完形填空專(zhuān)講專(zhuān)練完形填空解題方法指導(dǎo)教學(xué)目標(biāo)1. 了解完形填空的語(yǔ)篇特點(diǎn)。2. 掌握并熟練運(yùn)用完形填空的解題方法和技巧。3. 掌握完形填空高頻詞匯。名師點(diǎn)撥北京中考完形填空命題規(guī)律總結(jié)北京中考完形填空的文章以380-440詞左右的記敘文為主。文章的話(huà)題大多貼近中學(xué)生的生活并且大部分文章會(huì)講述一個(gè)小故事，故事的主人公遇到或是做了一件事情，故事的進(jìn)程中主人公有一系列的情感變化，但故事在結(jié)束時(shí)會(huì)傳遞出一種正能量。如北京中考完形填空，講述了主人公Molly給媽媽準(zhǔn)備圣誕驚喜的故事，通過(guò)載體“gloves”傳遞出“子女要學(xué)會(huì)向自己的父母表達(dá)愛(ài)(love)”的這種理念。因此建議讀者在做題時(shí)需要將自己帶入故事的情景中，以主人公的視角體會(huì)故事情節(jié)變化中情感的變化，把握文章想要傳達(dá)的含義，進(jìn)而選擇貼近文章主旨的選項(xiàng)。完形填空題的第一句通常不設(shè)空，給讀者提供一定的語(yǔ)言背景。中考完形填空題主要考查學(xué)生以下三個(gè)方面的知識(shí)和技能：一、對(duì)文章的整體理解，上下文段落的銜接，邏輯思維與判斷能力。二、對(duì)詞匯和慣用法等語(yǔ)言基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)的考查，多以實(shí)詞為主，虛詞為輔。根據(jù)對(duì)近幾年中考完形填空題的分析，各種詞類(lèi)的考查比例由多到少，順序如下：動(dòng)詞、名詞、形容詞、副詞、連詞和代詞等。三、對(duì)生活中常見(jiàn)的事實(shí)進(jìn)行推理和判斷的能力。完形填空解題方法指導(dǎo)解答完形填空的總原則是“先完意，后完形”，即先理解文章的主旨大意和作者要傳遞的理念，再進(jìn)行選擇填空。一、完形填空解題步驟第一步通讀全文，把握脈絡(luò)跳過(guò)空格，速讀全文，把握大意。注意文中的語(yǔ)篇關(guān)鍵詞，和句中的連詞，如but出現(xiàn)后就說(shuō)明句子強(qiáng)調(diào)的重點(diǎn)是but后面的內(nèi)容；再如代詞it指代的定是前文的單數(shù)或者不可數(shù)名詞。找到關(guān)鍵詞可以幫助我們掌握文章的大概意思及其想要傳達(dá)的寓意。如北京中考完形填空的關(guān)鍵詞是：Molly; mum; Christmas; surprise; gloves。第二步瞻前顧后，上下求索聯(lián)系上下文，運(yùn)用解題策略從句子、段落、語(yǔ)篇層面解題，抓住文章中的上下文線(xiàn)索詞。如北京中考完形填空的最主要的線(xiàn)索詞就是gloves。第三步再讀文章，核查答案代入答案，再讀全文，反復(fù)檢查，爭(zhēng)取做到：結(jié)構(gòu)正確+語(yǔ)義通順+邏輯合理。二、完形填空解題策略方法方法一：詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)法解釋“詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)”是指某一詞匯以原詞、詞形變化(如protect和protection)、同義詞/近義詞(如road和trail)、反義詞(如wrong和 correct)、上下義詞(上義詞是總稱(chēng)詞，下義詞是被包含的個(gè)體或種類(lèi)。如adult是my father的上義詞；coat是clothes的下義詞) 等重復(fù)出現(xiàn)在語(yǔ)篇之中。例題He is very kind and friendly to others. Because of his _, he is quite popular with the people around him. A. ability B. honesty C. relationship D. kindness【分析：通過(guò)上文“He is very kind and friendly to others”，由“kind”可知因?yàn)樗摹吧屏加押谩彼苁軞g迎。故選D?！颗５缎≡?She opened “Mums Wish Book” and hoped that she could find these 32 in it. Tears ran down her face when she saw the gloves in the catalog【北京中考】32. A. flowersB. sunglassesC. glovesD. chocolates2“Yes, Its a Christmas gift for Mum, but please dont tell her. Its our 35 , OK?” As Molly walked back home, she decided to tell Dad her secret【北京中考】35. A. secretB. choiceC. dream D. task3 To be chosen, we had to turn in an example of our _32_. I wrote an article about the joys of summer, and showed it to my father,【東城一模】32.A. report B. writing C. homework D. newspaper4 they were always very generous（慷慨的）when it came to giving us 31 .In fact, they didnt just give presents to us children. 【東城二?！?1. A. wishes B. lessons C. presents D. greetings5when I had my class write something about themselves, he just sat there. So I took him outside to see what was wrong. “You can 31 about something else; anything you want, ”I offered【西城一?！?1. A. talkB. readC. writeD. hear6 The fourth day started with me finding a _ (39) on the sidewalk, Id always thought of finding money as a good sign. 【西城二模】39. A. card B. coin C. phone D. book 7 Every university that he applied to (申請(qǐng)) accepted him. When the autumn came, Justin had his _40_ in colleges. He decided to go to the sunniest university in Hawaii, and nobody could say that Justin made a bad choice. 