Module 6 Eating together詞句精講精練 詞匯精講1invite invite是及物動(dòng)詞，意為“邀請(qǐng)”，常用于下列結(jié)構(gòu)： （1）invite sb. 邀請(qǐng)某人 例如： Do you invite the friends in Beijing? 你邀請(qǐng)北京的朋友了嗎？ （2）invite sb. to some place邀請(qǐng)某人去某地 例如： Why dont you invite them to our school? 為什么不邀請(qǐng)他們來我們學(xué)校？ （3）invite sb. to dinner邀請(qǐng)某人吃飯 例如： Li Lin often invites me to dinner. 李林經(jīng)常邀請(qǐng)我吃飯。 （4）invite sb. to do sth. 邀請(qǐng)某人做某事 例如： We invited our parents to come to our party. 我們邀請(qǐng)我們的父母來參加聚會(huì)。 2. mean mean是動(dòng)詞，有如下用法： (1) 表示“意思是，指的是”，后接名詞、動(dòng)詞不定式或句子。例如： The red light means “stop”. 紅燈意思是“停止”。 Do you mean that I am too heavy? 你的意思是我太胖了？ (2)表示“打算，意欲”，后面常接不定式。例如： He means to do it well. 他打算把這件事做好。 (3) 表示“意味著”，后面常接動(dòng)名詞作賓語。例如： Missing the train means waiting for another one hour. 趕不上這列火車意味著再等一小時(shí)。 (4) What doesmean? = Whats the meaning of? = What do you mean by?意為“是什么意思？” 3. serveserve 有“服侍，侍候，招待”等意思，常用于以下結(jié)構(gòu)中： (1) serve賓語 例如：They were busy serving the days last buyers. 他們正忙著接待這天的最后一批顧客。(2) serve sb. sth.或serve sth. to sb. 例如：Mrs. Turner served us a very good dinner.Mrs. Turner served a very good dinner to us.特納太太招待我們吃了一頓豐盛的晚餐。(3) serve sb. with sth. 例如：We served them with beer and wine. 我們用啤酒和紅酒招待他們?！就卣埂縮erve的名詞是service，意為“服務(wù)，效勞”。 例如：He died in the service of his country. 他為國捐軀。There is a good bus service into the city. 往市內(nèi)的公共汽車十分方便。 4. hold hold 是動(dòng)詞，意為“舉行，舉辦，召開”，?？梢杂胔ave來替換，過去式和過去分詞均為held。例如： hold a meeting舉行會(huì)議 hold a concert舉行音樂會(huì) hold a sports meeting舉行運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)【拓展】hold的其他含義：hold保持；維持How long will this fine weather hold? 這樣的好天氣能維持多久？抓住；握??；拿住He held the thief by the arm. 他抓住那個(gè)小偷的胳膊。容納；包含Our classroom can hold more than fifty students.教室能容納50多個(gè)學(xué)生。支撐的重量The chair cant hold your weight. 這把椅子不能承受你的重量。短語Catc catch hold of抓??； hold on（電話）別掛斷；稍等 5. be used for be used for 意思是“被用來做某事”，for是介詞，它的后面用名詞或者動(dòng)名詞作賓語。例如：Knives are used for cutting things. 刀是用來切割東西的。【拓展】use構(gòu)成的其他的短語有：(1) be used as意思是“被作為使用”，as是介詞，意思是“作為”，它強(qiáng)調(diào)被當(dāng)作工具或者手段來使用。 例如：Our classroom is used as a reading-room. 我們的教室被用來當(dāng)閱覽室使用。(2)be used by意思是“被使用”，by后面跟人或者物，表示強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的使用者。例如： This radio is often used by my mother. 這臺(tái)收音機(jī)經(jīng)常被我的媽媽使用。(3)be used to do something意思是“被用來做某事”，和be used for doing是同義詞短語。例如：It is used for learning English.It is used to learn English. 它被用來學(xué)習(xí)英語的。(4) be used to doing something的意思是“習(xí)慣于做某事”。 例如： My father is used to living in the village. 我的爸爸習(xí)慣于住在鄉(xiāng)村。 6. howeverhowever意為“然而”，不能直接連接兩個(gè)分句，必須另起新句，并用逗號(hào)隔開。例如：It was raining hard. However, we went out to look for the boy. 雨下得很大，不過我們還是出去尋找那個(gè)孩子。 【拓展】（1）but是并列連詞，連接兩個(gè)并列分句，后面不用逗號(hào)，前后句在總的意義上構(gòu)成了對(duì)比。例如：I really dont like cheese, but I will try just a little this time.我實(shí)在是不喜歡吃奶酪，但是這次我要嘗一點(diǎn)。 （2）however比but用的場(chǎng)合更正式, 因此however用于書面語,而but 常用于口語。另外, however的意思還不只局限于“但是;然而”，它還有其他的用法。例如：However hard I worked, she was never satisfied. 無論我多么努力地工作，她從來沒滿意過。However did you get here without a car? 沒有汽車你究竟是怎樣來的呢? 7. offer offer是動(dòng)詞，意為“拿出，提供；（主動(dòng)）提出要做某事”。常用于“offer sb. sth. = offer sth. to sb.