十一、非謂語動詞,考點(diǎn)1 動詞不定式的用法【中考體驗】(2017·天水中考)Well do what we can_the sick man. A. to helpB. helpC. helpsD. helped,【解析】選A?？疾椴欢ㄊ降挠梅?。句意: 我們將會盡我們所能幫助這名生病的男子。此處為動詞不定式作目的狀語, to help意為“來幫助”。故選A。,(2017·廣東中考)For more than once, our head teacher asks us_the habit of keeping a diary. A. developB. developsC. developingD. to develop【解析】選D?？疾椴欢ㄊ降挠梅?。ask sb. to do sth. “要求某人做某事”, 故選D。,(2017·天津中考)We only planned_the play for an hour, but in the end, we stayed for three hours. A. watchB. watchesC. to watchD. watched,【解析】選C?？疾椴欢ㄊ降挠梅ā＞湟? 我們僅計劃觀看1個小時的戲劇, 但最后, 我們在那兒待了三個小時。表示“計劃做某事”應(yīng)用plan to do sth. 。故選C。,(2017·益陽中考)Its necessary for you_the classroom clean, class. A. keepB. keepingC. to keep【解析】選C。考查不定式的用法。句意: 同學(xué)們, 對你們來說保持教室的整潔是很有必要的。Its + adj. + for sb. to do sth. 意為“對于某人來說做某事是的”。故選C。,【知識歸納】動詞不定式可作主語、表語、賓語、定語、狀語和賓語補(bǔ)足語, 我們主要掌握不定式作賓語、賓語補(bǔ)足語及目的狀語的用法。,【巧學(xué)妙記】不定式的用法口訣不定式, 本領(lǐng)強(qiáng), 六種成分都能當(dāng)。動詞特點(diǎn)它具備, 就是不能充當(dāng)謂。否定形式不一般, to前只把not添。疑問詞加上它, 構(gòu)成短語作用大。,【易錯警示】不定式的否定形式是在to的前面直接加not。如: My mother decided not to buy a computer for me. 我媽媽決定不給我買計算機(jī)了。不定式可以和疑問詞who, which, what, when, how, where(why除外)等連用, 構(gòu)成不定式短語, 在句子中作主語、賓語或表語等。如:,How to get there is not decided yet. 怎樣去那里還沒有定下來。Can you tell me what to say at the meeting? 你能告訴我在會上說些什么嗎?,常見的跟不定式作賓語的動詞有want, agree, decide等。為了便于記憶, 請記住下面的順口溜: 要想拒絕忘記(want, refuse, forget), 需要努力學(xué)懂(need, try, learn), 喜歡同意幫助(like, agree, help), 希望決定開始(hope, wish, decide, begin, start)。,I want to visit the Great Wall with my parents tomorrow. 明天我想和父母一起參觀長城。,一些使役動詞和感官動詞可用不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語, 這時不定式要省略to。這些動詞有: 一感(feel)、二聽(hear, listen to)、三讓(let, make, have)、四看(look at, see, watch, notice), 半幫助(help)。但在變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時, 要加上to。試比較: The boss made them work the whole night. (主動語態(tài))They were made to work the whole night by the boss. (被動語態(tài)),考點(diǎn)2 動名詞的用法【中考體驗】(2017·白銀中考)I look forward_you soon. A. seeB. seeingC. to seeD. to seeing,【解析】選D?？疾楣潭ù钆?。句意: 我希望盡快見到你。look forward to期待; 盼望。其中to是介詞, 后面接名詞或動詞的-ing形式。故選D。,(2017·鄂州中考)Jack hasnt taken his piano lessons for a long time. He is considering_his piano course and spending more time on his study. A. to dropB. to throwC. droppingD. throwing,【解析】選C。考查非謂語動詞。句意: 杰克很久沒有上鋼琴課了。他正在考慮_鋼琴課, 花更多時間在學(xué)懂上。根據(jù)上文“杰克很久沒有上鋼琴課了”和下文“花更多時間在學(xué)懂上”可知, 他正考慮放棄鋼琴課。放棄應(yīng)該用drop, 相當(dāng)于give up。consider如果直接跟動詞作賓語, 后面的動詞一定要用動名詞形式。故選C。,(2017·眉山中考)Bob, Im not good at English. What should I do? Why not_an English club to practice_English? A. to join; speakingB. join; to speakC. to join; to speakD. join; speaking,【解析】選D。考查非謂語動詞的用法。句意: 鮑勃, 我不擅長英語, 我該怎么辦呢? 為什么不參加一個英語俱樂部練習(xí)一下英語口語呢? 由Why not +do sth. ? 可知, 后接join; 而practice doing sth. “練習(xí)做某事”為固定用法。故選D。