2019-2020年高考英語二輪專題復(fù)習(xí) 專題一 冠詞和名詞練習(xí)1(xx課標(biāo)卷)India attained _ independence in 1947, after _ long struggle.A/; aBthe; aCan; / Dan; the解析：印度經(jīng)過長(zhǎng)期斗爭(zhēng)后，在1947年獲得了獨(dú)立。本題考查冠詞的基本用法。因?yàn)閕ndependence是抽象名詞，在本句表泛指，故前面用零冠詞；struggle為可數(shù)名詞，在本句中表示泛指，故第二個(gè)空格為a。故答案為A項(xiàng)。答案：A2(xx重慶卷)The parents were shocked by _ news that their son needed _ operation on his knee.Aa; / Bthe; /Cthe; an Da; an解析：這對(duì)父母被他們的兒子需要做膝部手術(shù)的消息震驚了。本題考查冠詞的基本用法。第一空處news后有同位語從句解釋說明news的內(nèi)容，表特指，故使用定冠詞the；第二空處表示在膝部做的一個(gè)手術(shù)，表泛指，故用不定冠詞an。答案：C3(xx山東卷)It was _ cold winter night and the moon was shining brightly across _ night sky.A/; a Ba; theCthe; a Dthe; /解析：句意：那是一個(gè)寒冷冬天的夜晚，月亮在夜空閃耀著。本題考查冠詞的基本用法。第一個(gè)空用不定冠詞表示泛指；第二個(gè)空表示特指；the night sky夜空。答案：B4(xx陜西卷)Marco Polo is said to have sailed on _ Pacific Ocean on his way to Java in _ thirteenth century.Athe; a Ba; /C/; the Dthe; the解析：據(jù)說在十三世紀(jì)馬可波羅去爪哇島途中曾航行經(jīng)過太平洋。在海洋、江河等專有名詞前面要用定冠詞the; thirteenth是序數(shù)詞，前面也要用the，故選D項(xiàng)。答案：D5(xx福建卷)The “Chinese Dream” is _ dream to improve peoples wellbeing and _ dream of harmony, peace and development.Athe; a Ba; aCa; the Dthe; the解析：句意：“中國(guó)夢(mèng)”是一個(gè)改善民生的夢(mèng)，是一個(gè)和諧、和平和發(fā)展的夢(mèng)。本題考查冠詞的基本用法。dream是可數(shù)名詞，此處用不定冠詞a表示“一個(gè)”的意思，故答案為B項(xiàng)。答案：B6(xx天津卷)While she was in Paris, she developed a _ for fine art.Away BrelationCtaste Dhabit解析：句意：在巴黎期間，她培養(yǎng)了對(duì)美術(shù)的興趣。本題考查名詞辨析。A：方式，方法；B：關(guān)系；D：習(xí)慣。taste作名詞時(shí)，意為“愛好，嗜好”。答案：C7(xx浙江卷)As the worlds population continues to grow, the _ of food bees more and more of a concern.Aworth BsupplyCpackage Dlist解析：句意：隨著世界人口的持續(xù)增長(zhǎng)，食物的供應(yīng)越來越成為一個(gè)關(guān)注的焦點(diǎn)。本題考查名詞詞義辨析。A：價(jià)值；B：供應(yīng)；C：包；D：清單。答案：B8(xx遼寧卷)The accident caused some _ to my car, but its nothing serious.Aharm BinjuryCruin Ddamage解析：句意：這場(chǎng)事故給我的車造成了一定的損壞，但問題不嚴(yán)重?？疾槊~。根據(jù)短語搭配cause some damage to.“對(duì)造成一定的損壞”，選D項(xiàng)。harm傷害，損害，常用于do harm to短語中；injury傷害，常用于對(duì)人身體的傷害；ruin毀滅，破產(chǎn)。答案：D9(xx江蘇卷)With inspiration from other food cultures, American food culture can take a _ for the better.Ashare BchanceCturn Dlead解析：句意：在其他飲食文化的啟發(fā)下，美國(guó)的飲食文化可能會(huì)向更好的方向轉(zhuǎn)變。本題考查名詞辨析。share份額，股份；chance機(jī)會(huì)，可能；turn變化，轉(zhuǎn)變；lead榜樣，領(lǐng)先。答案：C10(xx江西卷)Whenever I made mistakes, the teacher pointed them out with _.Acuriosity BsatisfactionCenvy Dpatience解析：每當(dāng)我犯錯(cuò)時(shí)，老師都會(huì)耐心地把它們指出來。本題考查名詞辨析。A：好奇，好奇心；B：滿意，滿足；C：嫉妒，羨慕；D：耐心，忍耐力。根據(jù)語境選D項(xiàng)。答案：D1(xx蘇北一模)Mr. Joe, _ professor at the University of Fribourg, is famous for his academic achievements in _ World History.Athe; / Bthe; aCa; the Da; /解析：句意：?jiǎn)滔壬現(xiàn)ribourg大學(xué)的一個(gè)教授，因?yàn)樗谑澜缡贩矫娴膶W(xué)術(shù)成就而聞名。