知識(shí)點(diǎn)背誦 （1）：(1) 動(dòng)詞不定式的單詞：want to do sth. , wish sb to do sth. , hope sb to do sth. , ask sb. to do sth. , agree sb. to do sth. , decide to do sth. , begin to do sth., start to do sth. , learn to do sth., refuse to do sth. , promise to do sth. , manage to do sth. , offer to do sth. , fail to do sth. , afford to do sth. , tell sb. to do sth. , invite sb. to do sth. , advise to do sth. , ask sb. to do sth. ， agree to do sth. , choose to do sth., expect to do sth. , would like to do sth. (2) 動(dòng)名詞的單詞： enjoy doing sth. , like doing sth. , practise doing sth. , finish doing sth. , stop doing sth. , consider doing sth. , mind doing sth., admit doing sth., deny doing sth. , going doing sth. , suggest doing sth. , cant help doing sth. , give up doing sth. , go on doing sth. , keep (on) doing sth. , be worth doing sth. , be busy doing sth. , spend in doing sth. catching doing sth. 既可做不定式的單詞又可做動(dòng)名詞的單詞： forget , stop, remember, start, 感官動(dòng)詞：see, watch, hear, notice, 省略to 的不定式： 使役動(dòng)詞：let/ make/ have/ please sb. do sth.， 但在被動(dòng)語態(tài)中to 不能省略had better do sth. (3) 瞬間動(dòng)詞改成延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞： left-been away, died-been dead, joined-been in= been a member of, become-been, bought- had, borrowed-kept, got to - been in, came here-been here, fall asleep -been asleep, finish/ end-been over, arrived here-been here, begun/started-been on, caught a cold-had a cold, went out- been out, (4) 反意疑問句中表示否定的單詞： hardly, little, few, no, nothing, never, seldom, none, nobody, lets 用shall we? , Let us 用will you? (5) 修飾形容詞比較級(jí)的單詞: even, still, much, far, rather, a bit, a little, three years, (6). A few, few, a little, little 的用法： a few, few 修飾可數(shù)名詞，a little, little 修飾不可數(shù)名詞 a few, a little 表示“有一點(diǎn)”， few, little 表示“否定”的意思，表示“沒有”。 碰到still, only, just 則用 a few, a little (7) sometime, some time, sometimes, sometimes 的用法： sometime (將來的某一時(shí)候)， some time 一些時(shí)間 sometimes 有時(shí)some times 幾次 (8) Christmas 的介詞用法： at Christmas, on Christmas Eve, on Christmas Day (9) take part in, join, enter for, attend 的用法： take part in 參加活動(dòng)，比賽（contest, match） join 加入一個(gè)組織，成為一個(gè)成員 (WTO, Party, army) enter for 報(bào)名參加 (item) attend 參加講座，會(huì)議(meeting, lecture) 知識(shí)點(diǎn)背誦（2） use 的四種用法： use sth. to do sth. 用。去做某事 used to do sth. 過去常常做某事 be used to doing sth. 習(xí)慣于做某事 be used to do sth. 被用于做某事 use sth. for doing sth. =use sth. to do sth. 用。去做某事 2. be 動(dòng)詞的四種用法: (1) be + 形容詞： I am tall. (2) be + 被動(dòng)語態(tài)： The window is closed. (3) be + 動(dòng)詞不定式： My job is to be a teacher. (4) be + 現(xiàn)在分詞： I am listening to the teacher. 3八種時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)： (1) 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)： beis, am, are + p.p： English is widely used in the world. (2) 一般過去時(shí)： bewas, were + p.p: The film star was interviewed by the newspaper reporter just now. (3) 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)： beis, am, are + being + p.p: (4) 過去進(jìn)行時(shí)： bewas, were+ being + p.p (5) 一般將來時(shí)： will be + p.p : I will be given a present. = A present will be given to me. (6) 過去將來時(shí)： would be + p.p (7) 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)： have /has +been + p.p (8) 過去完成時(shí)： had +been + p.p (9) 含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+ be +p.p : This coat cannot be washed in water. 