浪漫主義詩歌外國文學(xué)史.ppt
浪漫主義文學(xué),浪漫主義Romanticism,浪漫主義(Romanticism)是開始于18世紀(jì)西歐的藝術(shù)、文學(xué)、和文化運(yùn)動,大約發(fā)生在1790年工業(yè)革命開始的前后。它注重以強(qiáng)烈的情感作為美學(xué)經(jīng)驗的來源,并且開始強(qiáng)調(diào)如不安、驚恐等情緒,以及人在遭遇到大自然的壯麗時表現(xiàn)出的敬畏。浪漫主義是對于啟蒙時代以來的貴族和專制政治文化的顛覆,以藝術(shù)和文學(xué)反抗對于自然的人為理性化。浪漫主義重視民間藝術(shù)、自然、以及傳統(tǒng),主張一個根基于自然的知識論,以自然的環(huán)境來解釋人類的活動,包括了語言、傳統(tǒng)、習(xí)俗。浪漫主義受到了啟蒙運(yùn)動的理念影響,也吸收了中世紀(jì)文化復(fù)古的藝術(shù)成分。“浪漫”一詞來自于“romance”代表了源于中世紀(jì)文學(xué)和浪漫文學(xué)里頌揚(yáng)英雄的詩賦風(fēng)格。,Romanticism,Romanticismisacomplexartistic,literary,andintellectualmovementthatoriginatedinthesecondhalfofthe18thcenturyinWesternEurope,andgainedstrengthduringtheIndustrialRevolution.ItwaspartlyarevoltagainstaristocraticsocialandpoliticalnormsoftheAgeofEnlightenmentandareactionagainstthescientificrationalizationofnature,andwasembodiedmoststronglyinthevisualarts,music,andliterature.Themovementstressedstrongemotionasasourceofaestheticexperience,placingnewemphasisonsuchemotionsastrepidation,horrorandaweespeciallythatwhichisexperiencedinconfrontingthesublimityofuntamednatureanditspicturesquequalities,bothnewaestheticcategories.Itelevatedfolkartandcustomtosomethingnoble,andarguedfora"natural"epistemologyofhumanactivitiesasconditionedbynatureintheformoflanguage,customandusage.,浪漫主義與音樂,浪漫主義三大音樂家莫札特、海頓、貝多芬,貝多芬和肖邦,浪漫主義繪畫,威廉特納所繪的勇莽號戰(zhàn)艦,歐仁德拉克羅瓦自由領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人民,背景,一,法國大革命以及自由主義(Liberalism)。二,德國古典哲學(xué)。三,英法空想社會主義(utopiansocialism)。浪漫主義者的烏托邦(Utopia)意識。四,文學(xué)淵源:荷馬史詩,騎士文學(xué),英國感傷主義。,Friedrich所繪的霧海上的流浪者,WilliamBlake,WilliamBlake(28November175712August1827)wasanEnglishpoet,painter,andprintmaker.Largelyunrecognizedduringhislifetime,Blakesworkisnowconsideredseminalinthehistoryofbothpoetryandthevisualarts.,LakePoets湖畔派詩人,TheLakePoetsalllivedintheLakeDistrictofEnglandattheturnofthenineteenthcentury.Asagroup,theyfollowednosingle"school"ofthoughtorliterarypracticethenknown,althoughtheirworkswereuniformlydisparagedbytheEdinburghReview.TheyareconsideredpartoftheRomanticMovement.ThethreemainfiguresofwhathasbecomeknownastheLakeSchoolwereWilliamWordsworth,SamuelTaylorColeridge,andRobertSouthey.,威廉華茲華斯,WilliamWordsworth(7April177023April1850)wasamajorEnglishRomanticpoetwho,withSamuelTaylorColeridge,helpedlaunchtheRomanticAgeinEnglishliteraturewiththeir1798jointpublication,LyricalBallads.,威廉華茲華斯(WilliamWordsworth,1770年4月7日1850年4月23日),英國浪漫主義詩人,與雪萊、拜倫齊名,代表作有與柯爾律治合著的抒情歌謠集(LyricalBallads)、長詩序曲(Prelude)等。曾當(dāng)上桂冠詩人,湖畔詩人之一,文藝復(fù)興以來最重要的英語詩人之一。,SheDweltAmongTheUntroddenWays,ShedweltamongtheuntroddenwaysBesidethespringsofDove,AMaidwhomtherewerenonetopraiseAndveryfewtolove:AvioletbyamossystoneHalfhiddenfromtheeye!-Fairasastar,whenonlyoneIsshininginthesky.Shelivedunknown,andfewcouldknowWhenLucyceasedtobe;Butsheisinhergrave,and,oh,Thedifferencetome!,伊人居處車馬稀,鴿河源頭傍清溪。遠(yuǎn)離塵世無人頌,深愛伊人有阿誰?青苔石畔紫羅蘭,半隱半現(xiàn)于眼前!凄美猶如星一點,獨自閃耀在長天。伊人在世無人知,伊人離世無人提。而今已是人天隔,獨有詩客情自迷!,LyricalBallads,LyricalBallads,withaFewOtherPoemsisacollectionofpoemsbyWilliamWordsworthandSamuelTaylorColeridge,firstpublishedin1798;itistypicallyconsideredtohavemarkedthebeginningoftheRomanticmovementinliterature.Theimmediateeffectoncriticswasmodest,butitbecameandremainsalandmark,changingthecourseofEnglishliteratureandpoetry.,喬治戈登拜倫,喬治戈登拜倫,第六代拜倫男爵(GeorgeGordonByron,6thBaronByron,1788年1月22日英國倫敦1824年4月19日希臘),英國詩人、作家,引領(lǐng)風(fēng)騷的浪漫主義文學(xué)泰斗。