本題考查冠詞的用法。根據(jù)句意，喬先生是這所大學(xué)的教授之一，為泛指；另外World History作為一門學(xué)科，不需要加冠詞，故選D項(xiàng)。答案：D2(xx石家莊質(zhì)檢二)Liang Bo, the champion of the Voice of China, is a man of _ few words but has _ remarkable inner strength.A/; a Ba; aCthe; / D/; the解析：句意：梁博中國(guó)好聲音冠軍，是一個(gè)不善言談卻有非凡的內(nèi)在力量的人。第一空考查a few與few的區(qū)別。few少，a few等于several(幾個(gè))。本句表示“說話很少”，故第一空用零冠詞，排除B、C兩項(xiàng)；strength在本句中表泛指，故答案為A項(xiàng)。答案：A3(xx安徽聯(lián)考)As _ child, my father often spent all Sundays relaxing outdoors, even playing for hours at _ time.That is my fathers story, too.Aa; the B/; aCa; a D/; the解析：句意：我父親小時(shí)候經(jīng)常把所有的周日都花在戶外放松上，甚至一次要玩上幾個(gè)小時(shí)。那也是我父親的經(jīng)歷。本題考查冠詞。第一空后的child為單數(shù)名詞，在本句中表示泛指，故用不定冠詞。第二空考查冠詞的習(xí)慣用法。at a time 為固定短語，意為“一次”。又如：Dont enter at once. One at a time. 不要同時(shí)全進(jìn)來，一次進(jìn)一個(gè)人。答案：C4(xx河北質(zhì)檢)_ Chinese government has decided to introduce more measures to improve the public transport systems in _ countrys crowded urban areas.AA; / BThe; /CThe; a DThe ；the解析：句意：中國(guó)政府已經(jīng)決定采取更多的措施來改善該國(guó)擁擠城市的公共交通系統(tǒng)。兩個(gè)空后的名詞government和country在本句中均表特指，故用定冠詞。答案：D5(xx南昌一模)As _ mountains surrounding our village are turning much greener, they have bee _ home to a large number of wild animals.Athe; / Bthe; aC/; a Dthe; the解析：句意：當(dāng)我們村周圍的群山變綠時(shí)，它們便成了很多野生動(dòng)物的棲息地。根據(jù)句意可知，第一空的mountains在本句中表示特指，故用定冠詞，排除C項(xiàng)；“be/bee home to.”為固定搭配，相當(dāng)于be/bee the home of.，意為“的棲息地”。答案：A6(xx合肥三模)I found myself talking to _ Zhu Jun! Not _ Zhu Jun from CCTV, of course, but someone with the same name.A/; the Bthe; aCthe; / D/; a解析：句意：我發(fā)現(xiàn)我自己正在跟朱軍講話！當(dāng)然不是中央電視臺(tái)的那個(gè)朱軍，而是一樣名字的一個(gè)人。本題考查冠詞的用法。第一個(gè)Zhu Jun為純專有名詞，不加冠詞；第二個(gè)Zhu Jun是被普通化的專有名詞，后有定語，因此為特指，故選A項(xiàng)。答案：A7(xx日照二模)The teacher praised me for _ progress Id made, which was _ great encouragement to me.Athe; / Bthe; aC/; a D/; /解析：句意：老師因?yàn)槲胰〉玫倪M(jìn)步而表?yè)P(yáng)我，這對(duì)我是一個(gè)很大的鼓勵(lì)。本題考查冠詞的用法。progress后有定語從句修飾，意為“我取得的進(jìn)步”，為特指；第二空a great encouragement意為“一件很鼓舞人的事情”，此處encouragement為可數(shù)名詞，故選B項(xiàng)。答案：B8(xx安徽聯(lián)考)We Chinese have a dream_ dream to turn a welloff life into _ reality by 2020.Aa; / Bthe; /Ca; a D/; /解析：句意：我們中國(guó)人有一個(gè)夢(mèng)想，即到2020年實(shí)現(xiàn)小康生活。第一空及后面的dream與破折號(hào)前的a dream為同位關(guān)系，故第一空用不定冠詞；第二空考查冠詞的習(xí)慣用法。turn.into reality為固定結(jié)構(gòu)。答案：A9(xx大連雙基)Mo Yan, a most widelyread writer, takes a plete new _ to describing Chinas rural and folk culture.Away BapproachCpassage Dentry解析：句意：莫言的作品被廣泛閱讀，他采用了全新的方法來描述中國(guó)的鄉(xiāng)村民俗文化。an approach to為固定搭配，相當(dāng)于a way of，意為“的方法”；passage指人們行走的“通道，走廊”，不合本句要求；entry意為“進(jìn)入，進(jìn)入權(quán)，入口處”，不合本句要求。