2019-2020年高三英語專題復習 在句子中起名詞作用的句子叫名詞從句內(nèi)容： 名詞性從句重難點突破：在句子中起名詞作用的句子叫名詞從句 (Noun Clauses）。 名詞從句的功能相當于名詞詞組, 它在復合句中能擔任主語、賓語、表語、同位語、介詞賓語等，因此根據(jù)它在句中不同的語法功能，名詞從句又可分別稱為主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句。一、引導名詞性從句的連接詞引導名詞性從句的連接詞可分為三類：A: that（無任何詞意）在從句中均不充當任何成分B: whether, if（均表示“是否”表明從句內(nèi)容的不確定性）as if ,as though（均表示“好像”，“似乎”）在從句中均不充當任何成分C:連接代詞有意義，且在從句中作相應的成分。 成分人/物主語賓語表語定語人who/whoeverwhom/whomeverwhowhose物what/whateverwhatwhatwhich/whichever連接副詞有意義，且在從句中作相應的成分地點狀語時間狀語原因狀語方式狀語wherewhenwhyhow例如：What makes this shop different is that it offers more personal services.See the flags on top of the building? That was what we did this morning.Whoever wants to stay in a hotel has to pay their own way.He asked me which tie I wanted to buyOur success depends upon how well we can cooperate with one anotherWhere he worked is not far from hereWhen he came is not known to us all.I didnt know why he didnt e二. 主語從句作句子主語的從句叫主語從句。主語從句后的謂語動詞一般用單數(shù)形式。一般常用，用it作形式主語從句作真正主語三、賓語從句名詞句用作賓語的從句叫賓語從句。在句中可以作謂語動詞或介詞及非謂語動詞的賓語。1. 由連接詞that引導的賓語從句由連接詞that引導賓語從句時，that在句中不擔任任何成分，在口語或非正式的文體中常被省去，但如從句是并列句時,第二個分句前的that不可省。注意：在demand、order、suggest、decide、insist, desire, request, mand等表示要求、命令、建議、決定等意義的動詞后，賓語從句常用“（should）+ 動詞原形”。例如：I insist that she (should) do her work alone. 我堅持要她自己工作。2. 用who，whom, which, whose, what, when, where, why, how, whoever, whatever, whichever等關聯(lián)詞引導的賓語從句相當于特殊疑問句，應注意句子語序要用陳述語序。I want to know what he has told you. 我想知道他告訴了你什么。She always thinks of how she can work well. 她總是在想怎樣能把工作做好。3. 注意賓語從句中的時態(tài)呼應，當主句動詞是現(xiàn)在時，從句根據(jù)自身的句子情況而使用不同時態(tài)。當主句動詞是過去時態(tài)（could, would除外），從句則要用相應的過去時態(tài)，如一般過去時，過去進行時，過去將來時等；當從句表示的是客觀真理，科學原理，自然現(xiàn)象，則從句仍用現(xiàn)在時態(tài)。The teacher told us that Tom had left us for America4. think, believe, imagine, suppose等等動詞引起的否定性賓語從句中，要把上述主句中的動詞變?yōu)榉穸ㄊ?。即將從句中的否定形式移到主句? 而從句的謂語動詞用肯定式I dont believe he will do so. 我相信他不會這樣做。5. 動詞（表示好惡的動詞）+ it +從句 （ it沒有任何意義 ）I heard it that he had gone abroad.I hate it when people speak with their mouth full.6. 主語 + 謂語 + 形式賓語it + 賓補 +賓語從句I feel it a terrible thing that I have to get up so early.I took it for granted that you would stay with us.四、表語從句在句中作表語的從句叫表語從句。表語從句位于連系動詞后，有時用as if引導。其基本結構為：主語 + 系動詞 + that從句。That is why he didnt e to the meeting. 那就是他為什么不到會的原因。It looks as if it is going to rain. 看上去天要下雨了。溫馨提示：1. 當主語是reason時，表語從句要用that引導而不是because。：The reason why he was late was that he missed the train by one minute this morning .2. thats why.與thats because的區(qū)別He was ill. Thats why he was absent from school.He was absent from school . Thats because he was ill.四. 同位語從句同位語從句說明其前面的名詞的具體內(nèi)容。同位語從句通常由that引導，可用于同位語從句的名詞有advice、demand、doubt、fact、hope、idea、information、message、news、order、problem、promise、question、request、suggestion、truth、wish、word等。例如：The news that we won the game is exciting.我們贏得這場比賽的消息令人激動。針對性練習：1. _ Barbara Jones offers to her fans is honesty and happiness.A. WhichB. WhatC. ThatD. Whom2. I am afraid hes more of a talker than a doer, which is _ he never finishes anything.A. that B. when C. where D. why3 . Weve offered her the job, but I dont know_ shell accept it.A. where B. what C. whether D. which4. The villagers have already known _ well do is to rebuild the bridge.A. thisB. thatC. whatD. which5. It was never clear _ the man hadnt reported the accident sooner.A. that B. how C. when D. why6 .Our teachers always tell us to believe in _ we do and who we are if we want to succeed. A. why B. how C. what D. which7. Id like to start my own businessthats _ Id do if I had the money. A. why B. when C. which D. what8 . It is still under discussion _the old bus station should be replaced with a modern hotel or not. A. whether B. when C. which D. where9 Before a problem can be solved, it must be obvious _the problem itself is. A. what B. that C. which D. why 10_ one of you breaks the window will have to pay for it.A. Whoever B. Whatever C. Whichever D. Wherever11. Its good to know _ the dogs will be well cared for while were away.A. what B. whose C. which D. that12 _ you said at the meeting describes a bright future for the pany.A. When B. How C. What D. That13 _ I want to tell you is the deep love and respect I have for my parents.A. That B. Which CWhether DWhat名詞性從句（二）教學重難點：名詞性從句的重難點 溫馨提示： A: whether與if 均為"是否"的意思。 但在下列情況下，whether 不能被if 取代：1. whether引導主語從句并在句首 2. 引導表語從句3. whether從句作介詞賓語4. 從句后有"or not" 5 后接動詞不定式時Whether he will e is not clear.B: 大部分連接詞引導的主語從句都可以置于句末，用 it充當形式主語。It is not important who will go.