4. need 的四種用法： (1) need sth. ：需要某物 (2) need to do sth. ：需要做某事 (3) need do sth. ：需要做某事 （need 是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞） (4) dont need to do sth. ：不需要做某事 5. 連詞的用法：分為并列連詞和從屬連詞 (1) not onlybut also =not only .butas well = as well as 不但。而且。 用就近原則決定動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。 (2) neithernor “既不。也不”。 用就近原則決定動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。 (3) eitheror “或者。或者， 用就近原則決定動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。 (4) neither of “兩者都不。” 動(dòng)詞用單數(shù) (5) none of “三者以上都不。” 動(dòng)詞是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)由后面的主語決定。 6) bothand “既。又”。 動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。 (7) and “和”。 并列關(guān)系，表示肯定的關(guān)系。 祈使句，+and句子= If you, youll.在否定句中and 要轉(zhuǎn)化成or. Hurry up, and youll catch the early train. = If you hurry up, youll catch the early train (8) or “否則”. 有轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。表示否定的關(guān)系。祈使句，+or 句子=If you dont, youll. 舉例：./Hurry up, or youll miss the early train. =If you dont hurry, youll miss the early train. ， “ 或者” , 用于疑問句或否定句。 9) but, “但是”，although=though“但是”用了but, 就不能用though, 用了though, 就不能用but. (10) so, “ 所以”, for, because, because of “因?yàn)椤?用了so， 就不能用because。 用了 because就不能用so。 for 用于句中，because 跟句子。 because of 后跟名詞。 (11) while, when “當(dāng)。時(shí)候”。when 用于 主句：一般將來時(shí)，從句：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。 主句：一般過去時(shí)，從句：一般過去時(shí)。 主句：一般過去時(shí)，從句：過去進(jìn)行時(shí)。while 用于 主句：過去進(jìn)行時(shí)，從句：過去進(jìn)行時(shí)。 (12) 主句用一般將來時(shí)，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)， 簡(jiǎn)稱主將從現(xiàn)的句子有：if, as soon as, when, notuntil (13)yet, 用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，在否定句、疑問句中把a(bǔ)lready 改成yet. “ 然而” , : The old teacher is very tired, yet she still works very hard. = Although the old teacher is very tired, she still works very hard. (14) if “ 如果, 用于條件狀語從句。主將從現(xiàn)。 “是否”， 用于賓語從句 whether “是否”，用于賓語從句。和if 的區(qū)別在于whether 與or not 連用。表示：是。還是不是。而if 不與or not 連用。 (15) as soon as “一。就”。 主將從現(xiàn) 主句：一般過去時(shí)，從句：一般過去時(shí)。 (16) as well as 比較級(jí)中表示“和。一樣好”。 主語A+ as well as + 主語B，動(dòng)詞由A決定單復(fù)數(shù)。 (17) after ：“在。后?！庇糜谶^去完成時(shí)或過去時(shí)。（做句意相同時(shí)要想到until） (18) until, not （wont/ didnt ） 。until ： “直到。才?！庇糜谥鲗默F(xiàn)，或過去式。 (19) since=now that,“既然?！?it is +時(shí)間+since( 過去式)， it was + 時(shí)間+ since ( 過去完成時(shí)) (20) sothat. “如此. 以致于” 從句中有can, cant, could, couldnt.so that,“以便?！?可以和too.to, enough to, 互換。 (21) as ：“當(dāng). 時(shí)”=when, “由于” , “像”，跟like 的區(qū)別是：like +單詞詞組。 as + 動(dòng)詞詞組。 (22) asas, “和。一樣”。not as as “和。不一樣?！? lessthan (23) in order to, “為了”, 后+動(dòng)詞原形。 in order that “為了”，跟句子。 (24) tooto, “太。以致于不能” 。enough to “足夠。能夠?！?(25) unless=if not “除非” would rather do sth. “寧愿做某事” had better do sth. “最好做某事” would like to do sth. “想要做某事” 一、副詞： 1.