2019年高考總復(fù)習(xí) 語言基礎(chǔ)知識(shí) 考點(diǎn)歸納拓展 Module 1 Deep South 外研版選修8balance v使保持平衡n.平衡；平衡能力；天平經(jīng)典例句Everything you see exists together in a delicate balance.世界上所有的生命都在微妙的平衡中生存。(1)keep the balance of nature保持生態(tài)平衡keep ones balance 保持平衡lose ones balance/be out of balance失去平衡(2)balance sth against 權(quán)衡；斟酌；比較(3)balanced adj.保持(或顯示)平衡的keep a balanced diet 保持飲食平衡I lost my balance and fell on my face.我失去平衡，臉著地摔倒了。You have to _ the disadvantages.你得權(quán)衡一下住在鄉(xiāng)下的好處和壞處。A balanced diet is very important for you to keep health.平衡飲食對(duì)你保持健康非常重要。答案balance the advantages of living in the countryside against【巧學(xué)助記】trap v儲(chǔ)存；留存；設(shè)陷阱捕捉；使陷入困境n.陷阱；圈套；詭計(jì)；埋伏經(jīng)典例句Its easy to fall into a trap, but hard to get out again.墮入陷阱易，脫離陷阱難。(1)trap sb into (doing) sth使某人陷入(做)某事的圈套be/get trapped in被困在中(2)fall into the trap of doing sth 落入的圈套set/lay a trap for 為設(shè)圈套He was trapped in the crashed car and couldnt move his legs.他被困在撞壞的汽車?yán)?，兩腿?dòng)彈不得。 By clever questioning they _ making a confession.他們用巧妙的提問誘使他招認(rèn)了。答案trapped him intodiscourage v阻止；打消的念頭經(jīng)典例句I knew nothing would ever discourage him, he would never give up wanting to be director.我知道沒有什么會(huì)使他灰心，他永遠(yuǎn)也不會(huì)放棄想成為一名導(dǎo)演的夢(mèng)想。(1)discourage sb from doing sth勸某人不要做某事；使某人失去做某事的信心(2)be/get discouraged變得灰心喪氣We ought to be focusing on discouraging kids from smoking.我們應(yīng)把重點(diǎn)放在勸阻孩子們不要吸煙上。Hearing the discouraging result，he felt very discouraged.聽了這個(gè)令人泄氣的結(jié)果，他感到很泄氣。Students will soon _ if you criticize them too often.如果你批評(píng)學(xué)生次數(shù)太多的話，他們很快就會(huì)泄氣的。答案get discouraged集 訓(xùn) 中 心.單詞拼寫1Youd better keep a b_diet for the benefit of your health.2At one time，she is fine；but at another，she is a_.3If you meet with any difficulty in your study，dont be d_. 4The Prime Ministers visit will p_the cooperation between the two countries.5She had the time and the _(靈感)to develop her talent.6It is important to assess the _(可靠性)of the data.7Quick！Call an ambulance！This is an _(緊急情況)！學(xué)生用書第214頁8.Her _(缺席) from the party made her good friends very angry.答案1.balanced2.abnormal3.discouraged4.promote5.inspiration6.reliability7.emergency8.absence.單項(xiàng)填空1(xx天津卷)You are working too hard. Youd better keep a _ between work and relaxation.Apromise Blead Cbalance Ddiary答案C考查名詞辨析。句意：你工作太努力了。你最好保持在工作和放松之間的平衡。promise諾言；lead領(lǐng)先；balance平衡；diary日記。keep a balance為固定短語，意為“保持平衡”，符合句意，故選C。2(xx涼山二診)Share prices are falling sharply, which _ investors from buying and selling shares.Aprevents BprotectsCdiscourages Dpersuades答案C考查動(dòng)詞辨析。句意：股票價(jià)格的急劇下跌大大挫傷了投資者買賣股票的信心。discourage表示“使泄氣”，符合句意。核 心 短 語in case of 如果；假使經(jīng)典例句Many people are at a loss as to what to do in case of a real fire.一旦真的發(fā)生火災(zāi)，許多人就不知所措，不知道該干什么好了。