用whether/if 填空_he will e or not is not yet known. The question is _ it is worth doingIt depends on_ the manager will agree to the plan or not.I wonder _you can do me a favour.The problem _it is right or wrong has not yet been discussed.B what與that的區(qū)別1）在名詞性從句中what可以作主語、賓語或表語，這時what具有兩個含義：a保留疑問，即“什么”的意義；b相當于alleverything，常譯成“的（東西事）”。如：Can you tell me what your name is？你能告訴我你叫什么名字嗎？What she wants to know is which dress she should buy她想知道的是她應買哪件衣服。2）在名詞性從句中that只起連接作用，它在從句中不作任何句子成分，也無任何意義。如：That the earth turns around the sun is known to allThe trouble is that he has never done the work before3）在名詞性從句的引導詞中只有 that，而且是只有在引導賓語從句時才可以省略。如：練習1.What did your parents think about your decision?They always let me do I think I should.A. when B. that C. how D. what 2Engines are to machines hearts are to animals.A. as B. that C. what D. which 3. With his work pleted, the businessman stepped back to his seat, feeling pleased he was a man of action. A. which B. that C. what D. whether 4 Its thirty years since we last met.But I still remember the story, believe it or not, we got lost on a rainy night.A. which B. that C. what D. when C: wh-疑問詞與“疑問詞ever”的區(qū)別what等連接代詞或副詞常只保留本身疑問的含義；而whatever等連接代詞或副詞則主要用以加強語氣。如：Who can work out this problem is not known誰能解出這道題，目前還不清楚。Whoever can work out this problem will be praised任何一個能解出這道題的人都會受到表揚。專項考點練習1. _ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.A. There B. This C. That D. It2A puter can only do _ you have instructed it to doAhow Bafter Cwhat Dwhen3. He asked _ for a violinA. did I pay how much B. I paid how muchC. how much did I pay D. how much I paid4. What the doctors really doubt is _ my mother will recover from the serious disease soon A. when B. how C. whether D. why5It is generally considered unwise to give a child _he or she wants.A. however B. whatever C. whichever D. whenever6. _leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.A. Anyone B. The person C. Whoever D. Who7. Sarah hopes to bee a friend of _shares her interests.A. anyone B. whomeverC. whoever D. no matter who8.I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.Is that _ you had a few days off ? A. why B. what C. when D. where9. I still remember _ this used to be a quiet village.A. when B. how C. where D. what10I read about it in some book or other，does it matter _ it was？Awhere Bwhat Chow Dwhich11 I think it is going to be a big problem.Yes, it could be.I wonder _ we can do about it. A、if B、how C、what D、that11. _that they found an unusual plant in the forest.A. It is said B. They are said C. It said D. It says12. _ caused the accident is still a plete mystery.A. What B. That C. How D. Where13. It worried Mary a lot _ she would pass the college entrance examination.A. whether B. if C. that D. how14. Shanghai has taken on a new look. It isnt like _ it used to be .A .what B. how C. that D. which15. Have you seen Mary lately? My boss wants to know _.A. how she is getting along B. how is she getting alongC. what she is getting along D. what is she getting along名詞性從句（三）內(nèi)容： 綜合性練習重難點突破：1 _struck me most in the movie was the fathers deep love for his son.AThat BIt CWhat DWhich2 From space, the earth looks blue. This is _ about seventyone percent of its surface is covered by water. Awhy Bhow Cbecause Dwhether3_ makes the book so extraordinary is the creative imagination of the writer. A. That B. What C. Who D. Which4 Do not let any failures discourage you, for you can never tell _ close you may be to victory. A. how B. thatC. which D. where5 Every time you eat a sweet, drink green tea.” This is _ my mother used to tell me.A. what B. how C. that D. whether6 I think _ impresses me about his painting is the colours he uses.A. what B. that C. which D. who7 Grandma pointed to the hospital and said, “Thats _ I was born.”A. when B. how C. why D. where8 _ the delayed flight will take off depends much on the weather.A. Why B. When C. That D. What 9 It is difficult for us to imagine_ life was like for slaves in the ancient world. A. where B. what C. which D. why 10 Exactly _ the potato was introduced into Europe is uncertain, but it was probably around 1565. A. whether B. why C. when D. how11 What a mess! You are always so lazy!Im not to blame, mum. I am _ you have made me.A. how B. what C. that D. who12 、As John Lennon once said，life is_ happens to you while you are busy making other plans. A. whichB. that C. whatD. where13 Pick yourself up. Courage is doing youre afraid to do.A. that B. what C. how D. whether14 The best moment for the football star was _ he scored the winning goal.A. whereB. when