加-ly: quick, slow, fluent, quiet, careful, careless, soft, wonderful, cheerful, excited, sad, clear, fortunate, active, serious, wide, bad, hurried, rude, impatient, kind, silent, polite 2.去y + ily : heavy, lucky, noisy, easy, merry, greedy, happy, angry, busy, hungry, unlucky, tasty 3.去e+ly : true, terrible, possible, probable 4.同形：loud, early, fast, hard, straight, deep, late, high 劃線提問的詞： 1. how soon: 對(duì)in +一段時(shí)間的提問。 2. how long: 對(duì)for +一段時(shí)間的提問。 3. how far : 對(duì)距離的提問。(be far from) 4. how fast : 對(duì)速度的提問。 5. how old: 對(duì)年齡的提問。 6which: 對(duì)定語的提問或問哪一個(gè)？ 7. how often : 對(duì)twice a week 的提問。 8. when: 對(duì)時(shí)間的提問。 9. where: 對(duì)地點(diǎn)的提問。 10. who: 對(duì)人物的提問。 11. why=what for: 對(duì)原因的提問。 疑問詞： How far (five minutes walk) How soon (in ten minutes) How fast ( a mile in ten minutes) How long (for ten minutes) How often (twice a day) How many (two) How much (two yuan two kilos) 八種時(shí)態(tài)的時(shí)間狀語： 1、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：sometimes, every (day), often, never, usually, on Sundays 2、一般過去時(shí)：used to, yesterday, ago, last week, in 1990, the day before yesterday, just now, this morning, when 3、一般將來時(shí)：tomorrow, next year, soon, in two days, in 2008, this evening 4、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：never, ever, already, yet, just, 5、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：now, listen!, look!, these days 6、過去進(jìn)行時(shí)：while, when, at this time, at 8 yesterday, 7、過去完成時(shí)：by the end of , when, 賓語從句。 8、過去將來時(shí)：一般用于賓語從句中。sb. pay money for sth.sb. spend money on sth.sb. buy sth. for moneysth. cost (sb) moneyIt cost sb. money to do sth. it takes/ took sb. some time to do sth.sb. spend time doing sth.sb. spend time on sth.sth. take (sb) timeit take sb. time to do sth.it take time for sb. to do sth.1. 1. 找出陳述部分找出陳述部分 2. 2. 看主語前的主體詞是名詞還是形容詞（副詞）看主語前的主體詞是名詞還是形容詞（副詞）做感嘆句練習(xí)的方法做感嘆句練習(xí)的方法adj./adv. adj./adv. n n. . 可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞單數(shù), , 用用what a/anwhat a/an可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù), , 用用what what 修飾修飾不可數(shù)名詞不可數(shù)名詞, , 用用what what 修飾修飾用用 how how 修飾修飾. . Structures感嘆句的構(gòu)成感嘆句的構(gòu)成How+ adj./ adv. + (陳述句陳述句)!What + a/an + adj. +可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)+(陳述句陳述句)!What + adj. + 可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù) + (陳述句陳述句)! What + adj. + 不可數(shù)名詞不可數(shù)名詞 +(陳述句陳述句)! 反意疑問句的用法： 1、表示否定的隱性詞有： hardly, never, seldom, little, few, none 2、s 的表示： (1) be late for 中的be 動(dòng)詞 （is）; (2) has + p.p 中的has 3、there be句型用 isnt/ is/ arent /are there ? 4、Lets 用shall we? Let us 和其他祈使句用 will you ? 5、由 believe, think 連接的賓語從句，反意在從句上。 4、賓語從句的用法：賓語從句的用法： 1、一看連詞，二看語序， 三看時(shí)態(tài) 2、注意連詞： (1)特殊疑問句的連詞用特殊疑問詞(2)一般疑問句的連詞用if 或whether, 其中表示不確定的或有or not 的用whether, 如：I have no idea whether I go to park. (3) 注意語序：用陳述句語序， 除：Whats wrong with you ? =Whats the matter with you? 語序不變外。 1. You will get better soon. I hope _ you _ get better soon.3. When does the next plane arrive? He hasnt told me _ the next plane _?2. Can Tim finish the work in three hours? She wants to know _ Tim _ finish the work in three hours.