Module 9 Great inventions詞句精講精練詞匯精講1. borrow; lend和keep(1) borrow是“借進”，即說話人向別人借東西供自己用，常用于borrow sth. from sb. / somewhere結構，意為“從某人/某地借來某物”。例如：He borrowed a lot of money from the bank. 他從銀行借了很多錢。May I borrow your bike? 我可以借你的自行車嗎？You can borrow the book from the library. 你可以從圖書館借這本書。(2) lend是“借出”，即說話人把自己的東西借給別人用，常用于lend sth. to sb. 或lend sb. sth.結構中，意為“借給某人某物”。例如：I dont like to lend my TV set to Tom. 我不想把電視機借給Tom。(3) keep 意為“保存”，是延續(xù)性動詞，borrow是瞬間動詞，如果與一段時間連用，要用keep代替borrow。例如：Can I keep the book a little longer? 我借這本書的時間能長點嗎？I have kept the book for two weeks. I will return it to the library this afternoon.這本書我已經借了兩周了，今天下午我要把它還給圖書館。2. look throughlook through是動副結構，意為“瀏覽，仔細地看”。其后接名詞或代詞，但代詞需放在look和through的中間。另外，look through還有“透過看”之意。例如： Before the meeting, I looked through the reports. 會議前，我瀏覽了報告。 The boy is looking through the window of his house. 那個男孩正透過他家的窗戶看?！就卣埂縧ook 的相關短語： look up(在字典、參考書中)查詢所需的信息 look for尋找 look over(醫(yī)生)仔細檢查 look around 環(huán)顧四周 look after照看 look at 看 look down on 看不起3. as a result as a result意為“作為結果；因此”，通常單獨使用。例如：As a result, the discussion was put off until the following week. 結果，討論被推遲到了下星期。 He fell off the bike and hurt his leg yesterday. As a result, he had to be away from school for two months. 昨天他從自行車上掉了下來，摔傷了腿。因此他不得不休學兩個月。 He didnt practice, and as a result, he lost. 他沒有練習，所以輸了。 【拓展】as a result of意為“因為；由于的結果”，后接名詞或名詞性短語，表示原因。例如：He was late as a result of the heavy snow. 他遲到是由于大雪所導致的。 As a result of warning, nobody was hurt. 由于得到了警告，因此沒有人受傷。4. in a wayin a way意為“從某種意義上說，從某種程度上說，從某一點來看”，是介詞短語。例如：Ina way，it is an important book. 在某種意義上，這是一本重要的書。The work is well done in a way. 從某種程度上說，這項工作做得不錯?！就卣埂?1) in the way有“擋路；妨礙，阻礙”的意思。例如：Sorry, you are in the way. 對不起，你擋路了。Her social life got in the way of her studies. 她的社交生活妨礙了學業(yè)。(2) on the way 意為“在去某地的路上”。例如：On the way to the station，I bought some chocolate. 在去車站的路上我買了些巧克力。(3) by the way意為“順便說一聲”。例如：By the way，have you seen Harry recently？順便說一句，你最近見過Harry嗎？5. imagine imagine是動詞，意為“想象，推測”，后面可接名詞、代詞、賓語從句、復合賓語，常用于結構：imagine doing sth. 想象做某事。例如： We cant imagine what China will be like in the future. 我們無法想象將來中國是什么樣子。 I cant imagine leaving all my friends. 我無法想象離開我所有的朋友。 No one can imagine what would happen next. 沒有人能想象出下一步會發(fā)生什么。6. by hand by hand意為“用手的，親自的；手工”，是介詞短語。例如：Rice farmers here still plant and harvest their crops by hand. 這里種植水稻的農場主仍是手工種植和收割莊稼。The dish was made of silver, beaten out by hand. 這盤子是銀制的，是手工打造的。 The letter was delivered by hand.那封信是派專人送去的?！就卣埂縝y the hand意為“牽手，拉手，握手”。例如：He clasped his old friend by the hand. 他緊緊地握住老朋友的手. He took Dickson by the hand to lead him into the house. 他牽著迪克森的手把他領進屋。 7. more and more more and more意為“越來越多；越來越”。例如：More and more people are giving up smoking.戒煙的人越來越多了。The play gets more and more exciting in the last few scenes.這出戲在最后幾場中越來越激動人心?！就卣埂縨ore and more 是“比較級+and+比較級”的結構，這種結構表示“越來越”。