2019年高考英語一輪復習 語法專題訓練 動詞和動詞短語 新人教版 語法訓練10分鐘一 1．(xx課標Ⅰ卷)Try not to cough more than you can________since it may cause problems to your lungs. A．check　　　　　　　 B．allow C．stop　 D．help 解析：考查動詞辨析。根據句意：既然咳嗽可能造成你肺的一些問題，因此想咳就咳出來，不要忍著。 答案：D 2．(xx課標Ⅱ卷)The watch was very good，and he________20 percent down for it. A．paid　 B．cost C．bought　 D．spent 解析：本題考查動詞辨析。句意：這塊表非常好，他就預付了20%的錢。表示“某人付錢買某物”時，可以說sb. pay money for sth.或sb. spend money on sth.；buy后接所購買的物品，即buy sth.；cost通常不能用人作主語。 答案：A 3．(xx課標Ⅰ卷)At the last moment，Tom decided to________a new character to make the story seem more likely. A．put up　 B．put in C．put on　 D．put off 解析：在最后一刻，湯姆決定增加一個新人物以使故事更可信。A：建設；B：把……寫進；C：上演；D：推遲，故答案為B項。 答案：B 4．(xx天津卷)I had hoped to take a holiday this year but I wasnt able to________. A．get away　 B．drop in C．check out　 D．hold on 解析：考查動詞短語辨析。句意：我本希望今年度個假，但是我總是抽不開身。get away“(得以)離開，脫身”合題意；drop in“順便訪問”；check out“經檢查得到證實，獲得證明”；hold on“堅持住，別掛斷”。 答案：A 5．(xx浙江卷)Bears________fat stores throughout the summer and fall to have energy enough to last them through their winter sleep. A．pack up　 B．build up C．bring up　　 D．take up 解析：考查動詞詞組辨析。句意：熊在整個夏季和秋季積累脂肪，以便能使它們在冬眠的時候有足夠的能量。build up“積聚，積累”，符合句意。 答案：B 6．(xx課標全國Ⅰ卷) Mary is really good at taking notes in class.She can ________ almost every word her teacher says. A．put out　 B．put down C．put away 　 D．put together 解析：本題考查動詞短語辨析。句意：瑪麗確實很擅長上課時做筆記。她幾乎能把老師說的每一個字都記下來。put out出版，生產，撲滅；put down寫下，記下；put away收起來，放好，儲存；put together組成整體。根據句意可知答案為B。 答案：B 7．(xx天津卷)Parents and children should municate more to ________ the gap between them so that they can understand each other better. A．open 　 B．narrow C．widen 　 D．leave 解析：考查動詞辨析。句意：為了縮小代溝，進而增進彼此間的理解，父母同子女之間應該多交流。根據句意及gap(代溝)可知narrow(使變窄)正確。open打開；widen拓寬；leave留下。 答案：B 8．(xx江西卷)Ive ________ the habit of calling in on my grandparents on my way home from school. A．e into 　 B．gone into C．got into 　 D．run into 解析：本題考查動詞詞組辨析。句意：我已養(yǎng)成在放學路上去看望祖父母的習慣。get into the habit of doing sth.為固定短語，意為“養(yǎng)成做某事的習慣”。 答案：C 9．(xx陜西卷)He had to pause from time to time to wipe the sweat from his forehead，because the airconditioning system ________. A．broke in　 B．broke up C．broke out 　 D．broke down 解析：本題考查動詞詞組辨析。句意：他不得不時不時地停下來擦額頭上的汗，因為空調系統(tǒng)壞了。break in闖入，打斷；break up打碎，散開；break out爆發(fā)；break down出故障。根據句意選擇D項。 答案：D 10．(xx安徽卷)The athletes years of hard training ________ when she finally won the Olympic gold medal. A．went on 　 B．got through C．paid off 　 D．ended up 解析：考查動詞詞組辨析。句意：當這名運動員最后奪得奧運金牌的時候，她多年的刻苦訓練得到了回報。pay off：(of a risky policy，course of action，etc.)bring good results，be successful，work(尤指冒風險的政策、做法等)帶來好結果，成功，行得通；得到回報；A：繼續(xù)；B：通過，度過，接通電話；D：結束。根據語境可知C項正確。 答案：C 11．