Unit3Understandingeachother,Grammarandusage,Objectives,TolearntoidentifyanunrealconditionalinasentenceTolearntheformsofunrealconditionalsTolearnwhentousetheunrealconditionalsTolearnhowtousetheunrealconditionals,Unrealconditionals虛擬語氣,Andyouprobablymuchsleepifyounearwhereaweddingreceptionwasbeingheld.如果你住的地方離婚禮現(xiàn)場不遠，你很可能睡不好。,wouldntget,lived,Unrealconditionals虛擬語氣,語氣（mood）也是動詞的一種形式變化。它表示說話者對所指的動詞或狀態(tài)所持的態(tài)度，而且，在謂語動詞上有所體現(xiàn)，語氣可分為三種：陳述語氣、祈使語氣和虛擬語氣。,Introduction,虛擬語氣(theSubjunctiveMood)是用來表示說話人所說的話不是事實，而是主觀愿望、假使、建議、推測、純粹的空想等。,例1：,Thesedoggiesaresleepingverysoundly.,（陳述語氣）,例2：,Stoplaughing!,（祈使語氣）,Ifyoukeepbeatingmelikethis,Iwouldtellyourteacher.,例3：,（虛擬語氣）,虛擬語氣可用于條件句和其它一些從句中。虛擬語氣用于條件句中的情況較復雜,所以要特別加以注意。首先，要判斷一下是否該用虛擬語氣,因為條件句有兩種,一種是真實條件句,一種是非真實條件句,只有在非真實條件句中才用虛擬語氣,在真實條件句中,要用陳述語氣。,Ifmyauntcomesthisafternoon,shewillbringmesomegifts.,如果姨媽下午來，她會給我?guī)ФY物的。,1.真實條件句:,Ifheweretoleavetoday,hewouldgettherebyFriday.,假如他今天離開，他周五將到那兒。,IfIwereyou,Iwouldgotolookforhim.,如果我是你，就會去找他。,2.非真實條件句:,如果條件句假設(shè)的情況完全不存在或者實現(xiàn)的可能性很小,甚至可以說幾乎沒有時,就需要用虛擬語氣來表達,也就是說,此時的條件句是非真實條件句。,非真實條件句的謂語動詞形式：,與現(xiàn)在事實相反的條件句的結(jié)構(gòu)：,條件句：過去時（be動詞用were）主句：would/could/might+動詞原形,IfIwereyou,Ishould/wouldgoatonce.IfIgotthechance,Iwouldwanttobealawyer.,例如：,注意:,在非正式表述或口語中，ifI/he/she/it之后,可用was代替were。兩者在意義上沒有區(qū)別，但是were更為正式，特別是在表述心存懷疑的事情時：,IfLucywereready,wewouldstart.假如露西準備好了，我們就出發(fā)。,與過去事實相反的條件句的結(jié)構(gòu)：,Ifyouhadbeentherelastnight,nothingwouldhavehappened.Iftheboyhadgotupearlier,hewouldhavecaughtthebus.,條件句：過去完成時haddone主句：would/could/might+havedone,與將來事實相反的條件句的結(jié)構(gòu)：,條件句：Ifwas/were/did主句：would/could/mightdo,Ifitweresunnytomorrow,wewouldgocamping.IfIwerefreenextSunday,Iwouldcertainlygotoyourparty.,注意:,在與將來事實可能相反的條件句中,謂語動詞還可用wereto或should+do來表示,如:,IfIweretofailmydrivingtest,Iwouldhavetotakeitagainnextmonth.,Ifheshouldcometomorrow,Iwouldtalktohimaboutit.,從if從句的動詞形態(tài)來看，使用虛擬語氣的條件句在時態(tài)方面比起真實條件句中的時態(tài)要向后退讓一步。,要點領(lǐng)會：,比較1：一般現(xiàn)在vs.一般過去（be動詞多采用were的形式）Ifheisathomenow,heissuretobesurfingtheInternet.（真實條件句）Ifhewereathomenow,hewouldbesurfingtheInternet.（虛擬條件句）,比較2：現(xiàn)在完成vs.過去完成Ifhehasfinishedhishomeworknow,heissuretobesurfingtheInternet.（真實條件句）Ifhehadfinishedhishomeworknow,hewouldbesurfingtheInternet.（虛擬條件句）,比較：過去vs.過去完成Ifheboughtthebookyesterday,hehadnomoneyleftforlunch.（真實條件句）Ifhehadboughtthebookyesterday,hewouldhavehadnomoneyleftforlunch.（虛擬條件句）,主句的謂語由具過去式形態(tài)的情態(tài)動詞如would、could、should等加上動詞原形（對現(xiàn)在和將來的虛擬）及完成形（對過去的虛擬）構(gòu)成。,要點領(lǐng)會：,Iftheykneweachother,theywouldbetalkingnow.