【海淀一模】40. A. fact B. choice C. record D. event8Tina had two exams that day. Physics was first and she hated physics, it was her worst 31 . Her friend Lily had promised to help her study for the physics exam. 【海淀二?！?1. A. month B. subject C. market D. name9 Tears (眼淚) ran down his face as he held the book close to him and went back to his seat. I stayed with the class for the rest of the day. Ronny never let go of the 36 , not once. It never left his hands. 【朝陽(yáng)一?！?6. A. handB. classC. bookD. chair10“Anything could have gone wrong at that point, so I stayed there through the night to make sure everything was done 33 , ” Michael said. 【朝陽(yáng)二模】33. A. fast B. right C. warmly D. slowly參考答案：CABCC BBBCB方法方法二：上下文推理法解釋“上下文推理法”是指根據(jù)對(duì)上下文的語(yǔ)義和整個(gè)語(yǔ)篇的理解，進(jìn)行適當(dāng)?shù)耐评砼袛?，因此需重點(diǎn)注意挖空處的上下文語(yǔ)境，判斷清楚所要表達(dá)的含義。例題例：When we talked, I discovered（發(fā)現(xiàn)）some differences in school life between the US and China. For example, each class lasts fifty minutes in the US. It is a little _17_ than that in China. We usually have forty minutes in each class.17. A. shorter B. longer C. earlier D. later【分析：通過(guò)上文“each class lasts fifty minutes in the US”和下文“We usually have forty minutes in each class.”可知美國(guó)每節(jié)課是50分鐘，中國(guó)每節(jié)課是40分鐘，根據(jù)上下文可以推斷出美國(guó)的課時(shí)比中國(guó)的長(zhǎng)，故選B。】牛刀小試1 ing home from school every day, Molly peeked at (偷看) Dad when Mum wasnt 37 , but every time he shook his head. 【北京中考】37. A. workingB. lookingC. smilingD. talking2 I didnt write a lot but working on the paper sounded like fun. I _31_the idea of being a reporter, interviewing my friends【東城一?！?1. A. gave B. shared C. liked D. weled3 No surprisehis version(版本)was _34_ . He had a gift for language. 【東城一?！?4.A. different B. mon C. popular D. wonderful4 when we got to the end of the present giving, I was very 33 . My last present was not the bike I had hoped for. 【東城二模】33. A. upset B. afraid C. nervous D. serious5 Vincent was difficult and 32 . He acted out. He threw things. He refused to work, to be quiet, to sit down. 【西城一?！?2. A. angryB. lazyC. carelessD. disappointed6 Suddenly, a big boy _33_ Justin. Justin went flying, fell on the ground and broke his leg. 【海淀一?！?3. A. saw B. met C. pushed D. followed7“ Let me see your progress report.” Justin was _37_. His grades had really fallen since he broke his leg. 【海淀一?！?7. A. moved B. embarrassed C. interested D. pleased 8my family is having a 38 time. My dad had a heart attack and hes in hospital. 【海淀二?！?8. A. terrible B. simple C. boring D. fortable9I held an awards ceremony(頒獎(jiǎng)典禮). I _35_ Ronny with a book one of those Little Golden Books that only cost $5. 【朝陽(yáng)一?！?5. A. coveredB. shared C. presented D. pared10As he tried to open the door, he realized it was 37 . He was trapped(陷入困境)in his car【朝陽(yáng)二模】37. A. open B. shut C. safe D. cold參考答案：BCDAA CBACB方法方法三：邏輯推理法解釋“邏輯推理法”是根據(jù)文章的邏輯關(guān)系（如因果、并列、讓步、轉(zhuǎn)折、時(shí)間順序、目的、條件、選擇等）進(jìn)行適當(dāng)?shù)耐评砼袛啵虼诵杼貏e注意挖空處表示邏輯關(guān)系的連詞（如and表并列，but和however表轉(zhuǎn)折，because、for、 so等表因果，first of all、then和finally等表順序等）。例題例1：My youngest cousin likes Chinese Beijing Opera very much, but he cant sing 6 . 