例如：The weather is getting warmer and warmer. 天氣變的越來越暖和了。He runs faster and faster. 他跑的越來越快了。She looks more and more beautiful. 她看起來越來越漂亮了。8. allow sb to do sthallow是動詞，意為“允許，準許”，常用于allow sb. to do sth.允許某人做某事；allow doing sth.“允許做”。例如： My parents dont allow me to smoke. 我的父母不允許我抽煙。We dont allow eating in the classrooms. (我們)不允許在教室吃飯。Her boss doesnt allow her to use the telephone. 她的老板不允許她使用電話。9. put up（1）put up 是由“動詞+副詞”構成的動詞短語，意為“張貼；公布”。例如: The principal put up the exam result.校長公布了這次考試的結果。（2）put up 意為“提高；增加；抬高(租金、價格等)”。例如 ： My landlord was threatening to put the rent up by 10 dollars a week.我房東要挾說要把每周房租提高10美元?！就卣埂?1)“動詞加副詞”構成的短語，如果賓語是名詞時，賓語可以放在副詞之前，也可以放在副詞之后。例如：Please take the book away. = Please take away the book。請把這本書拿走。I put my coat on. = I put on my coat. 我穿上了我的外套。(2)“動詞加副詞”構成的短語，如果賓語為代詞時，賓語只能放在副詞之前。例如： I dont like the book. Please take it away. 我不喜歡這本書，請把它拿走。（不能說 Please take away it.） I took out my coat and put it on. 我拿出了外套，把它穿上。（不能說 put on it）10. at a time at a time意為“每次；一次”，強調具體的某一次，常用于“數詞+atatime”的結構中。例如：Let your listener answer one question at a time.讓你的聽眾一次回答一個問題。Hecheckedthemoffoneatatimeastheycamein.他們進來時，他一個一個地核對。She reads books for hours at a time. 她常?？匆豢磿褪菐讉€小時?！就卣埂縜t times意為“有時；不時；間或”，強調這種事不止一次，不時都會發(fā)生的。例如：IlikeBobbuthesveryannoyingattimes.我喜歡鮑勃，但是他有時也很煩人。Shecallsonmeattimes.她有時來看我。詞匯精練I. 英漢互譯。1. 張貼 _ 2. on ones way to _3. 瀏覽_ 4. 由制成_5. at a time _6. by hand_7. 結果_8. hear from _9. allow sb. to do_ 10. 代替；取代_II. 根據首字母或漢語提示，完成下列單詞的拼寫，使句意明確，語言通順。1. I dont think books can be r_ by computer.2. Scientists disagree about how the universe was _(創(chuàng)造).3. She was told not to _(傳播) this secret around.4. He worked hard at his study. As a r , he passed the exam easily.5. If you have to lend the camera to anyone, tell them to use it p (正確地).6. Please p up the pictures on the wall.7. If you want to know more information about our company, you can visit our w .8. Please t on the light. Its too dark in the room.9. The young baby must be kept a from fire.10. Always read the （說明書）before you start taking the medicine. III. 從方框中選出適當的詞語，并用其正確形式完成下列句子。lend; be used for; thousands of; borrow; in a way; at a time; be made of; look through; instead of ; by hand1. I can _ you the book, but you should return it to me next Monday.2. Do you often _ books from your school library?3. _ I agree with you.4. Men have been making music for_ years.5. Tents can _ classrooms after an earthquake.6. It is helpful for us to _ the newspaper.7. Please take this medicine two pills _.8. The workers are too tired in the factory. All work was done _.9. _lending a hand, he laughed at us.10. Our desks _wood.參考答案I. 英漢互譯。1. put up 2. 在往的路上 3. look through 4. be made of/from 5. 一次，每次 6. 手工（制造） 7. as a result 8. 收到的來信 9. 允許某人做 10. instead ofII. 根據首字母或漢語提示，完成下列單詞的拼寫，使句意明確，語言通順。