當(dāng)賓語從句是一般疑問句時(shí)，連詞由當(dāng)賓語從句是一般疑問句時(shí)，連詞由if或或whether引導(dǎo)引導(dǎo)當(dāng)賓語從句是特殊疑問句時(shí)，連詞常由當(dāng)賓語從句是特殊疑問句時(shí)，連詞常由疑問詞疑問詞引導(dǎo)引導(dǎo)thatwillif/ whethercanwhenarrivesHe wondered _ he would go or not.whether若主句謂語動(dòng)詞為若主句謂語動(dòng)詞為現(xiàn)在時(shí)現(xiàn)在時(shí)（包括（包括一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)），現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)），從句的謂語動(dòng)詞則根據(jù)從句的謂語動(dòng)詞則根據(jù)本身實(shí)際需要本身實(shí)際需要而定。而定。1. You will get better soon. I hope that you will better soon.2. Can Tim finish the work in three hours? She wants to know if/whether Tim can finish the work in three hours.3. When does the next plane arrive? He hasnt told me when the next plane arrives?1. He will go on a trip to Beijing in a week. My father told me that he _ _ on a trip to Beijing in a week.若主句謂語動(dòng)詞為若主句謂語動(dòng)詞為一般過去時(shí)一般過去時(shí)，從句的謂語動(dòng)詞，從句的謂語動(dòng)詞需視具體情況選用相應(yīng)的過去時(shí)態(tài)需視具體情況選用相應(yīng)的過去時(shí)態(tài)(一般過去時(shí)、一般過去時(shí)、過去將來時(shí)、過去進(jìn)行時(shí)或過去完成時(shí)過去將來時(shí)、過去進(jìn)行時(shí)或過去完成時(shí))等等. 2. Do you prefer tea or coffee? Martin asked the man _ he _ tea or coffee.3. How did he go to the Science Museum? Jane didnt know how he_ _ to the Science Museum.wouldgowhetherpreferredhadgoneA. howB. ifD.will goD. rises 保持句意相同的句子：保持句意相同的句子： 1、almost out of =hardly little, almost none=hardly any 2、only =nothing but 3、the same +名詞+as =as +形容詞+as, 如：the same age =as old as 4、than 與not as /soas 互換 5、比較級(jí)改成最高級(jí)： 比較級(jí)+than any other =最高級(jí)+ in +范圍或(of all)注意other, else 的用法。 6、兩句合并的句子用的連詞有： instead of, because of, without, ifnot =unless, in order to +動(dòng)詞詞組 =so as to +動(dòng)詞詞組 = in order that+句子 sothat（如此以致于）, suchthat （如此以致于）, so that（以便，如此）, tooto（太以致于不能）, enough to （足夠能夠）的用法： so +形容詞+that+ 帶有can /could 的句子 =形容詞+enough to 的句子so +形容詞+that+ 帶有cant /couldnt 的句子 =too+形容詞+ to 的句子so that 表示“以便，如此”+從句 =in order to /so as to +動(dòng)詞詞組such +形容詞+名詞+that+從句 知識(shí)點(diǎn)背誦（5） 1. see 的用法： see sb. do sth. 看到某人做一件事的全過程 see sb. doing sth. 看到某人做某事，看到的是一個(gè)點(diǎn)。 2. alone, lonely 的用法： alone 作表語 :be alone, live alone單獨(dú)，即一個(gè)人。 lonely 作形容詞： feel lonely （感到孤獨(dú)） 3. forgetful, forgettable, unforgettable的用法： forgetful ( 健忘的)， forgettable (容易被遺忘的)， unforgettable (難以忘懷的) 4. except, except for , besides 的用法： except 除了 （同類事物比較），去除這個(gè)人或事物 except for 除了， （不同類事物的比較） besides 除了，（同類事物比較），加上這個(gè)人或事物。 5. 被動(dòng)語態(tài)中to 不能省略的詞組： make sb. do sth. be made to do sth. let sb. do sth. be let to do sth. have sb. do sth. be had to do sth. see sb. do sth. be seen to do sth. notice sb. do sth. be noticed to do sth. hear sb. do sht. be heard to do sth. listen to sht. be listened to sth. 6. no longer = not .any longer 7. feel sleepy 感到困乏 feelfelt （過去式） fallfell (過去式) fall asleep 入睡 go to sleep 上床睡覺 8. alive, living 的區(qū)別： alive 作表語， 表示“活著”: be alive living 作名詞表示“生存”：make a living; 作形容詞表示“活著”：living things live 作形容詞，表示“直播”：a live TV program 10. like 的用法： feel like doing sth. 中l(wèi)ike 是介詞，表示“想要做”， would like to do sth. 想做 like 介詞“象”， like 做動(dòng)詞表示喜歡： like to do sth. 表示個(gè)人愛好。 like doing sth. 表示一般的喜愛。 11. on, about 的用法： about 關(guān)于，講內(nèi)容；on 關(guān)于，講標(biāo)題。也可做“通過”來解釋。如：on the phone.