2019-2020年高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí) 專題整合突破二 代詞和數(shù)詞真題試做1(xx山東高考，21)When you are done with the book, just give it to Lucy or Helen or _.AwhoeverBwhereverCwhatever Dhowever2(xx山東高考，24)The two girls are so alike that strangers find _ difficult to tell one from the other.Ait BthemCher Dthat3(xx山東高考，32)Helping others is a habit，_ you can learn even at an early age.Ait BthatCwhat Done考向分析1對代詞的考查重在代詞的指代作用。高考試題的題干越來越復(fù)雜、語意越來越難理解，隱含信息多，需要結(jié)合特定語言環(huán)境中上下文的聯(lián)系，通過題目所蘊含的邏輯關(guān)系來明確代詞的指代范圍。2不定代詞的用法是考查的重點之一。要注意否定意義的不定代詞和肯定意義的不定代詞的區(qū)別；要明確表示整體意義和個體意義的代詞的不同。3it，that，those，one，ones等幾個替代詞的應(yīng)用是近幾年命題的熱點。要從替代可數(shù)名詞還是不可數(shù)名詞、單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)、特指還是泛指等幾個方面著手考慮，結(jié)合語境作出正確選擇。4it可以表示時間、天氣、距離等，還可用作形式主語或形式賓語。5注意由數(shù)詞構(gòu)成的合成形容詞的構(gòu)成方式及其作用。同時，倍數(shù)在比較句型中的應(yīng)用偶有出現(xiàn)，不可忽視。熱點例析考點一：人稱代詞的用法人稱代詞有人稱、數(shù)和格的不同。主格在句中作主語或表語；賓格在句中作賓語，但在口語中也能作表語。在省略句中單獨使用或在not 后，多用賓格。如：I like English.Me too.Have more wine?Not me.【典例分析】 (xx四川高考，7)On my desk is a photo that my father took of _ when I was a baby.AhimBhisCme Dmine答案為C項。根據(jù)短語take a photo / picture of sb.以及后面從句的主語可知，應(yīng)選C項?？键c二：both，all，either，each，every，neither，none的用法1both，either，neither 用于兩者。both意為“兩者都”；either意為“兩者中的任何一個”；neither意為“兩者中的任何一個都不”。 如：Both the boys are clever.兩個男孩都很聰明。Either of the two boys is clever.兩個男孩都很聰明。Neither of the two boys is clever.兩個男孩都不聰明。2all，none，each，every用于多者。all意為“全部都”，指可數(shù)的東西時為復(fù)數(shù)，指不可數(shù)的東西時為單數(shù)；none意為“全都不，任何一個都不”，指可數(shù)的東西時可為單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)，指不可數(shù)的東西時為單數(shù)；each和every意為“每一個”，為單數(shù)，兩者都能作定語用，但each還可作主語、賓語和同位語。All of the students are there.All (of) the milk is there.Every student in our school works hard.我們學(xué)校的學(xué)生都很用功。Each student may have one book.每個學(xué)生都可有一本書。Each of them has an edictionary./ They each have an edictionary.【典例分析】 (xx課標(biāo)全國高考，31)Larry asks Bill and Peter to go on a picnic with him，but_of them wants to，because they have work to do.AeitherBanyCneither Dnone答案為C項。either和neither用于兩者，any和none用于三者或三者以上，根據(jù)Bill and Peter可知應(yīng)排除B、D兩項；句中but表示轉(zhuǎn)折，所以應(yīng)選否定意義的C項，表示“但是他們(兩人)沒有想去的”。(xx江蘇高考，23)Sophia waited for a reply，but _ came.Aeither BanotherCneither Dnone答案為D項。either和neither用于兩者，范圍錯誤；another意為“另一個”，不合句意；答案為D項，none表示“一個也沒有”。句意：索菲亞等待著答復(fù)，但是沒有等到任何答復(fù)?？键c三：some和any的用法1表示“一些”時，some常用于肯定句；any常用于否定、疑問或條件句中。如：If you have any questions，please ask me.2在疑問句中可用some，表示希望得到對方肯定的回答。如：Would you like some coffee?3some可接單數(shù)名詞表示“某一個”；any可接單數(shù)名詞表示“任何一個”。 如：I remember having read this article in some magazine.Here are three novels.You may read any.【典例分析】 Jane was asked a lot of questions，but she didnt answer _ of them.Aother BanyCnone Dsome答案為B項。所選的詞應(yīng)與not構(gòu)成全部否定，四個選項中只有any與not可以構(gòu)成全部否定，相當(dāng)于none，故選B項?？