世襲男爵,人稱“拜倫勛爵”(LordByron)。他熱愛自由,除了支持英國的民主改革外,十分同情希臘的獨立運(yùn)動,1823年他號召一支義勇軍,前往希臘支援作戰(zhàn),不幸于1824年因瘧疾死于希臘。其代表作有恰爾德哈羅爾德游記,唐璜DonJuan等。,GeorgeGordonByron,GeorgeGordonByron,laterNoel,6thBaronByronFRSwasaBritishpoetandaleadingfigureinRomanticism.HeisregardedasoneofthegreatestEuropeanpoetsandremainswidelyreadandinfluential,bothintheEnglish-speakingworldandbeyond.Byronsfamerestsnotonlyonhiswritingsbutalsoonhislife.ByronservedasaregionalleaderofItalysrevolutionaryorganizationtheCarbonari.HelatertravelledtofightagainsttheOttomanEmpireintheGreekWarofIndependence,forwhichGreeksreverehimasanationalhero.,珀西比希雪萊,PercyByssheShelley(August4,1792July8,1822)wasoneofthemajorEnglishRomanticpoetsandiswidelyconsideredtobeamongthefinestlyricpoetsintheEnglishlanguage.,OnAFadedViolet一朵枯萎的紫羅蘭,Theodorfromtheflowerisgone,這朵花的香氣已經(jīng)散失,Whichlikethykissesbreathedonme;如你的吻對我吐露過的氣息;Thecolorfromtheflowerisflown,這朵花的顏色已經(jīng)退去,Whichglowedofthee,andonlythee!如你曾煥發(fā)過的明亮,只有你!Ashriveled,lifeless,vacantform,一個萎縮、死的、空虛的形體,Itliesonmyabandonedbreast,它在我荒廢的胸口,Andmockstheheart,whichyetiswarm,以它冷漠和無聲的安息Withcoldandsilentrest.嘲弄我那仍熾熱的心。Iweep-mytearsreviveitnot;我哭泣,淚水無法復(fù)活它;Isigh-itbreathesnomoreonme;我嘆息,它的氣息永遠(yuǎn)不再;Itsmuteanduncomplaininglot它沉默、無怨的命運(yùn),Issuchasmineshouldbe.正是我所應(yīng)得的。,濟(jì)慈JohnKeats,JohnKeats(31October179523February1821)wasoneoftheprincipalpoetsoftheEnglishRomanticmovement.Duringhisshortlife,hisworkreceivedconstantcriticalattacksfromperiodicalsoftheday,buthisposthumousinfluenceonpoetssuchasAlfredTennysonhasbeenimmense.ElaboratewordchoiceandsensualimagerycharacterizeKeatsspoetry,includingaseriesofodesthatwerehismasterpiecesandwhichremainamongthemostpopularpoemsinEnglishliterature.,Epitaph,ThisGravecontainsallthatwasmortalofaYOUNGENGLISHPOET,whoonhisDeathBedintheBitternessofhisheartattheMaliciousPowerofhisenemiesdesiredthesewordstobeEngravenonhisTombStone:(HereliesOneWhoseNamewaswritinWater.),WhenIhaveFearsthatImayCeasetoBe,WhenIhavefearsthatImayceasetobeBeforemypenhasgleandmyteemingbrain,Beforehighpiledbooks,incharactry,Holdlikerichgarnersthefull-ripendgrain;WhenIbehold,uponthenightsstarrdface,Hugecloudysymbolsofahighromance,AndthinkthatImayneverlivetotraceTheirshadows,withthemagichandofchance;,AndwhenIfeel,faircreatureofanhour!ThatIshallneverlookupontheemore,NeverhaverelishinthefaerypowerOfunreflectinglove;thenontheshoreOfthewideworldIstandalone,andthink,TillLoveandFametonothingnessdosink.,每當(dāng)我害怕,每當(dāng)我害怕,生命也許等不及我的筆搜集完我蓬勃的思潮,等不及高高一堆書,在文字里,象豐富的谷倉,把熟谷子收好;每當(dāng)我在繁星的夜幕上看見傳奇故事的巨大的云霧征象,而且想,我或許活不到那一天,以偶然的神筆描出它的幻相;每當(dāng)我感覺,呵,瞬息的美人!我也許永遠(yuǎn)都不會再看到你,不會再陶醉于無憂的愛情和它的魅力!于是,在這廣大的世界的岸沿,我獨自站定、沉思,直到愛情、聲名,都沒入虛無里。,維克多雨果,Victor-MarieHugo(February26,1802May22,1885)wasaFrenchpoet,playwright,novelist,essayist,visualartist,statesman,humanrightsactivistandexponentoftheRomanticmovementinFrance.,維克多雨果(VictorHugo,1802年2月26日1885年5月22日),法國浪漫主義作家的代表人物,是19世紀(jì)前期積極浪漫主義文學(xué)運(yùn)動的領(lǐng)袖,法國文學(xué)史上卓越的作家。雨果幾乎經(jīng)歷了19世紀(jì)法國的所有重大事變。一生創(chuàng)作了眾多詩歌、小說、劇本、各種散文和文藝評論及政論文章。,喬治桑,AmandineAuroreLucileDupin,laterBaronessDudevant(July1,1804June8,1876),bestknownbyherpseudonymGeorgeSand,wasaFrenchnovelistandfeminist.喬治桑(GeorgeSand)(1804年7月11日1876年6月8日),原名阿曼蒂娜歐蘿爾露茜杜班(Amandine-Aurore-LucileDupin),法國19世紀(jì)著名女作家,浪漫主義女性文學(xué)和女權(quán)主義文學(xué)的先驅(qū)。,