答案：B10(xx安徽質(zhì)檢)Finding information in todays world is easy. The _ is how you can tell if the information you get is useful or not.Aknowledge BabilityCpetition Dchallenge解析：句意：當(dāng)今世界找信息很容易，但困難的事是你如何辨別你所獲得的信息是否有用。A：知識(shí)；B：能力；C：競(jìng)賽。challenge：a new or difficult task挑戰(zhàn)，艱巨任務(wù)。又如：She likes her job to be a challenge.她喜歡艱巨的工作。答案：D11(xx陜西二模)In his absence, I would like to thank all concerned on my brothers _.Abehalf BpartCbusiness Dinterest解析：句意：我弟弟沒在場(chǎng)，我想代表他向所有相關(guān)的人員表示感謝。on sb.s behalf等于on behalf of sb.，為固定短語，意為“代表某人”。又如：On behalf of my colleagues and myself I thank you.我代表我的同事以及我自己向你表示謝意。for sb.s part就某人而言；on business因公；in sb.s interest為了某人的利益；但沒有on sb.s part, on sb.s business, on sb.s interest結(jié)構(gòu)。答案：A12(xx福建質(zhì)檢)What does PM2.5 mean?Its a professional _ indicating the condition of air pollution.Aterm BitemCnumber Dmark解析：句意：PM2.5是什么意思？它是一個(gè)表示空氣污染狀況的專業(yè)術(shù)語。A：術(shù)語；B：項(xiàng)目；C：數(shù)字；D：記號(hào)。答案：A13(xx東北一模)The police managed to gain _ through an upstairs window.Aapproach BwayCaccess Dpassage解析：句意：警方設(shè)法通過樓上的一扇窗戶進(jìn)入。approach, way, passage都有“道路，通道”的意思，且都為可數(shù)名詞。access為不可數(shù)名詞，意為“通道，入徑”。設(shè)空處前沒有冠詞，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有access為不可數(shù)名詞，故答案為C項(xiàng)。答案：C14(xx江蘇二模)Whenever you want a good meal, e to my restaurant and eat for free.Believe me, that is an _ I will not refuse.Aapproach BofferCidea Dinstruction解析：句意：無論你什么時(shí)候想吃頓美餐，你就來我的飯店免費(fèi)用餐。放心吧。那種提議我是不會(huì)拒絕的。A：接近，方法，途徑；C：想法，念頭，主意；D：指導(dǎo)，說明。offer主動(dòng)提議，建議。答案：B15(xx天津聯(lián)考)If you want to study the nature of the universe, first of all, you must be clear about its _.Atraditions BconsequencesCsigns Dorigins解析：句意：如果你想研究宇宙的本質(zhì)，首先你必須弄清它的起源。A：傳統(tǒng)；B：結(jié)果；C：跡象；D：起源。答案：D1It was reported that _ silent movie “The Artist” became the biggest winner at _ 84th Academy Award.Athe; the Ba; /C/; the Dthe; /解析：考查冠詞。第一空特指藝術(shù)家這部無聲電影，應(yīng)用the；第二空后面是序數(shù)詞，也應(yīng)用定冠詞the。故選A。答案：A2Basketball star Jeremy Lin is _ good example to kids, who shows them how to make _ success in the world.Athe; the Ba; the C/; a Da; /解析：考查冠詞。第一空填不定冠詞a，表示泛指；success為不可數(shù)名詞，第二空不填冠詞。故選D。答案：D3According to the contract, if we cant meet the deadline we shall pay _ fine of 10,000 dollars as _ punishment.Aa; a Bthe; a Cthe; the D/; /解析：考查冠詞。fine作“罰款”講時(shí)為可數(shù)名詞，a fine of.“多少金額的罰款”；as a punishment“作為一種懲罰”。故選A。答案：A4It is such _ honour to take part in _ celebration, so how could I make any mistakes?Aan；/ Bthe; the Can; the D/; the解析：考查冠詞。語意：參加這個(gè)慶祝活動(dòng)是多大的榮幸，我怎么能出任何差錯(cuò)呢？it is an honour to do sth.中honour的意思是“榮幸，光榮”，為可數(shù)名詞，故用不定冠詞；根據(jù)語意可知，此處celebration為特指，故選C項(xiàng)。答案：C5The boy didnt e to _ life and the method to start his breathing ended up as _ failure.A/; the Bthe; /Ca; a D/; a解析：考查冠詞的用法。