(xx湖北卷)Two lawyers have donated $50,000 to ________ our schools campaign“Help the Needy”，which was started by our former headmaster three years ago. A．sponsor 　 B．launch C．organize 　 D．plan 解析：考查動詞辨析。句意：兩個律師捐贈了五萬美元用以贊助我們學校的“幫助貧困者”這個活動，這個活動是由我們的前任校長在三年前發(fā)起的。sponsor表示“贊助(某人或某事物)，倡議(某事)”。launch表示“使(某事物)運動，發(fā)射”；organize表示“組織(某人或某事物)，將……編入組織或系統(tǒng)”；plan表示“打算(做某事)，意欲”。 答案：A 12．(xx湖北質檢)The princple that all teachers，regardless of subject，should________basic standards of petence in maths and English is already accepted by GCSE requirements. A．attain　 B．adore C．adopt　 D．assess 解析：考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：普通中等教育證書要求所有的老師，不論科目，在數(shù)學和英語方面都應該達到基本標準的能力的原則已經被接受。此處attain意為“達到，獲得”。adore，“崇拜；喜愛”；adopt，“采用；收養(yǎng)”；assess，“評定”。 答案：A 13．(xx山東模擬)The police set out in search of other children who might________Guizhous dustbins after 5 deaths for warmth. A．live　 B．rescue C．exist　 D．survive 解析：考查動詞辨析。survive，“幸存”。句意：垃圾箱里死了5個為了取暖的孩子后，警察開始尋找在貴州的垃圾箱中可能幸存下來的孩子。live，“生活，居住”；rescue，“援救，營救”；exist，“存在，生存”。 答案：D 14．(xx日照市模擬)When reading English novels，I often________some idiomatic expressions that I cant understand. A．e across　 B．go over C．get across　 D．take over 解析：考查動詞短語辨析。句意：讀英語小說時，我經常遇到一些我無法理解的慣用語。e across意為“(偶然)遇到，碰到”。go over，“復習”；get across，“理解；穿過”；take over，“接管”。 答案：A 15．(xx山西月考)It is not easy to learn English well but if you________，you will succeed in the end. A．hang up　 B．hang about C．hang on　 D．hang around 解析：考查動詞短語辨析。hang on，“(在逆境中)堅持，不放棄”。hang up，“掛斷電話”；hang about，“閑蕩”；hang around，“(在某處附近)等待，逗留”。 答案：C 語法訓練10分鐘二 1．(xx天津卷)If you are in trouble，Mike is always willing to________a hand. A．lend　 B．shake C．wave　 D．want 解析：考查動詞辨析。句意：如果你有麻煩了，Mike總是愿意幫你一把。lend a hand意為“幫忙”，為習慣搭配，合題意。 答案：A 2．(xx福建卷)Michelle found a job as a high school teacher which________spending quite a lot of time with students. A．enjoys　 B．involves C．practices　 D．suggests 解析：考查動詞辨析。句意：Michelle找到了一份高中教師的工作，(這份工作)需要和學生待在一起的時間比較長。involve“包含，需要”，符合句意。 答案：B 3．(xx課標Ⅱ卷)Would you like to________with us to the film tonight? A．e along　 B．e off C．e across　 D．e through 解析：考查動詞短語。從句意，與我們一道去看電影。e along with…“與…一道”合題意，故選A。 答案：A 4．(xx福建卷)Oldfashioned phones matter when wireless networks________in disasters. A．turn down　 B．turn out C．break down　 D．break out 解析：考查動詞短語。句意：在災難中，當無線網絡出故障時，老式的電話意義重大。break down“停止轉動，出故障”，合題意。 答案：C 5．(xx遼寧卷)Briggs will________as general manager when Mitchell retires. A．get away　 B．take over C．set off　 D．run out 解析：考查動詞短語。句意：Mitchell退休時Briggs將接任總經理職務。根據句意可知，B合題意。 答案：B 6．(xx課標全國Ⅰ卷)If she doesnt want to go，nothing you can say will ________ her. A．persuade　 B．promise C．invite 　 D．support 解析：本題考查動詞辨析。句意：如果她不想去，你說什么都不會說服她的。persuade說服；promise許諾，承諾；invite邀請；support支持，支撐，養(yǎng)家。 答案：A 7．