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十一、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,考點(diǎn)1 動(dòng)詞不定式的用法 【中考體驗(yàn)】 ①(2017·天水中考)We’ll do what we can __________the sick man. A. to help　　B. help　　　C. helps　　D. helped,【解析】選A?？疾椴欢ㄊ降挠梅?。句意: 我們將會(huì)盡我們所能幫助這名生病的男子。此處為動(dòng)詞不定式作目的狀語(yǔ), to help意為“來(lái)幫助”。故選A。,②(2017·廣東中考)For more than once, our head teacher asks us__________the habit of keeping a diary. A. develop B. develops C. developing D. to develop 【解析】選D?？疾椴欢ㄊ降挠梅āsk sb. to do sth. “要求某人做某事”, 故選D。,③(2017·天津中考)We only planned__________the play for an hour, but in the end, we stayed for three hours. A. watch B. watches C. to watch D. watched,【解析】選C?？疾椴欢ㄊ降挠梅ā＞湟? 我們僅計(jì)劃觀看1個(gè)小時(shí)的戲劇, 但最后, 我們?cè)谀莾捍巳齻€(gè)小時(shí)。表示“計(jì)劃做某事”應(yīng)用plan to do sth. 。故選C。,④(2017·益陽(yáng)中考)It’s necessary for you______the classroom clean, class. A. keep　　　　B. keeping　　　　C. to keep 【解析】選C?？疾椴欢ㄊ降挠梅?。句意: 同學(xué)們, 對(duì)你們來(lái)說(shuō)保持教室的整潔是很有必要的。It’s + adj. + for sb. to do sth. 意為“對(duì)于某人來(lái)說(shuō)做某事是……的”。故選C。,【知識(shí)歸納】 動(dòng)詞不定式可作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ), 我們主要掌握不定式作賓語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)及目的狀語(yǔ)的用法。,【巧學(xué)妙記】不定式的用法口訣 不定式, 本領(lǐng)強(qiáng), 六種成分都能當(dāng)。 動(dòng)詞特點(diǎn)它具備, 就是不能充當(dāng)謂。 否定形式不一般, to前只把not添。 疑問(wèn)詞加上它, 構(gòu)成短語(yǔ)作用大。,【易錯(cuò)警示】 ①不定式的否定形式是在to的前面直接加not。如: My mother decided not to buy a computer for me. 我媽媽決定不給我買計(jì)算機(jī)了。 ②不定式可以和疑問(wèn)詞who, which, what, when, how, where(why除外)等連用, 構(gòu)成不定式短語(yǔ), 在句子中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)等。如:,How to get there is not decided yet. 怎樣去那里還沒(méi)有定下來(lái)。 Can you tell me what to say at the meeting? 你能告訴我在會(huì)上說(shuō)些什么嗎?,③常見(jiàn)的跟不定式作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有want, agree, decide等。為了便于記憶, 請(qǐng)記住下面的順口溜: 要想拒絕忘記(want, refuse, forget), 需要努力學(xué)懂(need, try, learn), 喜歡同意幫助(like, agree, help), 希望決定開(kāi)始(hope, wish, decide, begin, start)。,I want to visit the Great Wall with my parents tomorrow. 明天我想和父母一起參觀長(zhǎng)城。,④一些使役動(dòng)詞和感官動(dòng)詞可用不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ), 這時(shí)不定式要省略to。這些動(dòng)詞有: 一感(feel)、二聽(tīng)(hear, listen to)、三讓(let, make, have)、四看(look at, see, watch, notice), 半幫助(help)。但在變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí), 要加上to。試比較: The boss made them work the whole night. (主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)) →They were made to work the whole night by the boss. (被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)),考點(diǎn)2 動(dòng)名詞的用法 【中考體驗(yàn)】 ①(2017·白銀中考)I look forward__________you soon. A. see B. seeing C. to see D. to seeing,【解析】選D?？疾楣潭ù钆?。句意: 我希望盡快見(jiàn)到你。look forward to期待; 盼望。其中to是介詞, 后面接名詞或動(dòng)詞的-ing形式。故選D。,②(2017·鄂州中考)—Jack hasn’t taken his piano lessons for a long time. —He is considering__________his piano course and spending more time on his study. A. to drop B. to throw C. dropping D. throwing,【解析】選C。考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意: ——杰克很久沒(méi)有上鋼琴課了?！诳紤]__________鋼琴課, 花更多時(shí)間在學(xué)懂上。根據(jù)上文“杰克很久沒(méi)有上鋼琴課了”和下文“花更多時(shí)間在學(xué)懂上”可知, 他正考慮放棄鋼琴課。放棄應(yīng)該用drop, 相當(dāng)于give up。consider如果直接跟動(dòng)詞作賓語(yǔ), 后面的動(dòng)詞一定要用動(dòng)名詞形式。故選C。,③(2017·眉山中考)—Bob, I’m not good at English. What should I do? —Why not__________an English club to practice__________English? A. to join; speaking B. join; to speak C. to join; to speak D. join; speaking,【解析】選D?？疾榉侵^語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的用法。句意: ——鮑勃, 我不擅長(zhǎng)英語(yǔ), 我該怎么辦呢? ——為什么不參加一個(gè)英語(yǔ)俱樂(lè)部練習(xí)一下英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)呢? 由Why not +do sth. ? 可知, 后接join; 而practice doing sth. “練習(xí)做某事”為固定用法。故選D。