CommodityPacking categoriesPacking containersPacking in the sales of goods TBT & packingmarksUnit six packing bulk commoditiesCommodities nude packed commodities packed commodities shipping /outer packing packing sales /inner/small packing nBag nSacknCartonnCasenBoxnCratenDrumnBalenCan/tinnCarboynBundlenContainernpalletnThe seller should deliver the goods which are packaged in the manner required by the contract;nExcept where the parties have agreed otherwise, the goods should be packaged in the manner usual for such goods;or where there is no such manner, in a manner adequate to preserve and protect the goods.nthe exporter has to give careful consideration to the packing of the goods to be shipped abroad.unless otherwise agreed in the contract of sales, it is his duty to pack the goods in a manner which assures their safe arrival and facilitates their handling in transit and at the place of destination. Neglect in this respect will invariably result in delay in the delivery of the goods and might entitle the overseas customer to reject the goods or to claim damages.TBT (Technical Barriers to Trade)nTechnical regulationnStandardnConformity assessment proceduresTechnical regulationnDocuments which lays down product characteristics or their related processes and production methods, including the applicable administrative provisions, with which compliance is mandatory. It may also include or deal exclusively with terminology , symbols, packaging, marking or labelling requirements as they apply to a product, process or production method.”n規(guī)定強制執(zhí)行的產(chǎn)品特性或其相關(guān)工藝和生產(chǎn)方法，包括適用的規(guī)定強制執(zhí)行的產(chǎn)品特性或其相關(guān)工藝和生產(chǎn)方法，包括適用的管理規(guī)定在內(nèi)的文件。該文件還可包括或?qū)ｉT關(guān)于適用于產(chǎn)品工管理規(guī)定在內(nèi)的文件。該文件還可包括或?qū)ｉT關(guān)于適用于產(chǎn)品工藝或生產(chǎn)方法的專門術(shù)語、符號、包裝、標(biāo)志或標(biāo)簽要求。藝或生產(chǎn)方法的專門術(shù)語、符號、包裝、標(biāo)志或標(biāo)簽要求。Standardndocuments approved by a recognized body, that provides, for common and repeated use, rules, guidelines or characteristics for products or related processes and production methods, with which compliance is not mandatory.”n經(jīng)公認機構(gòu)批準(zhǔn)的、規(guī)定非強制執(zhí)行的、供通用或重復(fù)使用的產(chǎn)經(jīng)公認機構(gòu)批準(zhǔn)的、規(guī)定非強制執(zhí)行的、供通用或重復(fù)使用的產(chǎn)品或相關(guān)工藝和生產(chǎn)方法的規(guī)則、指南或特性的文件。品或相關(guān)工藝和生產(chǎn)方法的規(guī)則、指南或特性的文件。Conformity assessment proceduresnconformity assessment procedures include, procedures for sampling, testing and inspection; evaluation, verification and assurance of conformity; registration, accreditation and approval as well as their combinationsn合格評定程序特別包括：抽樣、檢驗和檢查；評估、驗合格評定程序特別包括：抽樣、檢驗和檢查；評估、驗證和合格保證；注冊、認可和批準(zhǔn)以及各項的組合。證和合格保證；注冊、認可和批準(zhǔn)以及各項的組合。TBT casesn美國和新西蘭禁止利用稻草，谷糠，干草等作為包裝材料；（或在提美國和新西蘭禁止利用稻草，谷糠，干草等作為包裝材料；（或在提供消毒證明的條件下，才可使用）供消毒證明的條件下，才可使用）n19981998年年9 9月美國農(nóng)業(yè)部提出，中國出口商品的包裝使用未經(jīng)處理的木料，月美國農(nóng)業(yè)部提出，中國出口商品的包裝使用未經(jīng)處理的木料，將亞洲長刺蜂帶進美國，就此制定了新的檢驗標(biāo)準(zhǔn)；將亞洲長刺蜂帶進美國，就此制定了新的檢驗標(biāo)準(zhǔn)；n19991999年年1 1月，加拿大對中國的木質(zhì)包裝也提出了檢疫要求；月，加拿大對中國的木質(zhì)包裝也提出了檢疫要求；n19991999年年6 6月，歐盟對來自中國的貨物木質(zhì)包裝實施新的檢疫標(biāo)準(zhǔn)（不帶月，歐盟對來自中國的貨物木質(zhì)包裝實施新的檢疫標(biāo)準(zhǔn)（不帶樹皮，不能有直徑大于樹皮，不能有直徑大于3mm3mm的蟲蛀洞，烘干）的蟲蛀洞，烘干）n英聯(lián)邦國家：要求提供包裝材料的產(chǎn)地證明；英聯(lián)邦國家：要求提供包裝材料的產(chǎn)地證明；n德國，法國：禁止進口外形尺寸與本國不同的食品罐頭。德國，法國：禁止進口外形尺寸與本國不同的食品罐頭。marks Shipping markMarks Indicative mark Warning markTHIS SIDE UP DO NOT DROPLIFT HERE OPEN THIS ENDKEEP DRY GLASS WITH CAREHANDLE WITH CARE KEEP COOLFRAGILE PERISHABLEINFLAMMABLE ACID- WITH CAREPacking decision1.Packing should be appropriate for the commodity2. Packing should meet the requirements of different means of transportation3. Laws& regulations of the related countries and requirements of the customers should be considered for the packingPacking decision4.Its better not to use” seaworthy packing”or “ customary packing” in the contract.5.the first step in selecting a package for a market is to determine national preferences.Specimen letter(1) Dear