6. A. badlyB. easilyC. wellD. excitedly【分析：通過(guò)上文“My youngest cousin likes Chinese Beijing Opera”和連詞 “but”，可以推斷出前后存在轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，此處想要表達(dá)的含義是“喜歡但唱得不好”，故選C?！颗５缎≡?Mum wouldnt buy them for herself, because the family had a 33 time on the farm. 【北京中考】33. A. hardB. lonelyC. shortD. busy2On Christmas Eve, Dad came back from mailbox, still empty handed. Molly felt 38 when she went to bed, because she didnt have the gloves for Mum. 【北京中考】38. A. sadB. strangeC. angryD. tired3And as a result, he rewrote the whole piecewithout me, for I never said anything to _33_ him 【東城一?！?3.A. help B. stop C. allow D. praise4For years after that, at the end of all the present giving, my father would ask me what I had to say to everyone. It had bee a family joke. I would always say, “Is that all?” But what I really 40 was “Thanks so much.”And everyone knew that. 【東城二?！?0. A. heard B. meant C. answered D. expected5If I knew she had found a better home, I would be _ (33) yet relieved (放心的). 【西城二?！?3. A. mad B. worried C. sad D. moved 6Just then, Mr. Reed started to collect the exam papers. Oh no, Tina hadnt 33 it and she was going to fail again! 【海淀二模】33. A. finished B. forgotten C. collected D. built7He thought I was cheating. But he 40 and understands me now. 【海淀二?！?0. A. refuses B. believes C. criticizes D. praises8He had a speech problem so he couldnt _31_ like other kids in his grade. 【朝陽(yáng)一?！?1. A. readB. copy C. writeD. listen參考答案：AABBC ABA方法方法四：文化背景常識(shí)法解釋“文化背景常識(shí)法”是指完形填空的文章內(nèi)容往往與我們的文化生活、史地知識(shí)、生活科技等相關(guān)，有些內(nèi)容是我們已經(jīng)掌握的生活常識(shí)，答題時(shí)要充分調(diào)動(dòng)相關(guān)知識(shí)幫助我們分析、推斷。事實(shí)上，該技巧與“邏輯推斷”常常交織在一起的，因?yàn)殡m有背景常識(shí)，仍需簡(jiǎn)單推理。需注意中外文化的差異性，不能總是用中國(guó)人看問(wèn)題的角度來(lái)看待其它國(guó)家發(fā)生的事情。例題例：There are many kinds of animals in the world. Elephants are the 1 animals that live on land. Only some kinds of whales (鯨魚(yú)) are bigger than elephants, but they live in the 2 . 1. A. biggest B. smallest C. smaller D. bigger2. A. river B. lake C. sea D. forest【分析：第1題，眾所周知：大象是陸地上最大的動(dòng)物，故選A. biggest。第2題，眾所周知：鯨魚(yú)生活在大海里，故選C. sea?！颗５缎≡?As Molly walked back home, she decided to tell Dad her secret. “Youve got to check the mailbox every day,” said Molly 36 to Dad. He nodded, with a big smile【北京中考】36. A. patientlyB. doubtfullyC. proudlyD. quietly2Without thinking, Tina looked up and nodded to Mr. Reed. Lily was looking at her phone and didnt hear Mr. Reed as he walked 37 up to her table. 【海淀二?！?7. A. lazily B. weakly C. silently D. patiently3After medical school, Michael moved to Southern California. He became a 3l at Mission munity Hospital. 【朝陽(yáng)二模】31.A. teacher B. driver C. doctor D. worker參考答案：DCC方法方法五：固定搭配法解釋完形填空以語(yǔ)境考查為主，但也有小部分題目考查語(yǔ)法知識(shí)、固定搭配和固定句型，解題過(guò)程中我們需要結(jié)合所學(xué)固定搭配選出正確答案。例題例1：When two people are in a conversation, the speaker will only look at the listener from time to time, in order to make sure that the listener does pay attention 13 what he or she is speaking 13. A. for B. of C. with D. to【分析：考查固定短語(yǔ)“pay attention to注意”，故選D?！坷?：but we were relaxed when we were lying on the beach. We 10 some photos there. 