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2019年高考英語(yǔ) 語(yǔ)法集訓(xùn)過(guò)關(guān) 名詞性從句（含解析） Ⅰ. 單項(xiàng)填空 1. (xx重慶模擬)Life is　　　happens to you while you’re busy making other plans. A. which　 B. where　 C. what　 　D. when 2. The reason why I didn’t go to Shanghai was　　　I got a new job in Beijing. A. that B. why C. which D. because 3. 　　　surprised me most was　　　such a little boy of seven could play the violin so well. A. That; what B. What; that C. That; which D. What; which 4. (xx溫嶺模擬)If you often feel tired and can’t focus your attention, that is　　　 you have to stop studying too hard and to have a rest. A. because B. whether C. when D. what 5. (xx浙大附中模擬)I remember well that is　　　he parked his car that night. A. where B. why C. in which D. when 6. (原創(chuàng))Stone is strong and can not be rotten. That is　　　stone walls are used instead of fences around New England fields. A. why B. because C. that D. what 7. At that time, it seemed　　　I couldn’t think of the right word to fort her broken heart. A. even though B. as if C. which D. so that 8. His success was because of　　　he had been working hard. A. that B. the fact which C. the fact that D. the fact 9. (xx寧波模擬)Anyone who applies for the position must meet the requirement 　　　he or she should have a good mand of English. A. which B. whether C. how D. that 10. Three days later, word came　　　our country had sent up another man-made satellite. A. which B. when C. that D. where 11. (xx桐鄉(xiāng)模擬)Evidence came up　　　specific speech sounds are recognized by babies as young as 6 months old. A. what B. which C. that D. whose 12. I have no idea　　　or not he has finished the papers assigned by our teacher. A. if B. that C. whether D. which 13. News has been put forward　　　more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities. A. while B. when C. that D. as 14. 　　　　is a fact　　　　quite a few people in China are growing rich on their hard work. A. It; that B. It; which C. This; that D. That; that 15. (xx成都模擬)　　　is known to us all is that the Diaoyu Islands have belonged to China since ancient times. A. It B. What C. As D. That 16. 　　　the PX project will be called off depends, for it still needs more research and discussion. A. That B. Whether C. Where D. What 17. 　　　made his mother angry that the boy didn’t take medicine. A. It B. What C. That D. Which 18. It is uncertain　　　side effect the medicine will bring about, although about two thousand patients have taken it. A. that B. what C. how D. whether 19. (xx嘉興模擬)Eating is so important to Chinese　　　we have the term “food culture”. But recent reports have the public worried about　　　is on our tables. A. what; that B. which; that C. that; which D. that; what 20. You can’t imagine　　　　when they received these nice Christmas presents. A. how they were excited B. how excited they were C. how excited were they D. they were how excited 21. 　　　　is expected, according to the online survey, is　　　　the price of housing will not go up any more. A. As; what B. It; that C. What; that D. What; which 22. They discussed　　　they could settle the problem without others’ help. A. if B. that C. what D. whether 23. We should get prepared for dealing with　　　　problems arise from our work and life. A. any B. whichever C. whatever D. however 24. It was not until dark　　　he found　　　he thought was the correct way to solve the problem. A. that; what B. that; that C. when; what D. when; that 25. (xx合肥模擬)If you wake up at 3: 00 a. m. , don’t count sheep. Instead, focus on　　　you can feel and touch. A. that B. how C. whether D. what Ⅱ. 任務(wù)型閱讀 請(qǐng)認(rèn)真閱讀下列短文, 并根據(jù)所讀內(nèi)容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一個(gè)最恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~。 