2019-2020年九年級(jí)英語上冊(cè) Module 12 Summer in LA主謂一致“三原則” 外研版英語句子中的謂語動(dòng)詞要和主語在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致，而在實(shí)際運(yùn)用中又有一些具體情況，概括起來，主謂一致要遵循以下三個(gè)原則： 一、語法一致原則1. 如果主語是單數(shù)形式，謂語動(dòng)詞也要用單數(shù)形式。如：The number of students in our school is rising. 我們學(xué)校的學(xué)生人數(shù)在上升。 2. each, either, neither, nobody, nothing, anything, anybody, everybody, everything等不定代詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。如：Each of them has been to Beijing. 他們每個(gè)人都去過北京。Neither of them likes the film. 他們兩個(gè)誰也不喜歡那部電影。3. 主語的數(shù)不受后面修飾它的短語的影響。如：Tom together with his parents has visited the Great Wall. 湯姆和他父母一起游覽過長城。二、意義一致原則1. 有的主語看似復(fù)數(shù)形式但表示的是單數(shù)意義，謂語動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)形式。如：The news is exciting. 這是個(gè)令人振奮的消息。The United States is in North America. 美國位于北美洲。Two years is really a very long time. 兩年的確是個(gè)很長的時(shí)間。2. what, who, which, all, any, none, more, most 等代詞用作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式還是復(fù)數(shù)形式要根據(jù)具體情況來確定。如：What you said is very important. 你所說的話很重要。Which are their chairs? 哪些是他們的椅子？3. 表示抽象概念的動(dòng)詞不定式和v.-ing形式作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。如：To see is to believe. 眼見為實(shí)。Eating too much is bad for your health. 吃得太多有害健康。4. 一些集體名詞(如family, team, group, class, audience, pany等) 作主語時(shí)，如被看作一個(gè)整體，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式；如果強(qiáng)調(diào)集體中的成員，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：Her family is a large one. 她的家庭是個(gè)大家庭。Her family are interested in football. 她家人都對(duì)足球感興趣。5. 由“分?jǐn)?shù) / 百分?jǐn)?shù) of 名詞”構(gòu)成的短語作主語時(shí)，如果of后面的名詞是可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；如果of后面的名詞為不可數(shù)名詞或可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)形式，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。如：Two thirds of the building is large enough for us. 這幢樓房的三分之二對(duì)我們來說就足夠大了。Sixty-five percent of the books have been written in English. 百分之六十五的書籍是用英語寫的。三、就近一致原則1. 當(dāng)兩個(gè)主語用or, either . or ., neither . nor ., not only . but also .等連詞連接時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)與最鄰近的主語在數(shù)上保持一致。如：Either Mary or her brothers are going to help me.瑪麗或者是她的兄弟們會(huì)來幫助我。2. 由here / there引起的句子中，謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式通常和作主語的第一個(gè)名詞或代詞在數(shù)上保持一致。如：Here is an apple and two pears for you. 這是給你的一個(gè)蘋果和兩個(gè)梨。There are two books, three rulers and a pen on the desk. 桌子上有兩本書、三把尺子和一支鋼筆。跟蹤練習(xí)請(qǐng)選擇能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。( )1. An old man with his two children _ down the road now.A. esB. is ingC. are ing ( )2. Be careful!The rest of the water _ hot.A. are B. is C. look like ( )3. Toms parents _ from England.A. is B. am C. are( )4. Not only the children but also their father _ living in the town.A. is B. were C. are ( )5. One pair of trousers _ not enough.A. is B. are C. has Key: 15 BBCAA