10. A. got B. brought C. bought D. took【分析：考查固定短語(yǔ)“take photos拍照”，故選D。】牛刀小試1Before Christmas dinner, as Mum took the apple pies out of the oven, Molly began 39 the table. 【北京中考】39. A. pushing B. changingC. settingD. booking2It was something I _ (38) because I believed Gracie was half dog, half wolf 【西城二?！?8. A. looked up B. built up C. set up D. made up 3When Chris finished primary school, the two lost 35 . What Michael could never have expected was how Chris would reenter his life 30 years later. 【朝陽(yáng)二?！?5. A. hope B. touch C. trust D. message參考答案：CDB完形填空高頻詞匯【詞性及詞義部分可以讓學(xué)生自己默寫(xiě)；例句除加黃色底紋部分以外，其余都來(lái)自真題和模擬題】【?？紕?dòng)詞】單詞詞性及詞義示例surprisev. 使驚奇What surprised me most was that they got married soon.dropv.1)落下 2)放下 3)降低 4)中途卸客Molly ran back home and dropped her schoolbag on the sofa.orderv.1)命令 2)訂購(gòu),點(diǎn)菜The officer ordered them to fire.walkv.1)走2)護(hù)送走 3)遛1)Molly had walked a dog for a neighbor and saved her money all year to buy Mum the gloves.2) When Michael realized that the little baby he once saved had just saved him, all he could do was to hold back tears.savev.1)救助 2)攢錢(qián)tearv. 撕掉the order form torn from the catalog(商品目錄)passv.1)路過(guò)2)遞3)及格 4)時(shí)間流逝1) “Umm, a pair of gloves?” said Mr. Smith, as he passed a stamp to her.2) Justin passed through all his classes.realizev. 1)意識(shí)到 2)實(shí)現(xiàn)1) Molly didnt realize how white Mr. Smiths beard was until that moment. 2)I was so upset that I didnt realize how unthankful I sounded.3) I started to realize what a stupid thing I had said.4) Justin realized that he didnt want to feel bad for himself5) As he tried to open the door, he realized it was shut.remindv.提醒；使想起1) In face, he reminded her of Santa Claus.2)Rheas words remind me what, as a writer, I surely have faith in: the power of story.handv. 交；遞She handed me the letter.designv. 設(shè)計(jì)design a carcheckv. 檢查check ones worksetv. 1)放置 2) 擺放餐具as Mum took the apple pies out of the oven, Molly began setting the table.bookv. 預(yù)定book a flight to Beijingchangev. 改變interviewv. 1) 面試 2)采訪(fǎng)I like the idea of being a reporter, interviewing my friends, and covering middle school events.coverv.1) 覆蓋 2)設(shè)計(jì)3)報(bào)道rewritev. 重寫(xiě)expectv. 1)預(yù)料 2)期望I expect you to write a personal opinion article every weekChris entered the world earlier than expected.What Michael could never have expected was how Chris would reenter his life 30 years later.expressv. 表達(dá)my teacher clearly expressed his disappointmentplainv. 抱怨；埋怨1) I plained that my father rewrote my first article himself, instead of simply trying to help me to improve it.2) After my parents worked so hard, how could I plain that I did not receive a bikeI worked with all the students in Ronnys class one by one to improve their reading skills.improvev.提高；改善allowv. 允許because I allowed him to do it.reachv. 1)抵達(dá) 2)達(dá)到 3)伸手 4)夠得著.my writing never reached the level of the first article.raisev. 1) 舉起 2)提高 3)籌集 4)提出 5)撫養(yǎng)raise hand; raise the price; raise money; raise questionsholdv. 1)抓住 2)抱住 3)舉行 4) 堅(jiān)持住1) Every year they held a Christmas Eve party.2)they hold the world responsible for the consequence.3) Its what holds our life together.4) she saw Lily holding her phone under the table.5) I held an awards ceremony(頒獎(jiǎng)典禮).6) all he could do was to hold back tears.leavev. 