2019-2020年高考英語(yǔ)大一輪復(fù)習(xí) 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 北師大版一、can和could的用法1表示能力Her mother can speak French.2表示客觀可能性Anybody can make mistakes.3表示許可(多用于口語(yǔ))Can I go now?二、may和might的用法1表示允許、請(qǐng)求 May I watch TV now?Yes，you may.(Yes，please.)No，you mustnt.(No，youd better not.)2表示可能性(主要用于陳述句、肯定或否定句，疑問(wèn)句用can代替)The story may not be true.3表示祝愿(不用might)May you succeed!三、need和dare的用法1need表示“需要，必要”，只能用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句。在肯定句中，常用must和have to代替。2dare表示“敢”，通常用于否定句、疑問(wèn)句和條件狀語(yǔ)從句中。Dare you go home alone at eleven in the evening?3need和dare的特殊用法(1)need表“需要”時(shí)，可用want，require代替。The desk needs to be repaired./The desk needs repairing.(2)dare作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞時(shí)，在肯定句中要接to，在疑問(wèn)句和否定句中to可省去。He dares to catch a snake.四、will和would的用法1will(1)表示請(qǐng)求、建議，常用于第二人稱(chēng)。Will you please go with me?(2)表示意愿、決定、允許。I will never do that again.(3)表示習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作或某種傾向，“總是，慣于”，通常用于第三人稱(chēng)。Fish will die out of water.2would(1)表示請(qǐng)求、建議，比will委婉，指現(xiàn)在時(shí)間，多用于第二人稱(chēng)。Would you like a cup of tea?(2)表示過(guò)去習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作或某種傾向。We would play badminton on Sundays.五、shall和should的用法1shall(1)用于第一、三人稱(chēng)，在問(wèn)句中表示征求對(duì)方意見(jiàn)或請(qǐng)求。(2)用于第二、三人稱(chēng)表示命令或威脅。You shall do as your father says.2should(1)表示責(zé)任、義務(wù)，意為“應(yīng)該”。(2)表示驚訝語(yǔ)氣，意為“竟然”。You should wear slippers in class.(3)用于條件句，表示“假如，萬(wàn)一”，省去if，should可提至句首。Should you be late，apologize to the teacher.六、“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞have done”的用法1must have done sth.；can(could) have done sth.(1)must have done sth.表示對(duì)過(guò)去已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事情的有把握的推測(cè)，意思是“想必、準(zhǔn)是、一定做了某事”，只用在肯定句中。It must have rained last night，for the ground is wet.(2)can(could) have done sth.表示對(duì)過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作的懷疑和不肯定，通常用在否定句和疑問(wèn)句中。He cant have forgotten it.2neednt have done sth.；didnt need to do sth.(1)neednt have done sth.表示已完成不需要完成的動(dòng)作。You neednt have waken me up.I dont have to go to work today.(2)didnt need to do sth.表示沒(méi)有必要做而實(shí)際上也沒(méi)有做某事。I didnt need to clean the windows.My brother did it.3may/might have done sth.may/might have done sth.表示對(duì)過(guò)去已發(fā)生的動(dòng)作的推測(cè)，意為“也許/或許已經(jīng)”。Im not sure.He might have said so at the conference.4should have done sth.should have done sth.表示本來(lái)應(yīng)該做某事而實(shí)際上未做。You should have told him about it.5had better have done sth.；would rather have done sth.；would like/love to have done sth.(1)had better have done sth.表示事后的建議，含輕微責(zé)備的口吻，意為“當(dāng)時(shí)做了某事就好了”，其否定形式had better not have done sth.表達(dá)相反的含義。(2)would rather have done sth.表示“寧愿當(dāng)時(shí)做某事”，其否定形式would rather not have done sth.表達(dá)相反的含義，兩者都含有“后悔”之意。I would rather have taken his advice.(3)would like/love to have done sth.表示過(guò)去愿意做某事，但未做成。I would love to have gone to the party last night，but I had to work extra hours to finish my report.1I_have watched that movieitll give me horrible dreams.(xx山東，25)Ashouldnt BneedntCcouldnt Dmustnt2Mark_have hurried.After driving at top speed，he arrived half an hour early.(xx天津，9)Aneednt BwouldntCmustnt Dcouldnt3Just be patient.You_expect the world to change so soon.(xx全國(guó)，29)Acant BneedntCmay not Dwill not4I havent got the reference book yet，but Ill have a test on the subject next month.Dont worry.You_have it by Friday.(xx江蘇，25)Acould BshallCmust Dmay5May I take this book out of the reading room?No，you_.You read it here.(xx陜西，23)Amightnt BwontCneednt Dmustnt一、用適當(dāng)?shù)那閼B(tài)動(dòng)詞填空1Looking people in the eye _ sometimes make them nervous and embarrassed.2Oh my god！