注意: 每個(gè)空格只填一個(gè)單詞。 Women are avoiding academic careers in math-intensive fields because the lifestyle is not consistent with motherhood, researchers at Cornell University found in a study to be published next month in American Scientist Magazine. Universities have long been criticized for hiring and evaluation policies that discriminate against women, but the findings of this new study point to the female biological clock as a main reason why so few women end up as professors in fields such as math, engineering, physics and puter science. A woman who wants a family looks at the tough path to a tenured(終身的)position and considers how old she will be before she can start a family and how little time she will have to raise her children. Many of those women choose a more flexible career. “Universities have been largely inflexible about anything other than the standard timetable, which means you’ll have to struggle for years and only then would you consider getting pregnant(懷孕的), ”said Wendy Williams, a human development professor at Cornell who co-authored the study with her husband, Stephen Ceci. Williams and Ceci analyzed data about the academic careers of men and women with and without children. Before women became mothers, they had careers equal to or more successful than their male peers. But once they gave birth, the dynamic changed. Women in other academic fields such as the humanities and social sciences face similar problems and often leave academia as well. But because there are so many women in those Ph D programs, enough finally stay to amount to a critical mass of female professors. In math-heavy fields, however, women make up a tiny minority of the graduate students. So when the rare few who make it through a Ph D program leave because universities are not concerned about their needs as mothers at all, the net result is almost no women represented on faculty rosters(教師名單), the study said. Phenomenon Few women choose(1)　　　careers in math-intensive fields Reasons General belief The hiring and evaluation policies of universities don’t treat women(2) 　　　 New discovery So few women end up as professors in fields such as math, engineering, physics and puter science(3)　　　because of the female biological clock Supporting details The(4)　　　path and the countless hours they need to devote to their work make them give up Universities have been inflexible about anything(5)　　　the standard timetable Before women became mothers, they had careers equal to or more(6)　　　than their male peers. But after they had children, things changed Women in other academic fields are also(7)　　　with the same problem and leave academia as well (8)_______ The fact that the lifestyle of professors doesn’t(9)　　　with their motherhood leads to their being unwilling to take up academic careers in math-intensive fields. Even if the rare few make it through a Ph D program, they leave in the end because universities don’t(10)　　　about their needs as mothers 【語(yǔ)篇隨練】多練一點(diǎn)　技高一籌 根據(jù)任務(wù)型閱讀回答問(wèn)題 1. How were the women’s careers before they gave birth to children? 2. Why women are avoiding academic careers in math-intensive fields? 答案解析 Ⅰ. 1.【解析】選C?？疾楸碚Z(yǔ)從句。句意: 生活是當(dāng)你忙著制訂其他計(jì)劃時(shí)所發(fā)生的事情。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu), happens是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞, 空格處應(yīng)是從句的主語(yǔ), 因此不用副詞where和when。which表示哪一個(gè), 不符合句意。 2. 【解析】選A?？疾楸碚Z(yǔ)從句。the reason(. . . )is/was that. . . , “……的原因是……”, 是一個(gè)固定的表達(dá)結(jié)構(gòu), 這時(shí)的表語(yǔ)從句不用why, because或其他引導(dǎo)詞。 3. 【解析】選B?？疾橹髡Z(yǔ)從句和表語(yǔ)從句。句意: 使我非常吃驚的是這么一個(gè)七歲的小男孩能把鋼琴?gòu)椀媚敲春谩５谝豢帐侵髡Z(yǔ)從句, 缺少主語(yǔ), 用what; 第二空是表語(yǔ)從句, 沒(méi)有意義, 因此用that。 4. 【解析】選C?？疾楸碚Z(yǔ)從句。