键c四：復(fù)合不定代詞的用法由some，any，no，every加上body，one，thing構(gòu)成的不定代詞，叫復(fù)合不定代詞。1some構(gòu)成的不定代詞一般用于肯定句，意為“某人或某物，重要的人或事”。如：Somebody is waiting outside.I have something for you.She thinks shes something since she won the prize.獲獎之后，她覺得自己了不起了。2any構(gòu)成的不定代詞一般用于否定句、疑問句或條件狀語從句中，意為“隨便某個人或物，無論什么人或物，什么人或物都可以”。如：Does anybody else want to go?There isnt anything in the box.If anyone wants to go on the trip，register here please!有時也用于肯定句中表示“任何人或物”。如：Anybody can work out that simple maths problem.You can take anything you like.3no構(gòu)成的不定代詞意為“沒什么人或物”。 如：I know nothing about it.There is nobody here.4every構(gòu)成的不定代詞意為“一切人或物，每個人或物”。everything還可表示“最重要的人或物”。 如：Everybody enjoyed themselves on vacation.She does everything to help her mother.Her son is everything to her.對她來說兒子就是一切。【典例分析】 (xx福建高考，22)Have you figured out how much the trip will cost?$4,000，or _ like that.Aanything BeverythingCsomething Dnothing答案為C項。anything意為“任何事情”；everything“一切事情”；something“某事，某物，大致，左右”；nothing“沒有事情，無物”。根據(jù)空前的$4,000可知此處應(yīng)用something表示“不確切的數(shù)量”，something like that“大致如此”。(xx全國高考，11)I got this bicycle for _：My friend gave it to me when she bought a new one.Aeverything BsomethingCanything Dnothing答案為D項。根據(jù)My friend gave it to me可知，我白白得到了這輛自行車，因此用nothing；get sth.for nothing表示“白白得到某物”?？键c五：other，the other，others，the others，another的用法1other和the other通常作定語用；others和the others通常作主語、賓語或表語用。如：He is willing to help others / other people.2other和others用作泛指，沒有明確的范圍；the other和the others為特指，有一定的范圍。如：Twenty of the students in our class have been to Beijing.The other students / The others have not.3在句型one.the other.(用于兩者)中，the other可用作主語或賓語；在some.others (other.)句型中雖有一定范圍，但other(s)前不用冠詞。如：Some of us like football，and others are fond of basketball.4another為泛指，與單數(shù)名詞連用。但another后可跟few或帶數(shù)字的復(fù)數(shù)名詞，相當(dāng)于a few或數(shù)字加more再加復(fù)數(shù)名詞。如：We need another five chairs / five more chairs.【典例分析】 (xx全國高考，23)Ill spend half of my holiday practising English and _ half learning drawing.Aanother Bthe otherCothers Dother答案為B項。若將事物分為兩部分，其中的另一部分需要用the other來表示。題中意思是“用一半的假期時間練習(xí)英語，另一半的時間學(xué)習(xí)畫畫”?？键c六：不定代詞none與no one的用法1none意為“一個(點)也沒有”，既可指人，也可指物，可對how many和how much的提問作出簡略回答。如：How much water is there in the bottle?None.2no one意為“沒有人，沒有誰”，一般指人，可用來回答who提出的問題。如：Who is in the classroom?No one.3none后常接of介詞短語，但no one和nobody一樣后面不接of介詞短語。如：None of the students are / is afraid of difficulties.【典例分析】 (xx江西高考，23)My brother would like to buy a good watch but _ was available from that shop.Anothing BnoneCno one Dneither答案為B項。句意：我哥哥想買一塊好的手表，但那家商店沒有一款適合的。nothing表示“什么也沒有”；no one只能指代人；題干中沒有表明那家商店只有兩款手表，所以排除neither；答案為none，表示“一個也沒有”?？键c七：it的用法1it可用于無人稱句，表示自然現(xiàn)象、季節(jié)、時間、距離、環(huán)境等。如：It is getting warmer and warmer.It was already ten oclock when he arrived home.Its ten minutes walk from here to our school.Its very quiet at the moment.2it可代替不定式、動名詞或從句作形式主語或形式賓語。