（現(xiàn)在）Iftheyhadgotlostlastnight,theywouldhavebeencaughtbythestorm.（過去）Iftheyshouldlendusahand,wewouldfinishthetaskearlier.（將來）,Practice,Readthedialogueonpage40andfillineachblankwiththecorrectformoftheverbinbrackets.,非真實條件句的省略與倒裝：,在非真實條件句中,如果有were,had,should,我們可以將if省略,把這些詞置于從句的句首,形成倒裝,如:,IfIshouldmeether,Iwouldtellher.=ShouldImeether,Iwouldtellher.,IfIwereinyourposition,Iwoulddoitbetter.=WereIinyourposition,Iwoulddoitbetter.,Iftheyhadmadepreparations,theywouldhavesucceeded.=Hadtheymadepreparations,theywouldhavesucceeded.,如果虛擬條件句中沒有were,had和should則不能省略if,當然也不能倒裝。,注意：,Practice,1.Wereitnotforthesnowyweather,we_allrightnow.A.wouldbeB.wouldhavebeenC.wereD.maybe,2.Ifhe_metomorrow,Iwouldlethimknow.A.shouldcallB.shouldnothavebeenableC.werenotableD.arenotable,A,A,3._today,hewouldgettherebyFriday.A.WouldheleaveB.WasheleavingC.WerehetoleaveD.Ifheleaves,4.Ifit_thisafternoon,theEnglishpartywouldberuined.A.rainsB.rainedC.willrainD.wasraining,C,B,5.Ifyouhadrungusyesterday,wewould_youthatthemeetinghadbeenputoff.A.tellB.havetoldC.hadtoldD.betelling,B,混合虛擬條件句,非真實條件句中,有時主句謂語動詞所表示的動作和條件從句中謂語動詞所表示的動作并不同時發(fā)生,此時謂語動詞的形式要按照各自的時間來調(diào)整,而不完全按照上述規(guī)則來進行,這樣的句子叫混合虛擬條件句。,例如:Ifyouhadfollowedtheteachersadvice,thenyouwouldhavenodifficultynow.假如你聽從了老師的勸告，那你現(xiàn)在就不會有困難了。,IfIhadntfinishedmyhomeworkbynow,Iwouldbeworkingonittomorrow.如果我到現(xiàn)在還沒完成家庭作業(yè),那明天我還得做。,Ifhehadpreparedwellforhislessonsyesterday,hewouldnthavesomanydifficultiesnow.假如他昨天好好地準備功課的話，他現(xiàn)在就不會有這么多的困難。,Ifithadrainedlastnight(過去),itwouldbeverycoldtoday(現(xiàn)在).如果昨天下雨，今天就會很冷。,例如：Iwouldhavegonetovisithiminthehospitalhaditbeenatallpossible,butIwasfullyoccupiedthewholeoflastweek.-該句前半部分是假設(shè)虛擬，后半部分是事實的陳述。,混合虛擬語氣還有一種情況,就是事實和虛擬假設(shè)的混合句。,注意：,Answers(P40)attended(2)would/mightbe(3)went(4)would/mightsee(5)did(6)would/couldbe(7)travelled(8)wouldhavetotake(9)hadstarted(10)wouldnothaveneededAnswers(P41)(1)hadbeen(2)Had;got(3)Had;had/If;hadhad(4)Would;havebeen,Reflectiontime,Fillinthetable.,Ifwas/were/did,would/should/could/mightdo,Ifhad/been/done,would/should/couldmighthavedone,Ifwas/were/did/wereto/shoulddo,would/should/could/mightdo,1._fired,yourhealthcareandotherbenefitswillnotbeimmediatelycutoff.A.WouldyoubeB.ShouldyoubeC.CouldyoubeD.Mightyoube,2._youhaveanyquestions,pleasecontactourcustomerservicehotline.A.ShouldB.WouldC.CouldD.Might,I.Multiplechoice.,B,A,3.EverytimeIgoout,Iwilltakelotsofmoney_somethingunexpectedshouldhappen.A.otherwiseB.thereforeC.howeverD.incase,D,4.ImaginewhattodayslifewouldbelikeifAlexanderBell_thetelephonemorethan130yearsago.A.didntinventB.wouldntinventC.hadntinventedD.wouldnthaveinvented,C,5.Ifsomemeasures_toensurethesafetyoftheschool,morestudents_intheearthquakethen.A.weretaken;wouldsurviveB.hadbeentaken;didntsurviveC.hadbeentaken;wouldhavesurvivedD.weretaken;wouldsurvive,C,6.Ifitwerenotforthefactthatshe_sing,Iwouldinvitehertotheparty.A.couldntB.shouldntC.cantD.mightnot,7._hehadnothurthisleg,Johnwouldhavewonthegame.A.IfB.SinceC.ThoughD.When,C,A,8.Ifshehadworkedharder,she_.A.wouldsucceedB.wouldhavesucceededC.hadsucceededD.shouldsucceed,9.Ifthecompanyfailedtomakemoremoneynextmonth,it_closedown.A.mustB.havetoC.wouldD.oughtto,B,C,2011高考鏈接,I_throughthatbitterperiodwithoutyourgeneroushelp.(陜西)A.couldnthavegoneB.didntgoC.wouldntgoD.hadntgone2.They_havearrivedatlunchtimebuttheirflightwasdelayed.(全國)A.willB.canC.mustD.should,3.Wherearethechildren?Thedinnersgoingtobecompletelyruined.Iwishthey_alwayslate.(北京)A.werentB.hadntbeenC.wouldntbeD.wouldnthavebeen4.MaybeifI_science,andnotliteraturethen,Iwouldbeabletogiveyoumorehelp.(北京)A.studiedB.wouldstudyC.hadstudiedD.wasstudying,1.要是你準備功課再仔細一點的話,你就能通過考試了。Ifyouhadpreparedyourlessonsmorecarefully,youcouldhavepassedtheexam.2.要是那場颶風發(fā)生在晚上的話,將會有更多的人死亡。Ifthathurricanehadhappenedatnight,therewouldhavebeenmoredeaths.,II:Translation.,3.Itisessentialthat_(每個人都為緊急情況做好準備).4._(如果他按照我告訴他的辦法訂票),wewouldhavehadquiteacomfortablejourney.5.Imighthavemadethespeech_(要不是有人把我的話打斷了).,everyone(should)bepreparedforemergency,IfhehadbookedticketsinthewayItoldhim,ifIhadnotbeeninterrupted,Youdidntletmedrive.Ifwe_(drive)inturn,you_(notget)sotired.,2._it_(notbe)foryourhelp,Icouldnthavemadeanyprogress.,haddriven,wouldnthavegot,Had,notbeen,QuizIII:Fillintheblankswiththeverbsgiveninthebracketsintheirproperforms.,3.HasMrSmithrecoverednow?Yes.Who_(think)thatsuchaseriousillnesscouldbecured?,4._it_(rain)tomorrow,thematchwouldbecalledoff.,wouldhavethought,Were/Should,torain/rain,5.MostofthestudentsfeltratherdisappointedattheEnglishparty.Theysaidthatit_(organize)better.,6.Jeandoesntwanttoworkrightawaybecauseshethinksthatifshe_(get)ajob,sheprobablywouldntbeabletoseeherfriendsveryoften.,couldhavebeen,/shouldget/got,weretoget,organized,7.Muchlabourwouldhavebeensavedifelectroniccomputer_(invent)before.,8.Welldone,Jack！Thanks.Butgivenmoretime,I_(do)itbetter.,hadbeeninvented,could/would/mighthavedone,MagicLantern,MagicBrush,TimeMachine,Discussion:,Whatwouldyoudoifyouhada?,Homework,1.Practiseusingwhatwehavelearntinthisperiod.2.Finishtheexercisesintheworkbook.3.PreviewTask.,Thankyou!,