(xx江西卷)We were all agreed that the cottage would ________ a perfect holiday home for the family. A．make 　 B．turn C．take 　 D．have 解析：本題考查動詞辨析。句意：我們一致同意，這座小屋會成為這家人完美的假日之家。make在這里用作系動詞，后接名詞。表示“serve or function as(sth.)；constitute用作(某事物)；起(某事物的)作用，組成，構成”。 答案：A 8．(xx福建卷)You had better ________ some time every day for sports so that you can keep yourself energetic. A．set aside 　 B．take up C．put away 　 D．give out 解析：本題考查動詞詞組辨析。句意：你最好每天抽出一些時間運動，以便能夠保持精力充沛。set aside留出(時間)；take up開始從事；put away放好，收好；give out分發(fā)。 答案：A 9．(xx江蘇卷)— OK，Ive had enough of it.I give up. — You cant ________ your responsibilities. A．run off with 　 B．run up against C．run out of 　 D．run away from 解析：本題考查動詞詞組辨析。句意：——好了，我受夠了。我放棄了。——你不能逃避你的責任。run off with偷走；run up against遇到(困難等)；run out of用完；run away from避開，躲避。 答案：D 10．(xx湖北卷)Finally，my thanks go to my tutor，who has offered a lot of suggestions and ments on my paper and ________ every page of my draft. A．approved 　 B．quoted C．polished 　 D．folded 解析：考查動詞辨析。句意：最后，我要感謝我的導師，他給我的論文提供了很多建議和評論，并且對我論文草稿的每一頁都做了修改。polish表示“修改，修飾”；approve表示“贊成，認可，同意”；quote表示“引用，引述，引證”；fold表示“折疊”。 答案：C 11．(xx浙江卷)Armed with the information you have gathered，you can ________ preparing your business plan. A．set out 　 B．set about C．set off 　 D．set up 解析：此題考查動詞詞組辨析。句意：有了你所收集的信息，你可以開始準備你的商業(yè)計劃了。set about doing sth.開始做某事，符合句意。set out后面要跟動詞不定式；set off出發(fā)，啟程，后面要跟動詞不定式或介詞，如：Ill set off early to avoid the traffic jam.或Jerry and I set off for the beach on foot.set up創(chuàng)立，建立，后面常跟名詞。 答案：B 12．(xx河北調研)In order to________nature，the government decided these areas as national parks. A．promote　 B．switch C．reform　 D．preserve 解析：考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：為保護自然，政府決定把這些區(qū)域作為國家公園。promote，“促進”；switch，“轉變，改變”；reform，“改革”；preserve，“維護”。 答案：D 13．(xx山東模擬)Hearing she failed again，the student________her face in her hands and cried. A．bent　 B．sheltered C．buried　 D．trapped 解析：考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：聽到她再一次失敗的消息，這名學生用手掩面而泣。bury ones face in ones hands，“雙手掩面”。 答案：C 14．(xx安徽聯(lián)考)“Judging the voice，and not the appearance”makes the show－“The Voice of China”________from the numerous other reality shows in China. A．stand out　 B．knock off C．take on　 D．get through 解析：考查動詞短語辨析。句意：以聲音來判斷而不是通過外表使得《中國好聲音》從中國眾多其他模仿秀中脫穎而出。stand out，“突出”；knock off，“撞倒；停工”；take on，“呈現(xiàn)；承擔；雇用”；get through，“通過；做完；接通電話”。根據題意可知選A項。 答案：A 15．(xx衡水中學模擬)When I was________the school football team because I was unfit，I knew it was time to quit________. A．taken off；smoking B．taken up；having smoked C．taken down；to smoke D．taken apart；smoking 解析：考查動詞短語辨析。句意：當因為我健康的原因被校足球隊開除時，我知道該是我戒煙的時候了。take off，“開除”；take up，“從事；占據”；take down，“記下”；take apart，“拆卸”。quit doing sth.，“停止做某事”。根據句意應選A項。 答案：A