2019-2020年中考英語復習講義 第19章 特殊句式 倒裝句和There be句型是英語中常見的句式。對于倒裝句，主主要考察在特定的結構中正確使用部分倒裝和完全倒裝，以及“so+助動詞/情態(tài)動/系動詞+主語”的用法.對于There be句型的考查則主要注重時態(tài)的變化和主謂一致。在學習過程中，耍牢記引起倒裝的條件及兩類倒裝形式的差異，掌握There be句型的基本用法和“就近一致原則.。內容導視第一節(jié)倒裝句知識點1部分倒裝知識點2完全倒裝第二節(jié)There be 句型知識點2There be 句型的基本結構知識點2There be句型的基本用法知識詳單第一節(jié)倒裝句例裝作為一種語法現(xiàn)象，主要包括完全例裝(有的書稱之為全部倒裝)和部分倒裝(有的書稱之為半倒裝或不完全例裝)兩種。完全倒裝就是把謂語動詞完全放在主語之前，而部分倒裝就是把助動詞、系動詞或情態(tài)動詞提到主語之前。知識點1部分倒裝倒裝條件例句一般疑問句中，將助動詞放到主語之前，構成部分倒裝Do you like eating apples?你喜歡吃蘋果嗎?特殊疑問句中，疑問詞作賓語、表語或狀語，需要將其置于句首，將助動詞置于主語前構成部分倒裝Where have you been these days?這些天你到哪里去了?"only+狀語/狀語從句”位于句首時，句子要用部分倒裝Only in this way can you improve your grade.只有用這種方法你才能提高自己的成績。表示否定意義的詞或短語，如little, hardly,never，in no case. seldom等，放在句首時，句子要用部分倒裝Hardly a day goes by without a visit from someone.幾乎沒有哪一天沒有來訪者。虛擬條件句中，從句謂語部分中有were, had或should,可省略if，把were，had或should提到主語前Should we succeed ，we would be rich.我們一旦成功就發(fā)財了。" so. that”句型中，"so+adj. /adv.”位于句首時So fast did he run that we couldnt catch up with him.他跑得如此快，以至于我們趕不上他。表示“也(不) ”的句式，即“so/neither/nor+助動詞/情態(tài)動詞/be+主語”形式.I dont like it; neither do I care it.我不喜歡它，也不在意它。某些含有否定憊義的詞位于句首時，如not onlybut also，hardlywhen，nosoonerthan，notuntil等，主句用部分倒裝Not until the teacher came in did the students stop talking.直到老師進來學生們才停止講話。may表示祝愿時用部分倒裝May you have a good time!祝你玩得愉快!【易錯警示】1.特殊疑問句中，如果疑問詞作主語或修飾主語時，則不用倒裝。例如: Who knows the answer to this question?誰知道這個問題的答案?2. “so+主語+謂語”結構不用倒裝。例如:-Jimmy is good at playing football.吉米足球踢得很好。-So he is.的確。知識點2完全倒裝倒裝條件例句表示方向、地點、時間、次序的詞，如in, out,up, there, then, here, first等放在句首，若主語是名詞而不是代詞時，句子用完全倒裝Here es the bus.公交車來了。Here he es.他來了。分詞短語置于句首時，句子用完全倒裝Lying on the couch is an old lady.躺在睡椅上的是一位老太太。There be句型是全倒裝的一種There are a number of teachers and students in the school.在這所學校有很多老師和學生。作表語的such位于句首時Such are the most powerful voices of our times!這些就是我們時代的最強音!【巧學助記】全部倒裝并不難，需要記住這幾點; 位置副詞there句，表語such提句前，介詞短語表地點，全部側裝謂在前。第二節(jié)There be 句型There be句型是使用非常廣泛的一個句型，常用來表示某處有某物或某人，有時可用于表示強調。知識點1 There be 句型的基本結構基本結構肯定句:There be+主語+地點/時間狀語There is a boy beside the tree.樹旁邊有個男孩。否定句:There be + not+主語十地點/時間狀語There isnt any meat in the fridge冰箱里沒有肉了。一般疑問句:Is/Are + there+主語+其他?-Are there any apples in the basket?籃子里有蘋果嗎?-Yes，there are.是的，有。/No, there arent不，沒有。特殊疑問句:特殊疑問詞+be + there+其他?-How many students are there in your class?你們班有多少人?一There are fifty.有50人?！局R拓展】There be句型的主謂一致問題: 在There be句型中，be動詞的單復數形式采取“就近一致原則”，即與臨近be的名詞保持一致。例如:There is a pen and two books on the desk.桌子上有一支鋼筆和兩本書。There are two books and a pen on the desk.【易錯警示】There he句型與have的區(qū)別:二者均可表示“有”，前者側重于客觀方面，表示“某處有(存在)某人(物)”，不強調歸誰所有，而后者表示“有”時，側重表示“某人擁有某物”，強調的是所有關系; 在表示“某物本身擁有”時，二者也可通用。