1. replaced 2. created 3. spread 4. result 5. properly6. put 7. website 8. turn 9. away 10. instructions III. 從方框中選出適當的詞語，并用其正確形式完成下列句子。1. lend 2. borrow 3. In a way 4. thousands of 5. be used for 6. look through 7. at a time 8. by hand 9.Instead of 10. are made of 句式精講1. Paper and printing have been used for ages. (1) be used for意為“被用來做”，介詞for表示用途，后接名詞或動名詞。例如：A pen is used for writing. 鋼筆是被用來寫字的。 (2) be used as意為“被用作”，介詞as表示“作為”。例如：English is used as the second language in many countries. 英語在許多國家被當作第二語言使用。 (3) be used by意為“被使用”，介詞by后面接動詞的執(zhí)行者。例如：English is used by travelers and business people all over the world. 英語被全世界旅行者和商人們使用。2. Whats more, they save a lot of paper. whats more意為“而且；更重要的是；更有甚者”，用于進一步說明情況，表示遞進，可以放在句中，也可以放在句首。例如： He is going to set up a hospital; whats more, he is going to set up an old peoples home. 他打算建一家醫(yī)院，而且他還打算建立一家養(yǎng)老院。 He took part in the activity, whats more, he learnt a lot. 他參加了這次活動，更重要的是，他從中學到了很多知識。3. The internet is more powerful than books.more后接多音節(jié)形容詞或副詞，構成比較級，表示對兩者進行比較，意為“比更”。如： He is more careful than the others. 他比其他人更仔細。 Travelling by train is more relaxing than driving. 乘火車旅行比開汽車輕松得多?！就卣埂浚?）morethan表示“比更多”，此時more為many或much的比較級，表示數量，后接名詞。例如： I made more mistakes than you. 我犯的錯誤比你多。 Hes got more money than the rest of us together. 他的錢比我們大家的加在一起的總數還多。 【注意】若more受much或many的修飾，則應分別與不可數和可數名詞連用。例如： His car cost much more money than mine. 他的小汽車所花的錢比我的多得多。 There are many more people than we expected. 這里的人比我們想象的要多得多。（2）morethan表示“與其說不如說”，此時不是對兩個對象進行比較，而是對同一個人或物在兩個不同方面進行比較或取舍，此時不論形容詞或副詞是單音節(jié)、雙音節(jié)還是多音節(jié)，一律用morethan。例如： He is more lucky than clever. 與其說他聰明，不如說他幸運。 He was more frightened than hurt. 他傷倒不算什么，可受驚不小。4. I havent used it since your mums birthday. since可以作介詞，連接一個過去的時間點或一段時間+ago。例如： She has been ill since last weekend. 她自從上周末就病了。 She has been in Wuhan since four years ago. 自從四年前她就在武漢?！就卣埂縮ince還可以作連詞，引導時間狀語從句，從句用一般過去時，主句常用完成時。例如： I have studied English since I came here. 自從我來這里就學習英語。 I have known her since I was five years old. 自從我五歲就認識她。5. As a result, there were not many books, and they were expensive. 本句中not many表示部分否定。(1) 在英語里有一些用來表示“全體”或“完全”意義的總括詞，如all, every(及everybody, everything等)，both，always，quite，wholly，altogether等，凡含有這些詞的否定句并非表示全部否定，而是部分否定。如要表示全部否定需用neither, none等。例如： Not all the ants go out for the food. 并非所有的螞蟻都外出覓食。 Money is not everything. 金錢并不是一切。 (2) 表示部分否定的形式： 1) 直接把否定詞not放在被否定的詞之前。例如：Not all birds can fly. 并不是所有的鳥都會飛。Not both children are clever. 兩個孩子不都聰明。We are not altogether interested. 我們并不完全感興趣。2) 用not來否定謂語。例如： I cant catch everything in the book. 我沒有完全掌握書的內容。 All that glitters is not gold. 閃光的未必都是金子。3) 除了上述兩種常見的形式外，部分否定還有其他表現形式。例如： She cant sing and dance. 她并非既會唱歌又會跳舞。6. Will books be replaced by the Internet? Lets wait and see.will be replaced by 是一般將來時的被動語態(tài)，表示“被取代，被代替”。被動語態(tài)是動詞的一種特殊形式，表示主語是動作的承受者。一般說來，只有需要動作對象的及物動詞才有被動語態(tài)。漢語往往用“被”、“受”、“給”等詞來表示被動意義。