Sirs,Packing for ready-made garments A shipment of ready-made garments arrived on May 10. Having examined the goods thoroughly, we venture to say that the packing needs improvement. For instance, the cartons used are not strong enough to protect the contents from getting damaged during transit. We have enquired of some of our clients about the packing in question. They say:1.Such cartons are easy to cut open because the cardboard of which the cartons are made is rather thin, thus making pilferage become possible.2.If and when the goods are to be transshipped at a certain port, the cartons will stand in the open on the wharf and , in heavy rains, be subjected to damage as the cartons will surely be soaked.3.During loading and unloading, the cartons are to be piled up; hence breakage is unavoidable because the cartons are too thin to stand heavy pressure.4. The insurance companies, on knowing this, will shift their responsibility to the goods being packed in cartons not fit for ocean transportation and refuse compensation for losses. From the above comments, you can readily see that our clients are justified in their anxieties over your packing. As far as packing is concerned, they prefer wooden cases to cartons for future shipments. We sincerely hope that you will take this matter into consideration and make necessary improvement so as to avoid unforeseen troubles arising from faulty packing. Your early response will be much appropriated.Specimen letter(2) Dear Sirs, Packing for ready-made garments We thank you for your letter of May 16, informing us of your clients comments on our packing. We have discussed the matter with the competent department here and wish to explain as follows:1. The cartons we use are up to standard and fit for ocean transportation. For years we have used these cartons in our shipments to many continental ports to the entire satisfaction of our clients. Moreover, the insurance companies have accepted such packing for WPA and TPND.2. These cartons are well protected against moisture by plastic lining. Thus garments packed in them are not so susceptible to damage by moisture as those packed in wooden cases.3. The cardboard used for making cartons is light but compact. It keeps down packaging costs and helps customers save on freight.4. Your clients anxieties over packing are presumed.we are confident that the insurance company can be made to pay the necessary compensation for any loss or losses from pilferage and breakage caused by using such cartons.Please tell your clients that their fears are unwarranted. Nowadays ,except for bulk cargo,nude cargo and huge machinery, most commodities are packed in cartons. To pack garments in wooden cases is obsolete. For future shipments,we are experimenting with special cartons, in which garments are hung on dresshangers. These cartons can be containerized ,so that the garments will not twist.We highly value your comments , which will help improve our work. If you find any defect on our last shipment, please do not hesitate to let us know. We assure you of our cooperation and await your future orders.Reply to the above Dear Sirs, Packing for ready-made garments Your letter of May 25 has been carefully noted. We have approached our clients about the packing,and after our repeated explanations, they say they will have no objection to your packing the garments in cartons if you guarantee that you will pay compensation in all cases wherein they cannot get indemnification from the insurance company for the reason that the cartons used are not seaworthy.We deem it our duty to inform you of this and consider it a tacit understanding that should the insurance company refuse compensation, you would hold yourselves responsible for the losses our clients might sustain on account of your using such cartons.We think you will understand that our candid statement is made for our mutual benefit as packing is a sensitive