句意: 如果你經(jīng)常感到疲倦, 不能集中精力, 那就是你必須停止刻苦學(xué)習(xí)好好休息的時(shí)候了。從句中不缺少主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ), 因此不用what; because表示原因; whether是否, 不符合句意。 5. 【解析】選A。考查表語(yǔ)從句。句意: 我清楚地記得那天晚上他停車(chē)的地方。從句he parked his car that night中有時(shí)間, 因此不能選D。C項(xiàng)是定語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)詞; why與句意不符。所以選A。 6. 【解析】選A?？疾楸碚Z(yǔ)從句。句意: 石頭結(jié)實(shí)而且又不會(huì)腐爛。這就是為什么在新英格蘭用石頭墻而不用柵欄的原因。why引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句, 從句內(nèi)容是結(jié)果; because引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句, 從句內(nèi)容是原因。that的主語(yǔ)需是reason; what在從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ), 但從句中不缺少主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)。 7. 【解析】選B。考查表語(yǔ)從句。句意: 當(dāng)時(shí), 我似乎怎么也想不出一個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)淖盅蹃?lái)安慰她破碎的心。even though引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句, 表示“雖然, 盡管”; which哪一個(gè); so that引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句或目的狀語(yǔ)從句; as if似乎, 好像, 符合句意。 8. 【解析】選C?？疾橥徽Z(yǔ)從句。句意: 他的成功是因?yàn)楣ぷ髋?。because of后只能跟名詞、代詞、動(dòng)名詞或what從句, the fact后應(yīng)該跟that引導(dǎo)的同位語(yǔ)從句。 9.【解析】選D?？疾橥徽Z(yǔ)從句。句意: 凡是申請(qǐng)這一崗位的人必須符合掌握英語(yǔ)這一要求。從句結(jié)構(gòu)完整不缺少句子成分, that在從句中沒(méi)有意義, 整個(gè)從句是對(duì)requirement的解釋。 10. 【解析】選C?？疾榉指羰酵徽Z(yǔ)從句。句意: 三天后有消息說(shuō), 我們國(guó)家又發(fā)射了一顆人造衛(wèi)星。that引導(dǎo)的同位語(yǔ)從句是對(duì)word的解釋, 被came分開(kāi)了。 11.【解析】選C。考查分隔式同位語(yǔ)從句。句意: 六個(gè)月大的嬰兒可以識(shí)別具體的語(yǔ)音這一證據(jù)被提出了。evidence后接同位語(yǔ)從句被came up分開(kāi)了, 句子意思完整, 所以選that。 12. 【解析】選C?？疾橥徽Z(yǔ)從句。句意: 我不知道他是否完成了我們老師布置的論文。whether or not是否, 是一個(gè)固定的用法, 其余連詞不和or not連用。 13. 【解析】選C。考查同位語(yǔ)從句。句意: 更多中學(xué)生將被允許進(jìn)入大學(xué)的消息被提出了。that引導(dǎo)的是news的同位語(yǔ)從句, 是對(duì)news的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行說(shuō)明, 且that不作成分, “消息”的內(nèi)容是……。 14. 【解析】選A?？疾橹髡Z(yǔ)從句。為了保持句子平衡, 經(jīng)常用“it”作為形式主語(yǔ), 放在句首, 而把真正的主語(yǔ)從句放到后面。從句中結(jié)構(gòu)完整, 因此不用連接代詞which。 15. 【解析】選B。考查主語(yǔ)從句。分析題目結(jié)構(gòu)可以看出, 題目中“　　　is known to us all”是句子主語(yǔ), 空格處缺少的是從句的連接詞, 同時(shí)該連接詞還在從句中作主語(yǔ), 因此只能選擇what。其余各項(xiàng)均無(wú)此功能。 【加固訓(xùn)練】 We thought　　　strange that Tom did not e to school yesterday. A. that B. it C. this D. what 【解析】選B?？疾樾问劫e語(yǔ)。句意: 湯姆昨天沒(méi)來(lái)上學(xué), 我們覺(jué)得很奇怪。it作形式賓語(yǔ), 其余選項(xiàng)無(wú)此功能, that從句是真正的賓語(yǔ)。 【拓展延伸】what, it, that和as在句中的不同表達(dá) 眾所周知, 中國(guó)是一個(gè)歷史悠久的國(guó)家。 (1)what主語(yǔ)從句的表達(dá)結(jié)構(gòu)為: What is known to us all is that China is a country with a long history. (2)it作形式主語(yǔ)的結(jié)構(gòu)為: It is known to us all that China is a country with a long history. (3)that引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句結(jié)構(gòu)為: That China is a country with a long history is known to us. (4)as引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句結(jié)構(gòu)為: As is known to us, China is a country with a long history. 16.【解析】選B。考查名詞性從句。句意: PX項(xiàng)目是否將被取消還不一定, 因?yàn)樗€需要更多的研究和討論。whether引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句, 意為“是否”。 【加固訓(xùn)練】 　　　　is going to do the job will be decided by the Party mittee. A. That B. Why C. How D. Who 【解析】選D。考查主語(yǔ)從句。句意: 誰(shuí)來(lái)做這項(xiàng)工作由黨委會(huì)決定。空格后是謂語(yǔ)is going to, 因此空格處是從句的主語(yǔ), A不作成分; B和C不作主語(yǔ); 所以選D。 17. 【解析】選A?？疾橹髡Z(yǔ)從句。句意: 那個(gè)男孩不吃藥使得他媽媽很生氣。it作形式主語(yǔ), that從句是真正的主語(yǔ)。其他選項(xiàng)沒(méi)有作形式主語(yǔ)的用法。 【拓展延伸】it代替主語(yǔ)從句作形式主語(yǔ)的用法 ◇It + be +形容詞+ that從句 可用于此句型的形容詞有: wonderful, true, good, right, wrong, (un)important, useless, surprising, clear, unusual, lucky, certain, necessary等。 It is important that we(should)study hard. 注意: 該句型中的形容詞是(un)important, necessary等時(shí), 從句應(yīng)為(should+)動(dòng)詞原形。 ◇It + be + -ed分詞+ that從句 適用該句型的過(guò)去分詞主要有: said, reported, announced, hoped, thought, told, believed, expected, decided, suggested, known等。 