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2019-2020年高考英語(yǔ)大一輪復(fù)習(xí) 動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài) 北師大版 一、動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)的用法 1．一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) (1)由連詞if，unless，however等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間(條件、讓步)狀語(yǔ)從句，需用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來(lái)。 However much advice you give him，he will do exactly what he wants. (2)安排或計(jì)劃要做的動(dòng)作(有時(shí)間狀語(yǔ))限于begin，e，leave，go，arrive等一類(lèi)動(dòng)詞。 I arrive in Beijing at 3∶00 p．m.tomorrow. 2．一般過(guò)去時(shí) 過(guò)去一段時(shí)間內(nèi)經(jīng)?；蚍磸?fù)發(fā)生的行為，常與every day，often，sometimes等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。 I used to play football when I was young. 3．一般將來(lái)時(shí) (1)will＋do表示將來(lái)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，常與一些表示將來(lái)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用；或表示事物的固有屬性或必然趨勢(shì)。 Fish will die without water. (2)be going to＋do表示即將發(fā)生的或最近打算進(jìn)行的事。此外還表示根據(jù)現(xiàn)在的跡象，對(duì)未來(lái)進(jìn)行推測(cè)。 Look at the clouds.It is going to rain. (3)be about to＋do表示即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，意為“正要；很快，馬上”。后面一般不跟具體的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，但是可以由when連接一個(gè)并列句。 We are about to leave. (4)be to＋do表示事先商定、安排或準(zhǔn)備要做的事情；還表示可能性、必要、責(zé)任、義務(wù)、禁止等。 She is to get married next month. (5)用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來(lái)。表示位置轉(zhuǎn)移的動(dòng)詞(go，e，leave，start，arrive等)，可用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來(lái)。 Uncle Wang is ing. 4．現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) 表示說(shuō)話人對(duì)主語(yǔ)的行為表示贊嘆或厭惡等感情色彩，常與always，constantly，continually等副詞連用。 She is always asking the same question. 5．現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示從過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻開(kāi)始一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，或者還要延續(xù)下去，句中常有since，for，yet，already等表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)。 Great changes have taken place in China since 1980. 6．過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí) 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示在過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)刻正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或存在的過(guò)去某個(gè)階段正在做的事情。 He was reading an interesting book this time yesterday. 7．過(guò)去完成時(shí) (1)表示在過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)刻前已經(jīng)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，或者從過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)刻開(kāi)始一直延續(xù)到過(guò)去另一時(shí)刻的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。 My teacher had taught in that school for ten years before she came here. (2)表示希望或打算的動(dòng)詞(如hope，want，expect，think，suppose，plan，mean，intend等)的過(guò)去完成時(shí)，后接不定式to do時(shí)，表示未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望或打算，即“本來(lái)希望或打算做某事(但卻沒(méi)做)”。 I had planned to send him a Christmas card，but I forgot to do so. (3)用于下列特殊句型中： ①hardly/scarcely/barely had...done...when...；no sooner had...done...than...。從句中用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，表示“剛剛……就……”。 Hardly had I opened the door when he told me. ②It/That/This was the first/second...time＋that從句。that從句要用過(guò)去完成時(shí)態(tài)。 It was the second time he had been out with her. 8．過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí) 過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)表示從過(guò)去的觀點(diǎn)來(lái)預(yù)計(jì)以后要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，這種時(shí)態(tài)常用于賓語(yǔ)從句中，主句常是一般過(guò)去時(shí)。 He always said that he would study hard at that time. 二、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的用法 1．不知道動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者是誰(shuí)或難以說(shuō)明時(shí)常用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。 Street lights are often turned on at six in winter. 2．當(dāng)動(dòng)作的承受者比起動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者來(lái)說(shuō)更能引起人們的關(guān)注而需要加以強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)，要用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。 This kind of bicycle is not sold in our shop. 3．含有雙賓語(yǔ)的句子，主動(dòng)句中的間接賓語(yǔ)或者直接賓語(yǔ)都可變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中的主語(yǔ)，另一個(gè)保留不變。變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ)的若是主動(dòng)句中的直接賓語(yǔ)，間接賓語(yǔ)前則需加介詞to或for。 The pianist gave the pupils(間接賓語(yǔ)) some advice (直接賓語(yǔ))． →The pupils were given some advice by the pianist. →Some advice was given to the pupils by the pianist. 4．在主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)句中，動(dòng)詞make，have，let，see，watch，hear，feel等后接動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)，動(dòng)詞不定式不加to。但變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)后面的不定式都需加上to。 The boss made them work ten hours a day. →They were made to work ten hours a day by the boss. 1．