subject, which often leads to trade disputes.We appreciate your cooperation.Exercises Dear Sirs, We thank you_ your letter _ 20 May,2001 and can confirm that we are still offering our range_ luxury foods_ the prices quoted_ our initial offer_ you. We understand your concern_ packing, and can assure you that we take every possible precaution to ensure that our products reach our customers all over the world_ prime condition. _ your information,”Ariel” caviar is packed as follows: Each jar is wrapped _ tissue paper_ being placed in its individual decorative cardboard box. The boxes are then packed _ strong cardboard cartons, twelve _ a carton,separated_ each other_ corrugated paper dividers. The cartons are then packed_ strong wooden crates. Since the crates are specially made to hold twenty-four cartons, there is no danger_ movement _ them. In addition, the crates are lined_ waterproof , airtight material. The lids are secured _ nailing, and the crates are strapped_ metal bands.In the case _ consignements being sent to you,transshipment at buenos Aires will be necessary,so each case will be marked_ details required_ the Argentinian authorities,as well as_ your own mark, details _ weight,etc., and symbols representing the following warnings and directions:USE NO HOOKS! STOW AWAY FROM HEAT! THIS SIDE UP, and DOT NOT DROP.We hope this has answered your questions, and look forward to receiving orders_ you.紙板箱作為一種包裝容器已在國際貿(mào)易中廣泛使用，紙板箱作為一種包裝容器已在國際貿(mào)易中廣泛使用，因此，對它們的適航性，你們不必擔(dān)心。因此，對它們的適航性，你們不必擔(dān)心。據(jù)我們所知，保險公司接受投保紙板箱裝的貨物的據(jù)我們所知，保險公司接受投保紙板箱裝的貨物的偷竊、提貨不著險偷竊、提貨不著險(Theft, Pilferage &Non-delivery)。萬一發(fā)生偷竊，你們可以放心，保險公。萬一發(fā)生偷竊，你們可以放心，保險公司將給予賠償。司將給予賠償。我們男襯衫的包裝為每件套一塑料袋，我們男襯衫的包裝為每件套一塑料袋，5打裝一紙箱。打裝一紙箱。內(nèi)襯防潮紙，外打鐵箍兩道。內(nèi)襯防潮紙，外打鐵箍兩道。你們的人參酒你們的人參酒(Ginseng Wine)質(zhì)量好，但包裝較差，瓶子質(zhì)量好，但包裝較差，瓶子易碎，紙盒太薄，對我們今后的訂貨，沒瓶套一只泡沫塑料易碎，紙盒太薄，對我們今后的訂貨，沒瓶套一只泡沫塑料套套(foam plastic casing)，并裝在較厚的紙盒內(nèi)，否則我們，并裝在較厚的紙盒內(nèi)，否則我們只能放棄這項業(yè)務(wù)。只能放棄這項業(yè)務(wù)。貨價通常包括包裝費在內(nèi)，貨價通常包括包裝費在內(nèi)，“包括出口包裝包括出口包裝”這一用語，意這一用語，意即所報價格包括適合出口的包裝費用。如所報價格不包括包即所報價格包括適合出口的包裝費用。如所報價格不包括包裝費用，那么裝費用，那么“出口包裝費用由買方負擔(dān)出口包裝費用由買方負擔(dān)”一語應(yīng)予列入合一語應(yīng)予列入合同。同。我們的印花棉布系用木箱包裝，內(nèi)襯牛皮紙我們的印花棉布系用木箱包裝，內(nèi)襯牛皮紙(kraft paper)和防潮紙。每箱和防潮紙。每箱30匹，一花五色，平均搭配。匹，一花五色，平均搭配。 你方你方8 8月月3030日來函詢問我方旅行剪刀的包裝一事，今告知如下：日來函詢問我方旅行剪刀的包裝一事，今告知如下：我們出口的旅行剪刀每盒裝一打，每一紙板箱裝我們出口的旅行剪刀每盒裝一打，每一紙板箱裝100100盒。尺嗎盒。尺嗎是是1717公分高，公分高，3030公分寬，公分寬，5050公分長，體積約公分長，體積約0 0。026026立方米，立方米，凈重凈重2222。5 5公斤，毛重公斤，毛重2323。5 5公斤。紙板箱外的標(biāo)記，除印刷公斤。紙板箱外的標(biāo)記，除印刷有毛重，凈重外，還須印刷有有毛重，凈重外，還須印刷有“中華人民共和國制造中華人民共和國制造”字樣。字樣。如你對標(biāo)記有何特殊要求，請告知，我方當(dāng)盡力滿足。如你對標(biāo)記有何特殊要求，請告知，我方當(dāng)盡力滿足。順告我們的剪刀過去一向是用木箱包裝的，但經(jīng)過多次用紙順告我們的剪刀過去一向是用木箱包裝的，但經(jīng)過多次用紙板箱試裝后，發(fā)現(xiàn)紙板箱同樣適宜于海洋運輸，且紙板箱價板箱試裝后，發(fā)現(xiàn)紙板箱同樣適宜于海洋運輸，且紙板箱價格較低，搬運較為輕便，運費也較低廉，所以現(xiàn)在有更多的格較低，搬運較為輕便，運費也較低廉，所以現(xiàn)在有更多的客戶寧愿要紙箱包裝而不要木箱包裝。我們相信你方會同意客戶寧愿要紙箱包裝而不要木箱包裝。我們相信你方會同意我們的意見，接受紙箱包裝。我們的意見，接受紙箱包裝。如能早日答復(fù)，不勝感激。如能早日答復(fù)，不勝感激。Exercises1.we shall pack the goods in our usual packing if you have nothing particular in this regard.2. We can meet your special requirements for packing but the extra expenses should borne by you.3. As it will take us time to pack the goods according to your requirements , we are afraid that the shipment may not be effected at the contracted time.4. We do not object to packing in cartons,provided the flaps are glued down and the cartons secured by metal bands.5. Please use normal export containers unless you receive special instructions from our agents.6. The cartons are well protected against moisture by polythene sheet lining.7. Our improved packing will catch the eye of the buying public, which will help push the sales.8. Preference of people, their custom and tradition play a very important role in the packing of goods for consumption.Writing Write a letter for your firm to an English engineering firm, ordering a special machine. Give packing and marking instructions.