________(destroy)bythehurricane.destroyed。根據(jù)句意可知用過去分詞作定語，表被動(dòng)。,42.(2014佛山一模)Theyobservedbirdsflying_________(get)ideas,aswellasreadaboutotherinventors’attemptstomakeaircraft.toget不定式作目的狀語。,43.(2014廣州一模)Insidethebuilding,thestudentssawnothingbutbrokenwallsanddoorsandpiecesofthebuilding_________(lie)allovertheplace.lying現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語，表狀態(tài)。,44.(2014廣州調(diào)研)Withinashorttimeofhisdeath,moneystartedpouringinfromalloverScotland_________(support)hiswidowandchildren.tosupport不定式作狀語，表目的。,45.(2014廣州調(diào)研)Hediedattheageof37asaresultofaweakheart,broughtonbyyearsofpoorworkingconditionsonthefarm_________(date)backtohischildhood.dating現(xiàn)在分詞作定語修飾前面的years。,46.(2014深圳一模)Tomshookhishead,wentbacktothemarketandreturned_________(inform)theboss＄1.2perkg.toinform在謂語動(dòng)詞returned后作目的狀語，用不定式。,47.(2014惠州三模)Theyranawayquicklyandhid._________(breath)heavilyafterhidinginthemouse-hole…Breathing現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語，表時(shí)間。,48.(2014江門一模)InMountBerry,Georgia,peoplefindagroupofschools_______(build)speciallyformountainchildren.built此處作后置定語，修飾schools，兩者是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故應(yīng)填其過去分詞形式built。,49.(2013佛山一模)_________(compare)withpeoplewhohavetobeintheirofficesduringtheday,Idon’thavetogetupearly…Compared非謂語動(dòng)詞作狀語，表示“與……相比”要用過去分詞comparedwith/to…,二、語篇填空用所給動(dòng)詞的正確形式填空。1._______(fall)inlovewithabeautifulgirl,alionwenttoherparentsandaskedthem2._________(marry)hertohim.Theoldparentsdidnotknowwhattosay.Not3.________(hope)togivetheirdaughtertothelion,theydidnotwant4.________(anger)thekingofbeasts.Atlastthefathersaid,“Weareasgladasotherparents5.________(marry)ourdaughter,Falling,tomarry,hoping,toanger,tomarry,toyou,butwefearthatyoumightpossiblyhurther.So6.__________(remove)yourclawsandteeth,youcanmarryher.”7._________(love)thegirlverymuch,theliontrimmed(修剪)hisclawsandtookouthisbigteeth.8.__________(come)totheparentsagain,hewassimplylaughedinhisface.9._______(beat)outofthehouse,thelionfelt10._________(depress)anddiedsoon.,removing,Loving,Coming,Beaten,depressed,這是一則有深刻意義的寓言故事。寓意:有些人輕易相信別人的話，拋棄自己的長(zhǎng)處，結(jié)果輕而易舉地被原來害怕自己的人擊敗了。1.Falling因alion與fall是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，用-ing形式作狀語，表示原因。2.tomarry由asksb.todosth.可知，用不定式作賓補(bǔ)。3.hoping因they與hope是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，用-ing形式作狀語，表示讓步，相當(dāng)于Althoughtheydidn’thopeto…。,4.toanger因want后只能用不定式作賓語，意為“不想激怒百獸之王”。5.tomarry在作表語的形容詞glad后作狀語，表示原因，只能用不定式。6.removing因you與remove是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，用-ing形式，作狀語，表示條件，相當(dāng)于ifyouremove…。7.Loving因thelion與love是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，用-ing形式，作狀語，表示原因。,8.Coming因he與come是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，用-ing形式作伴隨狀語。9.Beaten因thelion與beat是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，用-ed形式作狀語，表示原因。10.depressed表示獅子“感到沮喪的”，用過去分詞形式作表語。,