如：Its important for us to learn a second language.We must make it clear that anyone who breaks the law will be punished.【典例分析】 _ is four years since I left my hometown.AIt BThereCThis DThat答案為A項。此處應(yīng)選It表示時間。句意：自從我離開家鄉(xiāng)已經(jīng)4年了。(xx四川高考，2)New technologies have made_possible to turn out new products faster and at a lower cost.Athat BthisCone Dit答案為D項。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，have made的賓語是to turn out new products faster and at a lower cost，所以應(yīng)選it作形式賓語。句意：新的技術(shù)使得在高效能低成本的前提下生產(chǎn)新的產(chǎn)品成為可能。考點八：it，that，those，one，ones表示替代的用法1it用來代替前面出現(xiàn)的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，屬于“同名同物”的替代。也可替代前面提到的某種情況或某個動作以避免重復(fù)。it還可在take/like/hate/hide/appreciate/depend on等后作形式賓語，代替后面的賓語從句或不定式短語。如：I lost my pen last week but I found it yesterday.(it代替my pen)I hate it in summer when it is hot.2that用來替代前面出現(xiàn)過的特指的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞或者特指的不可數(shù)名詞，相當(dāng)于“the單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞/不可數(shù)名詞”，屬于“同類異物”的替代，that后一般有限定成分。如：The weather in Beijing is as good as that in Tianjin.(that代替the weather，后有介詞短語in Tianjin修飾)“the單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞”可以用that代替，用the one來代替更為常見。如：The book is not so interesting as that/the one I bought last week.(that/the one代替the book，后有定語從句 I bought last week修飾)3those代替前面出現(xiàn)的可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)以避免重復(fù)，且表示特指，后有定語修飾，可與the ones 通用。如：The houses of the rich are generally larger than those/the ones of the poor.4one只能替代前面出現(xiàn)過的可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)，是泛指概念，相當(dāng)于“a/an單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞”，屬于“同類異物”的替代。如：I lost my pen yesterday.I will buy one.(one代替a pen)The film is not so good as the one I saw yesterday.(the one代替the film，后有定語從句I saw yesterday修飾)5ones用來代替前面提到的可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)。the ones表示特指，常相當(dāng)于those。如：I do not like green apples.I like red ones.(ones代替apples)【典例分析】 (xx遼寧高考，28)If youre buying todays paper from the stand，could you get_ for me?Aone BsuchCthis Dthat答案為A項。句意：如果你從攤上買今天的報紙，能給我捎一份嗎？one用來替代上文提到的可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)a paper(一份報紙)，表示泛指。that表示特指，不合題意。(xx浙江高考，5)Studying Wendys menu，I found that many of the items are similar to _ of McDonalds .Athose BonesCany Dall答案為A項。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，應(yīng)選those替代前面出現(xiàn)的復(fù)數(shù)名詞many of the items，而且是特指。誤區(qū)警示1形式主語和形式賓語的誤用(xx陜西高考，13)No matter where he is，he makes _ a rule to go for a walk before breakfast.AhimBthisCthat Dit【錯混透析】D在動詞makes后面，it作形式賓語，to go for a walk before breakfast 是真正的賓語，故選D項。句意：無論在哪兒，他總是習(xí)慣在早餐前出去散步。受漢語意思的影響，該題易誤選this或that?！窘忸}指導(dǎo)】 英語中形式主語和形式賓語只能由it充當(dāng)，不能使用this、that等。