,④(2016·南京中考)—Have you read the book Jane Eyre? —Yes. It’s a famous book and really worth__________. A. to read B. reading C. to be read D. read,【解析】選B。考查固定短語(yǔ)的用法。句意: ——你讀過(guò)《簡(jiǎn)愛(ài)》這本書(shū)嗎? ——讀過(guò)。它是一本著名的書(shū), 確實(shí)值得__________。be worth doing sth. 固定短語(yǔ), 意為“值得做某事”。故選B。,【知識(shí)歸納】,【巧學(xué)妙記】后只接動(dòng)名詞的動(dòng)詞 喜歡(enjoy)一直(keep)提建議(suggest/advise) 期待(look forward to)習(xí)慣(be used to)卻完畢(finish) 想要(feel like)花費(fèi)(spend)去練習(xí)(practice) 忍俊不禁(can’t help)還介意(mind)忙碌(be busy),考點(diǎn)3 動(dòng)詞后跟不定式與動(dòng)名詞的區(qū)別 【中考體驗(yàn)】 ①(2017·湘潭中考)Sometimes you have to stop__________too much and just go where your heart takes you. A. think　　　　B. to think　　　C. thinking,【解析】選C。考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的用法。句意: 有時(shí)候你不要想太多, 一切隨心就好。stop doing sth. 意為“停止做某事”, 而stop to do sth. 意為“停下來(lái)去做另一件事”。故選C。,②(2016·黔東南州中考)I remember__________to Beijing when I was a child. A. to take B. taking C. to be taken D. being taken,【解析】選D。考查不定式。句意: 我記得小的時(shí)候被帶著去過(guò)北京。remember doing sth. “記得做了某事”, 由句意可知空白處表示被動(dòng), 故選D。,【知識(shí)歸納】 某些動(dòng)詞后接不定式和動(dòng)名詞, 意義有別。 (1)stop to do sth. 停下來(lái)去做某事(另一件事) stop doing sth. 停止做某事 (2)forget to do sth. 忘記去做某事(沒(méi)做) forget doing sth. 忘記做過(guò)某事(已做),(3)remember to do sth. 記著去做某事(沒(méi)做) remember doing sth. 記著做過(guò)某事(已做) (4)go on to do sth. (做完一件事后)繼續(xù)做另一件事 go on doing sth. 繼續(xù)做(同)一件事 (5)try to do sth. 設(shè)法或努力去做某事 try doing sth. 嘗試著做某事,(6)like/hate +to do sth. 喜歡/討厭做某事(強(qiáng)調(diào)這一次的動(dòng)作) like/hate +doing sth. 喜歡/討厭做某事(泛指某項(xiàng)活動(dòng)),考點(diǎn)4 分詞的用法 【中考體驗(yàn)】 ①(2017·蘭州中考)A nurse__________Carolyn will look after the baby when his mother__________away. A. naming; is B. naming; will be C. named; is D. named; will be,【解析】選C?？疾榉侵^語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。a nurse named Carolyn“一個(gè)名字叫Carolyn的護(hù)士”, 過(guò)去分詞作后置定語(yǔ); 在時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中, 用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái)。故選C。,②(2016·齊齊哈爾中考)We feel like__________some food and drink because we’ll invite some friends __________in a party. A. buying; to join　　　　B. to buy; joining C. buying; join,【解析】選A。feel like doing sth. 想做某事; invite sb. to do sth. 邀請(qǐng)某人做某事。句意: 我們想買一些食物和飲料因?yàn)槲覀儗?huì)邀請(qǐng)一些朋友來(lái)參加聚會(huì)。故選A。,③(2016·內(nèi)江中考)Bad Luck. The film star had her leg__________while playing a part in the film. A. to break B. breaking C. break D. broken,【解析】選D。句意: 真不幸! 這個(gè)電影明星在演這部電影時(shí)弄斷了腿?！癶ave + sth. (賓語(yǔ))+過(guò)去分詞(賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ))”意為“使某事被……”。賓語(yǔ)sth. 后面用過(guò)去分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ), 說(shuō)明sth. 與過(guò)去分詞表示的動(dòng)作之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。故選D。,【知識(shí)歸納】,【易錯(cuò)警示】 ①現(xiàn)在分詞與過(guò)去分詞的區(qū)別 在語(yǔ)態(tài)上, 現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動(dòng)意義, 過(guò)去分詞表示被動(dòng)意義。試比較: the surprising news令人驚訝的消息 a surprised man一個(gè)受驚嚇的人,在時(shí)間上, 現(xiàn)在分詞表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作, 過(guò)去分詞表示已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作。試比較: the developing country發(fā)展中國(guó)家 the developed country發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家,②現(xiàn)在分詞和動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的區(qū)別 我們常見(jiàn)的動(dòng)詞如: see, watch, notice, hear, feel, have等, 它們接不帶to的不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ), 表示已經(jīng)完成了或?qū)⒁プ?。接現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ), 表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行著。試比較:,I heard him singing in the classroom. 我聽(tīng)到他在教室里唱歌。(“唱”這個(gè)動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行) I heard him sing in the classroom. 我聽(tīng)到他在教室里唱歌了。(“唱”這個(gè)動(dòng)作已經(jīng)結(jié)束),