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2019-2020年高考英語大一輪復習 虛擬語氣 北師大版 　　　　　　 一、以if條件從句為虛擬語氣標志 時態(tài) 從句動詞形式 主句動詞形式 與現(xiàn)在事實相反 did would/could/should/might do 與將來事實相反 (1)did (2)were to do (3)should do would/could/should/might do 與過去事實相反 had done would/could/should/might have done 含蓄條件句 有時虛擬語氣并不總是用if引導的條件句來表示，而是通過一些詞或短語表示出來。這些詞或短語引出的條件與if引導的條件句意義相似，如but for，with，without，otherwise，or，but等。其中but for相當于if it were not for/if it had not been for，表示“要不是……”。 He wouldn’t have survived but for the neighbour’s timely help. 二、suggest等動詞及其相應的名詞后跟的從句中虛擬語氣的用法 1．賓語從句 suggest等表示建議、愿望、命令等的動詞后跟的賓語從句要使用虛擬語氣，從句謂語的結(jié)構(gòu)為“should＋動詞原形”，其中should可以省略。 The doctor suggested that he (should) take more rest. 2．主語從句 在“It is/was suggested＋that引導的主語從句”中，主語從句要用虛擬語氣， 即“should＋動詞原形”結(jié)構(gòu)，其中should可以省略。 另外，在“It is/was important(necessary，desirable，advisable等)＋that引導的主語從句”中，從句也常用虛擬語氣，謂語用“should＋動詞原形”結(jié)構(gòu)，其中should可以省略。 It is suggested that the building (should) be pulled down. It is necessary that a doctor (should) be sent for at once. 3．表語從句 當suggestion，order，proposal，demand等名詞作主語時，其后的表語從句中要用虛擬語氣“should＋動詞原形”結(jié)構(gòu)，其中should可以省略。 My advice is that you (should) give up smoking. 4．同位語從句 在suggestion，advice，order，proposal，demand等名詞后跟的同位語從句中要用虛擬語氣，謂語用“should＋動詞原形”結(jié)構(gòu)，其中should可以省略。 His suggestion that we (should) set off at 5∶00 a．m.is not good enough. 三、虛擬語氣的特殊句型 1．It is (high/about) time (that) sb.did sth. It is (high/about) time (that) sb.did sth. 2．would rather (that) sb.did sth. I’d rather you left tomorrow. 1．George is going to talk about the geography of his country，but I’d rather he________more on its culture.(xx江蘇，34) A．focus B．focused C．would focus D．had focused 2．—The weather has been very hot and dry. —Yes.If it had rained even a drop，things would be much better now！And my vegetables________.(xx北京，34) A．wouldn’t die B．didn’t die C．hadn’t died D．wouldn’t have died 一、用所給詞的適當形式填空 1．Had we been here a bit earlier，we ________________________(be) able to catch the last bus. 2．If you ________________(take) my advice，you ________________(cry) over your failure now. 3．—I have gone through a hard time in the last few years. —Really？I wish you ________________(tell) me about it earlier.After all，we are friends. 4．—Why didn’t you attend Linda’s wedding? —I wouldn’t like to.It is strange that she ________________________(marry) that goodfornothing guy. 5．My father insisted that every minute ____________________(make) full use of ____________(do) the work well. 二、單項填空 1．We would join them for dinner ________. A．should they ask B．shall they ask C．if they ask D．whether they ask 2．My suggestion is that you ________ much meat. A．wouldn’t take B．shall not take C．not have D．won’t have 3．—How I want to have studied harder when I was in school. —If you ________，you wouldn’t work late into night every day nowadays. A．did B．should C．had D．would 4.—________ he e and visit you as planned? —Of course.And I’d rather he ________ me what he saw with his own eyes in Greece. A．Will；will tell B．Shall；told C．Shall；will tell D．Will；told 5．________ he had not hurt his leg，John would have won the race. A．If B．Since C．Though D．When 6．________ it rain tomorrow，we would have to put off the visit to the Yangpu Bridge. A．Would B．Should C．Were D．Will 7．—Any information about your son? —No.If only I ________ those tough words to him. A．didn’t say B．hadn’t said C．shouldn’t have said D．couldn’t have said 8．They must have enjoyed themselves there，otherwise they ________ so long. A．can’t have stayed B．wouldn’t have stayed C．can’t stay D．wouldn’t stay 9．—I hope you’re enjoying your stay here. —If it ________ for the climate，I would like it here very much. A．isn’t B．hasn’t been C．weren’t D．hadn’t been 10．—Johnson，e and look at the sea！It is beautiful，isn’t it? —Absolutely！If only I ________here by the sea. A．lived B．live C．had lived D．will live 答案 感悟高考 1．B　[句意為：喬治打算談論他的國家的地理，但我寧愿他更多地把焦點集中在文化上。would rather后接從句時，從句中的謂語動詞要用虛擬語氣，若表示與將來和現(xiàn)在的事實相反的情況，則謂語動詞要用一般過去時，由上句中“is going to...”可知B項時態(tài)正確。] 2．D　[句意為：——天氣又熱又干燥?！堑?。要是稍微下點兒雨，現(xiàn)在的情況就會更好一些！那樣我的蔬菜就不會死掉了。由條件句中的had rained可以推出這是與過去事實相反的虛擬語氣，但是主句有時間狀語now，所以用了與現(xiàn)在事實相反的虛擬語氣would be；最后一句話也是與過去事實相反的虛擬語氣，故用wouldn’t have died。] 領悟語法 一、1.would have been　2.had taken；wouldn’t be crying　3.had told　4.(should) have married　5.(should) be made；to do 二、1.A　[由主句的結(jié)構(gòu)可知這是對將來情況的虛擬，此時從句的結(jié)構(gòu)是should do/were to do/did，如果從句省略if則構(gòu)成部分倒裝，故選A。] 2．C　[suggestion后應用“should＋動詞原形”的虛擬語氣結(jié)構(gòu)，should可以省略。] 3．C　[由“when I was in school”可知是與過去事實相反的虛擬語氣，從句省略了studied hard。] 4.B　[shall用于第一、三人稱，在問句中表示征求對方的意見或請求；would rather后的從句若表示將來的動作，謂語動詞用過去時。] 5．A　[本題為與過去事實相反的虛擬條件句。] 6．B　[由tomorrow可知，從句應該是對將來情況的假設，此時從句的結(jié)構(gòu)是should do/were to do/did，如果從句省略if則構(gòu)成部分倒裝，故選B。] 7．B　[由語境可知，if only后的句子與過去的事實相反，故謂語動詞用過去完成時。] 8．B　[由“must have enjoyed”可知otherwise后的情況是與過去的事實相反的，故謂語動詞應用would have done。] 9．C　[由“I hope you’re enjoying”可知假設的情況是與現(xiàn)在的事實相反，此時if從句的謂語動詞用did或were，故選C。] 10．A　[由語境可知，if only后的情形是與現(xiàn)在的事實相反，此時的謂語動詞用過去時。]