2不定代詞范圍判斷錯誤(xx重慶高考，21) John，when shall we meet again，Thursday or Friday? _.Ill be off to London then.AEither BNeitherCBoth DNone【錯混透析】B第一句要求對Thursday和Friday進行選擇，而第二句中“Ill be off to London then.”清楚地表明了那兩天都不行，所以選擇neither表示“兩者都不”。either表示“(兩者之中)任何一個都行”；both表示“兩者都”；none表示“(三者及以上)都不”。句意：約翰，什么時候我們再見面，周四還是周五？那兩天都不行。在那期間我要到倫敦去。如果忽視了Thursday or Friday，該題易誤選D項。【解題指導(dǎo)】 either，both，neither，any，all與none的用法：(1)either意為“兩者中的任何一個”，表示肯定意義。(2)both意為“兩者都”，表示對兩者的肯定。(3)neither意為“兩者中的任何一個都不”，表示對兩者的否定。(4)any意為“(多者中)任何之一”，表示肯定意義。(5)all意為“(多者)全部都”，表示對多者的全部肯定。(6)none意為“(多者中的)任何一個都不”，表示對多者的全部否定。3other/the other/others/the others/another的用法誤區(qū)(xx陜西高考)Would you get me a bar of chocolate from the kitchen，dear?_ one?AOther BEveryCAnother DMore【錯混透析】 C句意：“親愛的，可不可以到廚房里給我拿一塊巧克力來？”“還要吃一塊嗎？”another 與數(shù)詞連用時，數(shù)詞放在another的后面，如another three chairs；other和more與數(shù)詞連用時，數(shù)詞放在它們的前面，如one more apple，two other boys?！窘忸}指導(dǎo)】 other/the other/others/the others/another的用法：(1)從功能上看，other，the other和another通常作定語用，而others和the others通常作主語、賓語或表語。(2)從范圍上看，other，others和another用作泛指，沒有明確的范圍，而the other和the others為特指，有一定的范圍。(3)another意為“(多者中的)另一個”，表示泛指。(4)one.the other.用于兩者，the other可用作主語或賓語；some.others (other).句型中雖有一定范圍，但other(s)前通常不用冠詞；another后可跟few或帶數(shù)字的復(fù)數(shù)名詞，相當(dāng)于a few或數(shù)字加more再加復(fù)數(shù)名詞。1Our bedrooms are all on the sixth floor，_ with its own bathroom.AallBeveryCeither Deach2I enjoy _ painting and photographing.Aboth BneitherCsome Dmore3Neither side is prepared to talk to _ unless we can smooth things over between them.Aothers Bthe otherCanother Done other4Where did you get your laptop？Id like to get one.Well，at _ shop on Avenue 48，but I cant say exactly.Asome BanyCeach Devery5Where have you spent this terms scholarship，Lucy?On a puter，_ on the desk over there.Athat BthisCone Dthe one6Because Henry and Mark had to work，_ of them came yesterday.Aboth BnoneCneither Deither7To save class time，our teacher has _ students do half the exercises in class and plete the other half as homework.Aus BweCour Dours8(xx濟南期末，15) Nine in ten parents said there were significant differences in their approach to educating their children pared with _ of their parents.Athose BoneCboth Dthat9(xx濟南中學(xué)一模，23) Nowadays many young workers find_ hard to keep the balance of work and play.Ait BthatCthis Dthem 10(xx湖北黃岡月考，19) Which of the three optional courses did you like best，Joe? To tell you the truth，I didnt like_ of them.Aeither BbothCany Dneither11(xx長沙南雅中學(xué)一模，22)Japans first lady said Wednesday she would not marry Premier Naoto Kan again in_ life.Aother BothersCthe other Danother12(xx江西五校聯(lián)考，21) Lowcarbon lifestyle is of great benefit to improve the world environment._ can be enjoyed from it until you have a deep understanding of it，however.ASomething BNothingCFew DMuch13(xx南昌一模，24) More