Every few years，the coal workers ________ their lungs Xrayed to ensure their health.(xx上海，28) A．a(chǎn)re having B．have C．have had D．had had 2．Every year a flood of farmers arrive in Shenzhen for the moneymaking jobs they________before leaving their hometowns.(xx福建，28) A．promised B．were promised C．have promised D．have been promised 3．—Were you surprised by the ending of the film? —No.I________the book，so I already knew the story.(xx安徽，28) A．was reading B．had read C．a(chǎn)m reading D．have read 4．This coastal area________a national wildlife reserve last year.(xx湖南，24) A．was named B．named C．is named D．names 一、用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空 1．—Remember how we met for the first time，Dick? —Of course I do.You ________________(walk) to the teachers’ office hurriedly and ______________(not notice) me. 2．Today，tourists do not see any person in Pompeii，which，though，________(be) once a busy city of twentytwo thousand people. 3．—Can I have a talk with you at about 5 this afternoon，Mr.Smith? —All right.I ________________________(e) back to my office from a conference then.I will be waiting for you there. 4．—Have you known the result of the Chinese team at Singapore Open Badminton Tournament? —It ________(win) three titles，I remember clearly. 5．Be careful with such things.If you ________(not be)，you’ll drop them. 二、單項(xiàng)填空 1．By the time he gets home，his father ________ for Paris on business. A．has left B．will have left C．had left D．will leave 2．Mr.White works as a journalist at present，but he ________ in a high school for several years. A．has worked B．worked C．had worked D．has been working 3．The coffee is wonderful！It doesn’t taste like anything I ________ before. A．had ever had B．was having C．have D．have ever had 4．—What’s that noise？Is the water still running? —Oh，my god！I ________ to turn it off after I brushed my teeth. A．was forgetting B．forgot C．had forgotten D．a(chǎn)m forgetting 5．I was just going to cut my rose bushes but someone ________it.Was it you? A．has done B．had done C．would do D．will do 6．They became partners at work that day.Until then，they ________ to each other for nearly three years. A．didn’t speak B．hadn’t spoken C．haven’t spoken D．haven’t been speaking 7．The students ________ busily when Miss Brown went to get the book she ________ in the office. A．had written；left B．were writing；has left C．had written；had left D．were writing；had left 8．—How did you get on in your final exam? —I have no idea.The papers ________. A．a(chǎn)re being marked B．would be marked C．have been marked D．had been marked 9．Millions of pounds’ worth of damage ________ by a storm which swept across the north of England last night. A．has been caused B．had been caused C．will be caused D．will have been caused 10．The novels written by the author sell best，but five years ago no one could have imagined how great a role he ________ in the literary(文學(xué)的) world. A．was playing B．was to play C．had played D．played 答案 感悟高考 1．B　[根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)every few years，可判斷本句應(yīng)為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，故選B。] 2．D　[句意為：每年大量農(nóng)民工涌入深圳，去尋找他們離鄉(xiāng)前別人給他們?cè)S諾的掙錢(qián)的工作。此處農(nóng)民工是“被許諾工作”，需用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，故排除A和C兩項(xiàng)；B項(xiàng)僅表一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)；D項(xiàng)表示“已經(jīng)被許諾”，故選D。] 3．B　[句意為：——你對(duì)這部電影的結(jié)局驚訝嗎？——不，我已經(jīng)讀過(guò)這本書(shū)，早知道結(jié)局了。從上下文句意看，應(yīng)用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。] 4．A　[此處表示該地區(qū)是被命名，且時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)為last year，故A項(xiàng)正確。] 領(lǐng)悟語(yǔ)法 一、1.were walking；didn’t notice　2.was　3.will have e　4.won　5.aren’t 二、1.B　[by the time he gets home是用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來(lái)，主句用將來(lái)完成時(shí)。] 2．B　[一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去，與現(xiàn)在沒(méi)關(guān)系。句意為：Mr.White現(xiàn)在是個(gè)記者，但在高中工作過(guò)幾年。] 3．D　[before作副詞用時(shí)通常與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)連用。] 4．B　[一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去，與現(xiàn)在沒(méi)關(guān)系，“忘記”只是發(fā)生在過(guò)去現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)想起(沒(méi)關(guān)水管)來(lái)了。] 5．B　[本題考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意為：我正要去修剪玫瑰花叢，但有人已經(jīng)修剪了，是你嗎？由題意可知用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。] 6．B　[speak發(fā)生在became之前，故應(yīng)該用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。] 7．D　[當(dāng)went to get a book這個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生時(shí)另外一個(gè)動(dòng)作write正在發(fā)生，第一空應(yīng)該用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)；leave發(fā)生在went之前，故第二空用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。] 8．A　[I have no idea暗示試卷應(yīng)該在批閱之中，還沒(méi)有結(jié)果。] 9．A　[cause發(fā)生在swept之后，又因強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響，故用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。] 10．B　[be to do表將來(lái)，五年前沒(méi)有人能想像他(將來(lái))在文學(xué)界的作用。]