C. howD. why15 “Every time you eat a sweet, drink green tea.” This is _ my mother used to tell me.A. what B. howC. that D. whether16 I think _ impresses me about his painting is the colours he uses.A. what B. that C. which D. who17 Grandma pointed to the hospital and said, “Thats _ I was born.”A. when B. how C. why D. where18 _ the delayed flight will take off depends much on the weather.A. Why B. When C. That D. What 19 It is difficult for us to imagine_ life was like for slaves in the ancient world. A. where B. what C. which D. why 20 Exactly _ the potato was introduced into Europe is uncertain, but it was probably around 1565. A. whether B. why C. when D. how21 What a mess! You are always so lazy!Im not to blame, mum. I am _ you have made me.A. how B. what C. that D. who22 As John Lennon once said，life is_ happens to you while you are busy making other plans.A. whichB. that C. whatD. where23 Pick yourself up. Courage is doing youre afraid to do.A. that B. what C. how D. whether24 The best moment for the football star was _ he scored the winning goal.A. whereB. whenC. howD. why狀語從句1. In the global economy, a new drug for cancer, _ it is discovered, will create many economic possibilities around the world.Awhatever Bwhoever Cwherever Dwhichever2. She says that shell have to close the shop _ business improves.A. if B. unless C. after D. when3. One can always manage to do more things，no matter _ full ones schedule is in life.Ahow Bwhat Cwhen Dwhere4. Mark needs to learn Chinese _his pany is opening a branch in Beijing.A. unless B. until Calthough D. since5 _ I have to give a speech, I get extremely nervous before I start.A. Whatever B. Whenever C. Whoever D. However6. I have heard a lot of good things about you _ I came back from abroad.Asince Buntil Cbefore Dwhen7_ small, the pany has about 1，000 buyers in over 30 countries.A. As B. If CAlthough DOnce8. “You cant judge a book by its cover，” _A. as the saying goes oldB. goes as the old sayingC. as the old saying goes D. goes as old the saying9. Its much easier to make friends _ you have similar interests.Aunless Bwhen Ceven though Dso that10. I took my driving license with me on holiday, _ I wanted to hire a car.A. in case B. even if C. ever since D. if only11. You must learn to consult your feelings and your reason _ you reach any decision. A. although B. beforeC. because D. unless12. I had hardly got to the office _ my wife phone me to go back home at once.A. whenB. thanC. untilD. after13. When for his views about his teaching job, Philip said he found it very interesting and rewarding. A. asking B. asked C. having asked D. to be asked14. Coach, can I continue with the training?Sorry, you cant _you havent recovered from the knee injury.A. until B. before C. as D. unless15. I dont believe weve met before, I must say you do look familiar.A. therefore B. although C. since D. unless16.Look at those clouds!Dont worry. _ it rains, well still have a great time.A. Even if B. As though C. In case D. If only17 . Dont handle the vase as if it _ made of steel.A. is B. were C. has been D. had been18. It is hard for Greek government to get over the present difficulties _ it gets more financial support from the European Union.A. if B. unless C. because D. since 19. Hot _ the night air was, we slept deeply because we were so tired after the long journey.A. although B. as C. while D. however 20. All the photographs in this book, _ stated otherwise, date from the 1950s.A. unless B. until C. once D. if 21. He smiled politely _ Mary apologized for her drunken friends.A. as B. if C. unless D. though22. A number of high buildings have arisen _ there was nothing a year ago but ruins.A. when B. where C. before D. until 23 _ I always felt I would pass the exam, I never thought I would get an A.A. While B. Once C. If D. Until24 . _ hard you try, it is difficult to lose weight without cutting down the amount you eat.A. However B. Whatever C. Whichever D. Whenever25. Everything was placed exactly _ he wanted it for the graduation ceremony.A. while B. when C. where D. though26. You can borrow my car _ you promise not to drive too fast.A. unless B. if C. in case D. as long as 27 Leave your key with your neighbor _ you lock yourself out one day.A. as long as B. even though C. in case D. as if 28 . If you happen to get lost in the wild, youd better stay _ you are and wait for help.A. why B. where C. who D. what29 Ones life has value _ one brings value to the life of others.A. so that B. no matter how C. as long as D. except that