in case (that)假使；以防萬一in any case 無論如何；總之in no case決不(放在句首時(shí)，用部分倒裝)in this /that case 如果這樣/那樣 as is often the case 這是常有的事Please remind me of the meeting again tomorrow _.請(qǐng)明天再提醒我關(guān)于會(huì)議的事，以免我忘了。In no case _ my motherland.我決不會(huì)背叛我的祖國。As is often the case, solving one problem can cause or uncover another.事實(shí)往往是這樣，解決一個(gè)問題可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致或暴露另一個(gè)問題。答案in case I forgetwill I turn against【知識(shí)鏈接】像in no case 一樣，表示“決不”，放在句首時(shí)，用部分倒裝的短語還有：at no time, by no means ，under no circumstances ，in no way，on no occasion等。集 訓(xùn) 中 心.選詞填空e into sight；set foot on；as a result；e up with；adapt oneself to；stand out；in case； break up1Write the telephone number down _ you forget.2Nobody has ever _ the lonely island.3She _ in the crowd，for she is two meters in height.4A camel _ in the desert soon.5You should _ the new environment.6They still havent _ a name for their baby.答案1.in case2.set foot on3.stands out4.came into sight5.adapt yourself to6e up with.單項(xiàng)填空1(xx北京卷)I took my driving license with me on holiday，_ I wanted to hire a car.Ain case Beven ifCever since Dif only答案A考查連詞短語。句意：度假時(shí)我隨身攜帶駕駛證以備租車之需。A項(xiàng)“以防，以防萬一”，符合句意；B項(xiàng)表示“即使”；C項(xiàng)表示“自從以后”；D項(xiàng)表示“但愿就好了”。2(xx福建莆田高三質(zhì)檢)Dangerous waste will do great harm to human health and environment _ improper management.Ain return for Bin case ofCregardless of Dinstead of答案B考查介詞短語辨析。句意：如果對(duì)有害廢物處理不當(dāng)，將會(huì)對(duì)人的身體及環(huán)境造成很大的危害。in return for作為回報(bào)；in case of萬一，如果；regardless of不管；instead of而不是，代替。由語境可知，選B。3How can I pick out your car in the parking lot?Its easy.The bright colour of my car makes it _.Aturn out Bstick outCstand out Dget out答案C答句句意為“很容易。我的車的顏色很鮮艷，非常顯眼?！彼栽谕＼噲?chǎng)很容易找到。4(xx河北唐山高三摸底)All you had to do was think a little harder and _ a new solution.Afill up with Bend up withCput up with De up with答案D考查動(dòng)詞短語辨析。句意：你所能做的就是再仔細(xì)思考并想出個(gè)新的解決方法。e up with意為“提出，想出”，符合題意。fill up with意為“充滿”；end up with意為“結(jié)束”；put up with意為“忍受”。核 心 句 型Then in 1895，a Norwegian called Carstens Borchgrevink became the first man to set foot on the Antarctic mainland.后來到了1895年，一個(gè)叫卡斯騰博克格雷溫克的挪威人成為第一個(gè)踏上南極大陸的人。(1)the first.to do.“第一個(gè)做的”，用動(dòng)詞不定式作定語。序數(shù)詞或由序數(shù)詞修飾的名詞后常用不定式作后置定語。He is always the first to bear hardships，the last to enjoy forts.他總是一個(gè)吃苦在前，享樂在后的人。 (2)有些名詞后?？筛欢ㄊ阶鞫ㄕZ，如chance, way, time, promise, ability, ambition, attempt, courage等。Is that the best way to _？那是解決那個(gè)問題的最好方法嗎？There are many goods in that shop to choose from.那家商店有很多商品可以挑選。答案solve the problem名師點(diǎn)睛 如果不定式是不及物動(dòng)詞，后面就必須有必要的介詞。集 訓(xùn) 中 心.用括號(hào)內(nèi)動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1The question _(discuss) at tomorrows meeting is a very important one.2A terrible air crash happened over the Atlantic Ocean，_ (kill) 150 passengers.3Whoever is the first _(finish )the task will get a prize.