1)離開(kāi) 2)留下 3)丟下 I made it clear by leaving hints to my parents in every way I knew.When Tina was leaving school, Lily stopped her.It never left his hands.receivev. 收到；招待I had received so many other thingsacceptv. 接受；錄取Vincent got accepted into ten different universities.Every university that he applied to accepted him.failv. 1)失敗，未能做到 2)衰退 3)使失望Her eyesight is failing.When he lost his job, he felt he failed his family.He worked with a house painter after failing through high school.Oh no, Tina hadnt finish it and she was going to fail again!meanv.意思是But what I really meant was “Thanks so much.”That didnt mean we didnt try. havev.1)有 2)使做I had my class write something about themselves.offerv.主動(dòng)提出 “You can write about something else”I offered.wonderv.想知道I wondered what he was up to.attendv.1)參加 2)上課Vincent attended classes and got straight As for two years.landv. 1)著陸 2)成功得到Vincent landed a great job at a big tech pany.workv. 1)工作 2)奏效;起作用 For him, sitting still, listening and reading, didnt work. attractv. 吸引Justin was attracted by the stories that Kiki told.encouragev.鼓勵(lì)succeedv.1)成功 2)接替disappearv.消失；不見(jiàn)my dog Gracie disappeared six years ago.His once bright future disappeared.believev.相信；認(rèn)為I really learned what I believe.Such stories only bee real when we believe them.But he believes and understands me now.searchv.搜查We searched the neighborhood for hoursimaginev.想象but imagine hearing for the first timeBut he could never have imagined where it would e from.waitv.等待supportv. 1)支持2)養(yǎng)活3)支撐He has a big family to support.some stories are never supported with scientific factssuggestv.1)建議 2)表明;暗示I suggest that we go out to eat.All the evidence suggests that he stole the money.beatv. 1)打敗 2)敲打 3)心跳He could run with the ball fast and beat any of the older boys at the courtagreev. 1)同意 2)約定Justin agreed.liev.1)躺 2)位于 3)說(shuō)謊Justin just lay in bed watching TV every daybreakv. 1)摔壞 2)弄壞 3)暫停 4)違犯n. 休息；休假Justin went flying, fell on the ground and broke his leg.while she was home on break, they studied, talked and worked together.applyv.申請(qǐng)；應(yīng)用Every university that he applied to accepted him.standv.1)站立 2)位于 3)忍受I cant stand his brother.Ronny stood apart from his classmates in other ways.recordv.1)記錄 2)錄音promisev. 承諾Lily had promised to help her study for the physics exam.cheatv.1)欺騙 2)作弊Lily would get a good grade by cheating.collectv.1)收集；收藏 2)取走M(jìn)r. Reed started to collect the exam papers.pointv.指向；指引Mr. Reed picked up Lilys exam paper, pointed to the door andstopv.1)(使)停止;結(jié)束2)阻止When Tina was leaving school, Lily stopped her.understandv.理解But he believes and understands me now.forgivev.原諒Will you forgive me?praisev.贊揚(yáng)；贊美volunteerv.自愿做I volunteered as the Reading Mom in the first-grade classroom.strugglev./n.努力;戰(zhàn)斗;掙扎he struggled(努力) to read out.returnv. 1)回來(lái) 2)歸還3)恢復(fù)I returned to the school to visitplacev.放置I walked towards Ronny, and placed my hand on his shoulderrefusev.拒絕managev.設(shè)法做成;能解決;管理he managed to read a word with a strange pronunciation manage a weak smile(強(qiáng)顏歡笑)sharev.