例如:There is an English storybook on the desk.桌子上有一本英文故事書。I have many English storybooks.我有許多本英文故事書。There are fifteen classes in our school.= Our school has fifteen classes.我們學校有15個班。知識點2 There be句型的基本用法基本時態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時There is/areThere are many desks and chairs in the classroom.教室里有許多課桌和椅子。一般過去時There was/wereThere were thousands of people there.那里有成千上萬的人。一般將來時There is going to be/There will beThere is going to be a bridge over the river next year.明年那條河上將有一座大橋。現(xiàn)在完成時There has/have beenThere has been a decrease in traffic accidents.交通事故減少了。【知識拓展】1.根據表達的需要，在there與be之間用上適當的情態(tài)動詞，構成“There will/may/must/can + be”結構。例如:There must be something wrong with this machine.這機器一定是出問題了。2.除be動詞外，其他一些動詞也可與there連用。如exist, remain, live, lie, stand, e, enter, arise, occur, follow等。例如:There stands a high building by the river.河邊聳立著一座高大的建筑物。3. There be結構的反意疑問句，其附加問句的主語用there，而不用其他詞代替。例如:There is a beautiful flower on the floor, isnt there?地板上有朵漂亮的花，不是嗎?考點突破 考點1考察倒裝句的用法1.(龍東中考)一I have read the book Sence and Sensibility.A. So have I B. Neither have I C. So I haveI解析】選A,答語表示“我也讀過這本書”，用“so+助動詞+主語”結構，即So have I.2.(云南中考)-Kunming is really a fortable city to live in.-_The weather is pleasant.A. So it is B. So is it C. So it does D. So does it【解析】選A。答語表示“昆明的確如此”，要用“so+主語+謂語”結構.即so it is。3.(宜賓中考)-Im not going swimming this afternoon.一_I have to help my mother do some cleaning.A. So am I B. So I am C. Neither am I D. Neither I【解析】選C。由答語后半句可知，此處表示”我也不去”,故要用“neither + be+主語”結構，故選C.考點2考察There be句型的用法4.(安順中考)-Why are you in such a hurry, Mike? -There_ an NBA basketball game in ten minutes. A. will have B. will be C. is going to have D. are going to be 【解析】選B, There will be結構表示“將有”， D項系動詞應該為is；沒有There will have和There is going to have結構。故選B,5.(樂山中考)-Im hungry._ there any bread in the fridge, Mum? -None, but we have cakes. Would you like to have one? A. Is B. Are C. Will 【解析】選A, bread為不可數名詞，用Is。故選A。6.(云南中考)If there_ no buying and selling of animals, there will be no killing in nature. A. is B. will be C. has D. will have 【解析】選A。條件狀語從句中，主句用一般將來時，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時，條件從句中缺少系動詞，故選A,7.(重慶中考)There_ lots of sheep and pigs on my uncles farm now. A. was B. were C. is D. are 【解析】選D, sheep單復同形.有l(wèi)ots of修飾.系動詞用復數形式，句中有now，用一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)。8.(濟寧中考)Across from my home,_ a shop which sells things from foreign countries. A. it is B. it has C. there is D. that is I解析】選C, there is 為There be句型，意為“有”.其余三項沒有此含義。故選C.