語意：男孩沒能蘇醒過來，讓他恢復(fù)呼吸的方法以失敗告終。e to life“開始動(dòng)起來”，life前不用冠詞；failure在這里是抽象名詞具體化，表示“失敗的人或事”，前面應(yīng)用不定冠詞。答案：D6On _ Monday morning in July, Mr. Anderson happened to find his missing father among the people at _ church. Aa; the Bthe; /Ca; / D/; a解析：考查冠詞的用法。在七月的一個(gè)星期一早上，安德森先生碰巧在做禮拜的人中發(fā)現(xiàn)了他失蹤的父親。Monday前一般不用冠詞，但表示“某個(gè)星期一”時(shí)用不定冠詞；at church在教堂做禮拜。答案：C7Londons taxis are regarded as _ best in the world, and New Yorks yellow taxis came _ second, according to an annual taxi poll. Athe; the Bthe; a C/; the Dthe; /解析：考查冠詞。第一空，形容詞最高級(jí)前要使用定冠詞；第二空，序數(shù)詞second充當(dāng)副詞使用，前面不加冠詞，e second“第二名”，也可看成固定用法。答案：D8With _ successful launching of Tiangong1, Chinas space dream has taken _ step closer to reality. Athe; a B/; a Ca; the Dthe; /解析：考查冠詞。第一空特指“天宮一號(hào)”的成功發(fā)射，故用定冠詞the；第二空則表示“朝邁進(jìn)一步”，表示泛指，故用不定冠詞。答案：A9_ accident in China last week killed 21 preschoolers and two adults, increasing _ urgency to draft new safety guidelines for school buses. AThe; a BAn; the CThe; an DAn; /解析：考查冠詞。第一空表示泛指上周中國(guó)發(fā)生的“一個(gè)事故”或特指上周中國(guó)發(fā)生的“那場(chǎng)事故”都可以，故第一空an或the都可以。第二空表示特指為校車起草新的安全指導(dǎo)方案的“迫切(情況)”。綜合四個(gè)選項(xiàng)，故選B。答案：B10To learn this course, students should have _ good mand of Chinese and English, as well as _ good knowledge of law.A/; the Ba; /Ca; a Dthe; the解析：考查冠詞。語意：學(xué)習(xí)該課程，學(xué)生不僅應(yīng)熟練掌握中英文，還應(yīng)熟悉法律知識(shí)。不可數(shù)的抽象名詞前用不定冠詞，表示某種具體的情況或概念。答案：C11The State Oceanic Administration has asked ConocoPhillips China to make a thorough investigation of the _ of oil spills to prevent similar cases.Areason BaimCcause Dpurpose解析：句意：國(guó)家海洋局已經(jīng)要求康菲石油中國(guó)有限公司對(duì)石油泄漏的原因做一個(gè)徹底的調(diào)查，以防止類似事件再發(fā)生。本題考查名詞詞義辨析。reason意為“原因，理由”，常與介詞for搭配；aim目的；cause原因，起因；purpose目的。根據(jù)題意正確答案為C項(xiàng)。答案：C12I cant say which type of tea tastes better. Its just a(n) _ of personal preference.Aaffair BproblemCvariety Dmatter解析：句意：我不能說哪種類型的茶口味更好。這只是個(gè)人口味的問題。Its just a matter of.這只是的問題。如：Dealing with these problems is all a matter of experience.處理這些問題全憑經(jīng)驗(yàn)。答案：D13Sometimes its a bit challenging to reach a _ between parents expectations and their kids desires.Amitment BprehensionCcooperation Dpromise解析：句意：有時(shí)在家長(zhǎng)的期望和孩子的愿望之間達(dá)成妥協(xié)有點(diǎn)困難。A：承諾；B：理解(力)；C：合作；D：妥協(xié)，折中。答案：D14He is a brilliant young footballer whose talent took him from _ to riches.Arags BfarmersCbags Dbeggars解析：句意：他是優(yōu)秀的青年足球運(yùn)動(dòng)員，他的才能使他由窮變富。from rags to riches為固定詞組，意為“從赤貧到巨富”，符合句意。答案：A15The pianist missed a _ when playing the piano on the stage in the Grand Theater last night.Aline BchanceCstep Dbeat解析：句意：昨晚這位鋼琴家在大劇院的舞臺(tái)上演奏鋼琴時(shí)漏了一個(gè)節(jié)拍。beat在此處意為“節(jié)拍”。line線，臺(tái)詞；chance機(jī)會(huì)；step步驟。A、B、C三項(xiàng)均不符合句意。答案：D