You _ wear slippers to attend the conference.Im sorry.I forgot there is a conference.3Hello，Peter.Would you please go shopping with me after school?Sorry.Our school is a boarding school.In school days nobody _ go out of school without the head teachers permission.4Has Tim started？He said he would join in the party.He _(leave)He is a man of his word.5Why can your teacher know so much about London?He _ have been there before.二、單項(xiàng)填空1In fact，you _ go outside at all.Theres a supermarket just downstairs.Acouldnt BmustntCneednt Dshouldnt2Im feeling cold today.You _ more warm clothes.Ashould wear Bshould have wornCcan have worn Dcan wear3Did Mary e to the party?I dont know.She _ while I was out.Amay have e Bmust have eCmight e Dcould e4Alice looks sad.Did you tell her about the accident?Yes，but I _ her just before her final examinations.Ashould have told Bshouldnt have toldCneednt have told Dmust have told5I know she was in because I heard her radio，but she didnt open the door.She _ the bell.Amay not be hearing Bmay not have heardCmust not have heard Dmust not be hearing6Look，Tom has fallen asleep.Oh，he _ too late yesterday evening.Amight stay up Bshould have stayed upCcould stay up Dmust have stayed up7As it turned out to be a small house party，we _ so formally.Aneednt dress upBdid not have dressed upCdid not need dress upDneednt have dressed up8Ill tell Mary about the new job tomorrow.You _ her last week.Aought to tell Bmay tellCwould have told Dought to have told 9.The traffic is heavy these days.I _ arrive a bit late，so could you save me a place?Acan Bmust Cneed Dmight10You _ fail to pass the College Entrance Examinations if you dont study harder.Ashall BcouldCmust Dshould答案感悟高考1A句意為：我本不應(yīng)該看那部電影它會(huì)給我?guī)?lái)噩夢(mèng)。由破折號(hào)后的內(nèi)容來(lái)判斷，其前內(nèi)容為“不該做某事而做了”。shouldnt have done sth.本來(lái)不該做某事卻做了；neednt have done sth.本來(lái)不必做某事卻做了；couldnt have done sth.為否定推測(cè)，表示“不可能做過(guò)某事”。2A句意為：馬克本沒(méi)有必要那么急，全速開(kāi)車(chē)后他提前了半個(gè)小時(shí)到達(dá)。根據(jù)句意和前后的照應(yīng)可知應(yīng)選A項(xiàng)。A項(xiàng)表示“本沒(méi)有必要”；B項(xiàng)意為“不會(huì)”；C項(xiàng)表示“不允許”；D項(xiàng)表示“不可能”。顯然，B、C、D三項(xiàng)與后文論述不符。3A句意為：要耐心。你不能期望世界會(huì)這么快地改變。cant不可能，不能；neednt沒(méi)有必要；may not可能不；will not將不會(huì)，不會(huì)。根據(jù)句意知選A項(xiàng)。4B句意為：我還沒(méi)有弄到參考書(shū)，但是下個(gè)月我將參加這門(mén)學(xué)科的測(cè)試。不要擔(dān)心，到星期五時(shí)你就有了。could能夠；shall在句中表示“允諾”；must必須；may也許，可以。5D句意為：我可以把這本書(shū)帶出閱覽室嗎？不可以，你一定不能帶出去。你就在這里讀。mustnt表示強(qiáng)烈地禁止。領(lǐng)悟語(yǔ)法一、1.can2.shouldnt3.shall4.must have left5must二、1.Cneednt表示沒(méi)有必要；mustnt表禁止。句意為：事實(shí)上，你根本沒(méi)有必要出去，樓下就有一個(gè)超市。2A由“Im feeling.”的時(shí)態(tài)可知，應(yīng)該說(shuō)的是現(xiàn)在的事情，所以要用“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞原形”，根據(jù)句意可知應(yīng)該多穿點(diǎn)衣服。3A由did可知是對(duì)過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情進(jìn)行猜測(cè)，要用“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)”，由I dont know可知該推測(cè)不那么的肯定，所以選A，表示“當(dāng)我出去時(shí)她可能來(lái)過(guò)”。4B由“Alice looks sad”可知我本不應(yīng)該在期末考試前告訴她這個(gè)事故的。5B由第一句的時(shí)態(tài)可知事情發(fā)生在過(guò)去。對(duì)過(guò)去的事情進(jìn)行猜測(cè)，要用“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)”，故選擇B；must表猜測(cè)時(shí)不用在否定句中。6D由yesterday evening可知事情發(fā)生在過(guò)去，對(duì)過(guò)去的事情進(jìn)行猜測(cè)，要用“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)”。must have done sth.意為“肯定做過(guò)某事”；should have done sth.意為“本應(yīng)該做而未做某事”。7D由“As it turned out.”是對(duì)過(guò)去的事情進(jìn)行推測(cè)可知，要用“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)”；neednt have done意為“本沒(méi)必要做卻做了”。句意為：這么小的一個(gè)家庭聚會(huì)，我們本沒(méi)必要正式化妝的。8D由last week可知是過(guò)去該做某事而未做，故用“should/ought tohave done sth.”。 9.D句意為：近來(lái)交通擁擠，我可能會(huì)晚一點(diǎn)到，你能給我占個(gè)位子嗎？表示不確定的推測(cè)用might。can表示“可能”，把握性比might大；must表示“肯定”，是非常接近于事實(shí)的推斷；need表示“必要，需要”，三者均與句意不符。10Ashall用于第二人稱(chēng)表示警告。