共用;分享;分擔(dān)share informationpresentv.頒發(fā);贈(zèng)送;展現(xiàn)I presented Ronny with a book You need to present yourself better.noticev.注意到risev.上升；升起；提高His temperature rose quicklychoosev.選擇Chris parents chose Michael to be their sons doctor for his childhood.reenterv.再次進(jìn)入losev.丟失；失去When Chris finished primary school, the two lost touch. He lost himself in great hopelessness.controlv. 控制suddenly a truck lost controlarrivev.到達(dá)；到來(lái)affectv.影響followv. 1)跟著2)沿著(道路)3)聽(tīng)從 4)理解Why didnt you follow my adviceSorry, I cant follow you.reportv. 報(bào)告；報(bào)道Michael reported to them that their babys fever had gone.pushv.推Suddenly, a big boy pushed Justin.rememberv.記得；記起missv.錯(cuò)過(guò)；想念meetv.遇見(jiàn);迎接;經(jīng)歷;滿(mǎn)足Will you meet me at the airport?We have met similar problems.Its impossible to meet the needs of all the different people.parev.比較；對(duì)比showv.展示；表明【?？夹稳菰~、副詞】單詞詞性及詞義示例excitedlyadv.激動(dòng)地She said excitedly to herself, “mum, this year youll get the gloves you want!” excitedadj.激動(dòng)的；興奮的before I could be excited about the news, he added,excitingadj.令人激動(dòng)的She was like sunshine, bringing exciting stories of college.lonelyadj.孤獨(dú)的；偏僻的a lonely islandhardadj.困難的Mum wouldnt buy them for herself, because the family had a hard time on the farm.patientadj.耐心的patientlyadv.耐心地Wait patiently? Search endlessly?.proudadj.驕傲的；自豪的proudlyadv.驕傲地；自豪地quietadj.安靜的quietlyadv.安靜地“Youve got to check the mailbox every day,” said Molly quietly to Dad.silentlyadv.悄悄地；無(wú)聲地Lily was looking at her phone and didnt hear Mr. Reed as he walked silently up to her table.silentadj.沉默的；安靜的On the days when it was Ronnys turn, Id give him a silent smile, and he d fly out of his chair.sadadj.傷心的Molly felt sad when she went to bed, because she didnt have the gloves for Mum.If I knew she had found a better home, I would be sad yet relieved.The doctor said Justin might never play again. Justin was so sad.strangeadj.奇怪的；陌生的It seems strange, but I felt better then.angryadj.生氣的Vincent was difficult and angry.tiredadj.疲倦的；厭煩的wonderfuladj.精彩的No surprisehis version was wonderful.worriedadj.擔(dān)心的nervousadj.緊張的lazyadj.懶惰的lazilyadv.懶惰地magicadj.有魔力的；神奇的terribleadj.糟糕的；可怕的He remembered feeling terrible for acting out.Im really sorry I didnt answer your calls, but my family is having a terrible time.braveadj.勇敢的monadj.常見(jiàn)的；普通的；共同的busyadj.忙的painfuladj.痛苦的;艱難的a painful experiencesuccessfuladj. 成功的expressadj. 快遞的EMS= Express Mail Serviceconfidentadj.自信的brightAdj. 1) 明亮的 2) 艷麗的(顏色) 3)聰明的 4)有希望的;光明的Looking back, I realized that the pain and shame of that school experience had a bright side.His once bright future disappeared.amazingadj. 令人驚喜(奇)的Christmas was always an amazing time in my homeobviousadj.明顯的My parents looked unhappy, as my disappointment was obvious.upsetadj.難過(guò)的I was so upset that I didnt realize how unthankful I sounded.Justin felt better and he wasnt so upset.unthankfuladj.不知感恩的unfortableadj.不舒服的fortableadj.舒服的；舒適的unimportantadj.不重要的dishonestadj.不誠(chéng)實(shí)的honestadj.誠(chéng)實(shí)的improperadj.不合適的Those words were improper in any situationuselessadj.無(wú)用的;無(wú)意義的Its useless to argue with him.