often than not，young readers find the novels of Dickens far more exciting than_ of Thackeray.Aones BthemCthese Dthose14After a new reform，the number of the products in the factory is now_ it was in xx.Athree times as larger asBmore than three timesCtwice as large asDas twice large as15(xx吉林重點中學(xué)高考適應(yīng)，24) He feels relaxed and even begins to whistle because_ of the distance _ covered.Athree fifth；wereBthree fifth；wasCthree fifths；have beenDthree fifths；has been參考答案二、代詞和數(shù)詞命題調(diào)研明晰考向真題試做1A考查代詞。句意：當(dāng)你閱讀完那本書，就把它給露西或海倫，或是其他的任何人。根據(jù)give it to Lucy or Helen可知，是把書給某個人。wherever意為“無論何地”；whatever意為“無論什么”；however意為“無論如何”； whoever意為“無論誰，任何人”。A項符合題意。2A考查it 用法。it可以作形式主語或形式賓語，而將真正的主語或賓語后置。句意：這兩個女孩子長得如此相像，陌生人感覺難以區(qū)分彼此。it在find后充當(dāng)其形式賓語，而將真正的賓語不定式結(jié)構(gòu)放后面，而其他選項皆不能充當(dāng)形式主語或形式賓語。3D考查代詞。it代替前面所指的同一事物，屬于同名同物的替代；that用來替代前面出現(xiàn)過的特指的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞或者特指的不可數(shù)名詞，相當(dāng)于“the單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞/不可數(shù)名詞”，屬于同名異物的替代，that后一般有限定成分；one只能替代可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)，是泛指概念，相當(dāng)于“a/an單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞”，屬于同名異物的替代； what必須引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，且在句子中作成分。此題中one替代a habit，是habit的同位語，you can learn even at an early age是one的定語從句。創(chuàng)新模擬預(yù)測演練1D根據(jù)后面的its可排除all；根據(jù)句中的all可排除用于兩者的either；every只能作定語，故排除；此處應(yīng)選each，與后面的介詞短語構(gòu)成獨立結(jié)構(gòu)，表示“每一個臥室都帶有自己的衛(wèi)生間”。2A根據(jù)句意判斷應(yīng)選A項。“我喜歡繪畫與攝影?！?B根據(jù)題干中的neither可知，這里指的是兩者中另一個，故用the other。而others指多者中的另一些；another指多者中的另一個；不存在one other。4A考查代詞。some此處表示“某一個”。any“一些，任何一個”；each表示“兩者或兩者以上的每一個”；every表示“三者或三者以上的每一個”。由句意可知本題選A項。5D問句詢問對方“把本學(xué)期的獎學(xué)金花在了什么地方”，回答者說“買了一臺電腦，就是那邊書桌上的那一臺”，因此是特指，用the one。6C考查代詞。句意：因為亨利和馬克要工作，所以昨天兩人都沒來。表示“兩者都不”用neither；表示“兩者都”用both；表示“三者(以上)都不”用none；表示“兩者之一”用either。7A空前的has為使役動詞，意為“讓，使得”，因此應(yīng)選賓格代詞us作賓語，students是us的同位語。8D考查代詞。此處所選的詞代替前面出現(xiàn)的單數(shù)名詞approach，可排除A、C項；one和that都代替同類異物，但one表示泛指，相當(dāng)于“a/an單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞”，而that表示特指，相當(dāng)于“the單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞/不可數(shù)名詞”，因此應(yīng)選that代替the approach。9A該題應(yīng)選it代替后面的不定式to keep the balance of work and play作賓語。形式主語和形式賓語只能由it充當(dāng)。10C因為上文提到的是“三”門選修課，所以表示兩者關(guān)系的A、B、D項都不對。any表示“(多者中的)任何一個”。11D句意：日本第一夫人在星期三說：如果有來世，她不會嫁給菅直人首相。此處in another life意為“來世，來生”。12B句意：低碳生活方式對改善世界環(huán)境有巨大的好處。然而只有你深刻理解了才會從中得到享受。根據(jù)句意判斷應(yīng)選否定意義的nothing，與后面的until一起表示“直到才”。13D根據(jù)句意可知空格處指代the novels，且被of Thackeray限定，所以選擇those表示特指。ones表示泛指，不合句意。14C對主語number加以說明，應(yīng)用large而不用many，可排除B項；A項兩個as之間錯用了比較級；D項的twice位置錯誤；答案為C項，倍數(shù)應(yīng)放在as.as之前或比較級之前作狀語。15Dthree fifths表示“五分之三”；“分?jǐn)?shù)、百分?jǐn)?shù)of名詞”作主語時，謂語動詞與of后的名詞保持?jǐn)?shù)的一致，此處of后的名詞distance是不可數(shù)名詞，謂語動詞應(yīng)用單數(shù)，因此選D項。