,(2016·南京中考)Have you read the book Jane Eyre? Yes. Its a famous book and really worth_. A. to readB. readingC. to be readD. read,【解析】選B。考查固定短語的用法。句意: 你讀過簡愛這本書嗎? 讀過。它是一本著名的書, 確實值得_。be worth doing sth. 固定短語, 意為“值得做某事”。故選B。,【知識歸納】,【巧學(xué)妙記】后只接動名詞的動詞喜歡(enjoy)一直(keep)提建議(suggest/advise)期待(look forward to)習(xí)慣(be used to)卻完畢(finish)想要(feel like)花費(fèi)(spend)去練習(xí)(practice)忍俊不禁(cant help)還介意(mind)忙碌(be busy),考點(diǎn)3 動詞后跟不定式與動名詞的區(qū)別【中考體驗】(2017·湘潭中考)Sometimes you have to stop_too much and just go where your heart takes you. A. thinkB. to thinkC. thinking,【解析】選C?？疾榉侵^語動詞的用法。句意: 有時候你不要想太多, 一切隨心就好。stop doing sth. 意為“停止做某事”, 而stop to do sth. 意為“停下來去做另一件事”。故選C。,(2016·黔東南州中考)I remember_to Beijing when I was a child. A. to takeB. takingC. to be takenD. being taken,【解析】選D?？疾椴欢ㄊ健＞湟? 我記得小的時候被帶著去過北京。remember doing sth. “記得做了某事”, 由句意可知空白處表示被動, 故選D。,【知識歸納】某些動詞后接不定式和動名詞, 意義有別。(1)stop to do sth. 停下來去做某事(另一件事)stop doing sth. 停止做某事(2)forget to do sth. 忘記去做某事(沒做)forget doing sth. 忘記做過某事(已做),(3)remember to do sth. 記著去做某事(沒做)remember doing sth. 記著做過某事(已做)(4)go on to do sth. (做完一件事后)繼續(xù)做另一件事go on doing sth. 繼續(xù)做(同)一件事(5)try to do sth. 設(shè)法或努力去做某事try doing sth. 嘗試著做某事,(6)like/hate +to do sth. 喜歡/討厭做某事(強(qiáng)調(diào)這一次的動作)like/hate +doing sth. 喜歡/討厭做某事(泛指某項活動),考點(diǎn)4 分詞的用法【中考體驗】(2017·蘭州中考)A nurse_Carolyn will look after the baby when his mother_away. A. naming; isB. naming; will beC. named; isD. named; will be,【解析】選C?？疾榉侵^語動詞和動詞的時態(tài)。a nurse named Carolyn“一個名字叫Carolyn的護(hù)士”, 過去分詞作后置定語; 在時間狀語從句中, 用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來。故選C。,(2016·齊齊哈爾中考)We feel like_some food and drink because well invite some friends _in a party. A. buying; to joinB. to buy; joiningC. buying; join,【解析】選A。feel like doing sth. 想做某事; invite sb. to do sth. 邀請某人做某事。句意: 我們想買一些食物和飲料因為我們將會邀請一些朋友來參加聚會。故選A。,(2016·內(nèi)江中考)Bad Luck. The film star had her leg_while playing a part in the film. A. to breakB. breakingC. breakD. broken,【解析】選D。句意: 真不幸! 這個電影明星在演這部電影時弄斷了腿。“have + sth. (賓語)+過去分詞(賓語補(bǔ)足語)”意為“使某事被”。賓語sth. 后面用過去分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語, 說明sth. 與過去分詞表示的動作之間是被動關(guān)系。故選D。,【知識歸納】,【易錯警示】現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞的區(qū)別在語態(tài)上, 現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動意義, 過去分詞表示被動意義。試比較: the surprising news令人驚訝的消息a surprised man一個受驚嚇的人,在時間上, 現(xiàn)在分詞表示正在進(jìn)行的動作, 過去分詞表示已經(jīng)完成的動作。試比較: the developing country發(fā)展中國家the developed country發(fā)達(dá)國家,現(xiàn)在分詞和動詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語的區(qū)別我們常見的動詞如: see, watch, notice, hear, feel, have等, 它們接不帶to的不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語, 表示已經(jīng)完成了或?qū)⒁プ?。接現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語, 表示動作正在進(jìn)行著。試比較:,I heard him singing in the classroom. 我聽到他在教室里唱歌。(“唱”這個動作正在進(jìn)行)I heard him sing in the classroom. 我聽到他在教室里唱歌了。(“唱”這個動作已經(jīng)結(jié)束),