It is hoped that one day they will have enough animals to set them free. 注意: 該句型的過(guò)去分詞是suggested時(shí), 從句應(yīng)為(should+)動(dòng)詞原形。 ◇It + be +名詞(詞組)+ that從句 適用該句型的名詞(詞組)有: a pity, an honor, a good thing, a fact, a surprise, good news, one’s duty等。 It is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language. ◇It +seems/appears/happens的適當(dāng)形式+that從句。 該句型常可以轉(zhuǎn)換成含不定式的簡(jiǎn)單句。 It seems that there is a big waste pipe ing down from the town. →There seems to be a big waste pipe ing down from the town. ◇It doesn’t matter(It’s no wonder; It doesn’t make much difference等)+ when/where/which/whether等從句。 They are all classmates. It is no wonder they should help each other with their studies. 18.【解析】選B?？疾橹髡Z(yǔ)從句。句意: 盡管大約有兩千名病人已經(jīng)服用了這種藥物, 但是它會(huì)產(chǎn)生什么樣的副作用現(xiàn)在還不能確定。根據(jù)句意可知應(yīng)該選擇B項(xiàng)引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句。what在這里實(shí)際上是作為形容詞來(lái)修飾后面的“side effect副作用”。一起作從句中bring about的賓語(yǔ)。 19. 【解析】選D?？疾閟o. . . that句型和賓語(yǔ)從句。句意: 吃對(duì)于中國(guó)人來(lái)說(shuō)如此重要以至于我們有“飲食文化”這一說(shuō)法。但最近的報(bào)道卻使公眾擔(dān)憂我們餐桌上的東西。第一空是so. . . that. . . 句型; 第二空是賓語(yǔ)從句中的主語(yǔ), 表示“……的東西”, 因此用what。 20.【解析】選B。考查賓語(yǔ)從句。句意: 你想象不出當(dāng)他們收到那些精美的圣誕禮物時(shí)是多么激動(dòng)。how引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句表示感嘆, 后跟所修飾的形容詞或副詞, 然后才是句子的主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)。C項(xiàng)是疑問(wèn)語(yǔ)序, 所以不正確。 21. 【解析】選C?？疾槊~性從句。句意: 根據(jù)網(wǎng)上的調(diào)查可知, 人們期望的是房?jī)r(jià)不再上漲。去掉插入語(yǔ)according to the online survey, 可知前面是主語(yǔ)從句, it和as不引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句, 所以排除A、B兩項(xiàng)。第二個(gè)空后是表語(yǔ)從句, 表語(yǔ)從句句意完整, 不少成分, 所以用that引導(dǎo), 故C為正確選項(xiàng)。 22. 【解析】選D?？疾橘e語(yǔ)從句。句意: 他們討論了沒(méi)有其他人的幫助, 他們是否能解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題。discuss后的賓語(yǔ)從句不用if引導(dǎo), 只用whether。what在句中作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)。 【拓展延伸】whether與if (1)whether可與or not連用, 而if不可以。 I don’t know whether or not he will e. 我不知道他是否會(huì)來(lái)。 (2)引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句, 在句首時(shí)用whether, 而不用if。 Whether you take part in or not the result will be the same. 你參不參加結(jié)果都是一樣的。 Whether he will e is still a question. 他是否會(huì)來(lái)還是一個(gè)疑問(wèn)。 (3)在介詞后用whether, 而不用if。 It depends on whether he can solve the problem. 那取決于他能否解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題。 (4)whether可以與動(dòng)詞不定式連用。 He can’t decide whether to visit her or not. 他尚未決定是否去看她。 (5)在discuss等動(dòng)詞后, 只能用whether。 (6)表示“如果”時(shí)用if, 而不用whether。 If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, I will go to Chongqing. 如果明天不下雨, 我就去重慶。 23. 【解析】選C?？疾橘e語(yǔ)從句。句意: 我們應(yīng)該準(zhǔn)備好處理我們生活和工作中出現(xiàn)的任何問(wèn)題。根據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)可知, 空格后是一個(gè)從句, 因此不用any。however不修飾名詞; whichever無(wú)論哪一個(gè), whatever無(wú)論什么。 24.【解析】選A?？疾閺?qiáng)調(diào)句型和賓語(yǔ)從句。句意: 直到天黑他才發(fā)現(xiàn)他所想的是解決問(wèn)題的正確方法。第一個(gè)空是not until用于強(qiáng)調(diào)句, 構(gòu)成it is not until. . . that“直到……才”, 第二個(gè)空后的he thought是插入語(yǔ), 將he thought刪掉后可知賓語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)缺失, 只能用what來(lái)充當(dāng)主語(yǔ), that在名詞性從句中不充當(dāng)成分。 25. 【解析】選D?？疾橘e語(yǔ)從句。句意: 如果你凌晨三點(diǎn)醒來(lái), 不要數(shù)羊以求入睡。相反, 專(zhuān)注于你能感知和觸摸到的事物。what引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句, 在從句中充當(dāng)feel和touch的賓語(yǔ)。 Ⅱ. 答案: 1. academic　2. fairly/equally　3. mainly/chiefly　4. tough　 5. except/but　6. successful　7. faced 8. Conclusion　9. agree/correspond/consist　10. care 【語(yǔ)篇隨練】 1. Their careers were equal to or more successful than their male peers’. 2. Because the lifestyle is not consistent with motherhood. /Because universities are not concerned about their needs as mothers at all.