答案1.to be discussed2.killing3.to finish.完成句子1There were a lot of problems _.有許多問題需要處理。 2She usually has a lot of meetings _. 她晚上經(jīng)常有很多會(huì)要開。 3Have you enough paper _？你有足夠的紙來寫字嗎？4He is late for class today，_.他今天遲到了，而這是經(jīng)常的事。答案1.to deal with/to be dealt with2.to attend in the evenings3.to write on4.as is often the case.單項(xiàng)填空1(xx陜西模擬)_ is often the case with children, Amy was better by the time the doctor arrived.AIt BThat CWhat DAs答案D考查定語從句。句意：孩子們通常就是這樣，醫(yī)生來的時(shí)候埃米就好些了。as is often the case固定搭配，意思是“通常就是這樣”。2(xx濟(jì)南一中等四校高三聯(lián)考)There was no signal in that faraway village and all my attempts _ you failed.Ato contact BcontactingCcontacted Dhaving contacted答案A考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：在那個(gè)遙遠(yuǎn)的村莊沒有信號(hào)，因此我怎么也聯(lián)系不上你。attempt后面應(yīng)用不定式作定語。3(xx內(nèi)江二診)Im going to the post office. Do you have anything _？No, thanks.Aposting Bto postCto be posted Dto have posted答案C由Im going to the post office可知是詢問對(duì)方是否有東西需要郵寄(是尚未發(fā)生的動(dòng)作)，故用不定式作定語，且post與anything之間是邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故選C項(xiàng)。4(xx陜西寶雞質(zhì)量檢測(cè)三)Not until he went abroad for further study _ how attached he was to his parents.Athat the realized Bhad he realizedCdid he realize Dthat he had realized答案C考查倒裝和時(shí)態(tài)。句意：直到去國外深造他才意識(shí)到他有多么依戀父母。當(dāng)not until位于句首時(shí)，句子要倒裝，另外，根據(jù)句中的“went”和“was”可知，此處應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)。故選C。.單句改錯(cuò)1The weather discouraged most people attending_.2He is always the first one of get to school._.答案1.people后面加from2.ofto單 元 語 法復(fù)習(xí)主語和動(dòng)詞1(xx山東濰坊高三聯(lián)合考試)Every time we stay together, _ I hear from him is always inspiring stories.Awhat Bthat Cwhen Dwhether答案A考查主語從句。句意：每次我們待在一起，我從他那里聽到的總是鼓舞人心的故事。what引導(dǎo)主語從句且在從句中作hear的賓語。2Large amounts of money _ spent on the magnificent building, but the poor _ not allowed to have a single room.Awas; were Bwere; wereCwas; was Dwere; was答案Bamounts of修飾不可數(shù)名詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞與amounts保持一致，因此用復(fù)數(shù)。the poor是“the形容詞”結(jié)構(gòu)表示一類人，其作主語時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。故選B。3(xx南充一診)How should I deal with this old puter?_ it to whoever is in need.ASend BSent CTo send DSending答案A考查祈使句。由上句可知，說話者在問對(duì)方的意見，對(duì)方直接給予了命令或建議：把舊電腦送給需要它的人。所以答語實(shí)際上是一個(gè)祈使句，故用動(dòng)詞原形。4(xx福建三明高三聯(lián)考)Some necessary equipment as well as food and clothes _ sent to the disasterhit area since the powerful earthquake occurred.Ahas been Bhave been Cis being Dare being答案A考查主謂一致。本句的主語是Some necessary equipment，所以謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。時(shí)間狀語為“since一般過去時(shí)”，所以應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)。