例如： He was elected chairman.他被選為主席。被動語態(tài)由“be過去分詞”構成，be隨時態(tài)的變化而變化。以do為例，常用時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)形式為：(1) am/is/are +done一般現在時Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits. 參觀者們被要求不能去觸摸展品。(2) was/were done 一般過去時I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer.我有十分鐘的時間去決定是否拒絕這個提議。(3) shall/will be done 一般將來時Hundreds of jobs will be lost if the factory closes.如果工廠關閉，將會失去數以百計的工作。句式精練I. 句型轉換，每空一詞。1. We can send mails on the Internet. (改為被動句)Mails _ _ _ on the Internet.2. We can borrow books from the library. (改為被動句)The books can _ _ from the library.3. I have received his letter. (改為被動句)His letter _ _ _.4. The radio has been turned on by him. (就劃線部分提問)_ _ _ _ _ by him?5. You have finished your work.(改為一般疑問句)_ _ _ your work?II. 完成句子，每空一詞。1. 我想我們應該去散步，而不是待在家里。 I think we should go for a walk _ _ staying at home.2. 你經常上網瀏覽嗎？ Do you often _ _ the Internet?3. 每次你可以從圖書館借兩本書。 You can borrow two books from the library _ _ _.4. 大明今天早上起晚了，結果誤了校車。 Daming got up late this morning. _ _ _, he missed the school bus.5. 更重要的是，在中國，教師獲得越來越多的尊重。 _ _, teachers are respected more and more in China.6.我已經把圖片掛在墻上了。I _ _ _ the pictures on the wall.7. 在將來，書將會被電腦代替。 Books _ _ _ by computers in the future.8. 我們常常把黨比作太陽。 We often _ our Party _ the sun.9. 你知道這些紙是絲制的嗎？ Do you know that the paper _ _ _ silk?10.我昨天收到了湯姆的來信。 I _ _ Tom yesterday.III.把下列句子改為同義句，每空一詞。 1. I will take care of your son.Your son will _ _ _ _ by me.2. My hometown has changed greatly in the last two years.Great changes _ _ in my hometown in the last two years.3. You should hand in the homework at once.Your homework should _ _ in at once.4. My mother has given Tony a present for Christmas.Tony _ _ _ a present for Christmas by my mother.5. We havent been told what to do next. We havent been told what _ _ _ next.IV. 補全對話。AMaybe light bulbs(燈泡) are the most useful inventionsBWhat kind of book do you want to borrow?CGreat inventions have changed the world a lotDWhy do you think so?EWhat do you think the most useful invention is?A：Where are you going，Tony?B：The libraryI want to borrow some booksA： 1 B：About inventionsYou know I have to prepare for the science lessonA： 2 And we humans are really greatB：Thats truePeople have made lots of inventionsA： 3 B：Sorry，Im not sure 4 A：I dont agreeIn my opinion, cars are the most usefulB： 5 A：Because I can go anywhere quickly and conveniently in my car參考答案I. 句型轉換，每空一詞。1. can be sent 2. be borrowed 3. has been received 4. What has been turned on 5. Have you finishedII. 完成句子，每空一詞。1. instead of 2. look through 3. at a time 4. As a result 5. Whats more 6. have put up 7. will be replaced 8. compare, to 9. is made from 10. heard fromIII.把下列句子改為同義句，每空一詞。 1. be taken care of 2. have happened 3. be handed 4. has been given 5. we should do IV. 補全對話。1. B 2. C 3. E 4. A 5. D