向某人提供某物”和“offer to do sth.主動(dòng)去做某事”這兩種結(jié)構(gòu)。例如： I offered him a lot of food. 我給他許多食物。 He offered to take her to the cinema. 他提出帶她去看電影?！就卣埂?offer的同義詞為provide，常用結(jié)構(gòu)是provide sb. with sth. 和provide sth. for sb. 意為“向某人提供某物”。例如： Somehow she managed to provide her children with food and clothing. 她總設(shè)法使她的孩子有飯吃，有衣穿。 8. similar similar作形容詞，意為“相似的”。be similar to意為“與相似，接近”，一般用在相近似的物品和情境的對(duì)比上。例如： His problem is similar to yours. 他的問題和你的相似。I guess it may be similar to the Hindu culture. 我猜想，這可能接近于印度文化?！就卣埂浚?）look like意為“看起來像” 。應(yīng)用范圍最廣，除了描述人、物之外，也能抽象表達(dá)事件或現(xiàn)象。例如： He looks like a famous movie star. 他看起來像一個(gè)電影明星。 It looks like its going to rain soon. 天看起來要下雨。（2）take after 最常見的是用在有血緣關(guān)系的親子之間，外貌用的最多，也能夠用在性格脾氣這些內(nèi)在特質(zhì)上。例如：She took after her mother almost in everything. 她幾乎與她母親一模一樣。Adam was my grandfather and I took after him. 亞當(dāng)是我的祖父，我和他很相像。 詞匯精練I. 英漢互譯。1. 事實(shí)上_ 2. be used for _3. hold a sports meeting_ 4. 入鄉(xiāng)隨俗_5. 例如_ 6. school-leavers party_7. too much food _ 8. 主動(dòng)去做某事_9.heat up _ 10. 請(qǐng)自便 _ II. 根據(jù)句意及漢語或首字母提示完成單詞。1Dumpling are Chinese t_ food. 2. The soup t_ sweet. Would you like some?3.Thanks for your i_. Im sure to attend your birthday party.4. Ive heard that the o_ of the supermarket is a young man.5. K_ are used for cutting things.6.The old _(諺語)“the early bird gets the worm”is my favorite.7. Winter is o_. Spring is coming.8. She _(提供) him a lift and he accepted（it).9. Heres some a_ for you about learning English.10. Dinner is _(服務(wù)，提供) around 7pm or even later. III. 用所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空（注意被動(dòng)語態(tài)的正確使用）。 1. This book can _(use) as a textbook. 2. These beds _(make) of wood. 3. English _(speak) in Canada. 4. The old man was quite weak after the accident, so he must _(look) after. 5. They know salt _(produce) in many places. 6. My homework _(finish) in two hours. 7. We dont know when the school _(found). 8. The trees _(not water) last week.參考答案 I. 英漢互譯。1. in fact 2. 被用來做某事 3. 舉行運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì) 4. When in Rome, do as the Romans do.5. such as/for example 6.畢業(yè)晚會(huì) 7. 太多的食物 8. offer to do sth. 9.給加熱 10. help yourselfII. 根據(jù)句意及首字母提示補(bǔ)全單詞。1. traditional 2. tastes 3. invitation 4. owner 5. knives 6. saying 7. over 8. offered 9. advice 10. served III. 用所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1. be used 2. are made 3. is spoken 4. be looked 5. is produced 6. will be finished 7. was founded 8. werent watered句式精講1. “When in Rome, do as the Romans do. ” “When in Rome, do as the Romans do.” 是省略句，意為“入鄉(xiāng)隨俗”。完整形式為：When（you are) in Rome, do as the Romans do.when in Rome是when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句，省略了you are，do as the Romans do是由實(shí)義動(dòng)詞do引導(dǎo)的祈使句。as the Romans do為as引導(dǎo)的方式狀語從句，do是狀語從句的謂語。as的意思是“像，按照”?！就卣埂縧ike也有“像”的意思，as和like有如下區(qū)別：like 作介詞時(shí)，其意是“像，如同”，其后需接名詞、動(dòng)名詞或代詞等。如果該名詞或代詞后還要用動(dòng)詞才能表達(dá)某一完整的意思，那就用as，此處的as作連詞解。例如： He saw a number of small hard things like stones. 他看見許多小而硬的、像石塊似的東西。 You should behave like her. 你應(yīng)該像她那樣行事。 He wanted to be a pilot as his father had been.他想像他爸爸一樣，當(dāng)一名飛行員。2. No one will be cross.cross可作形容詞，意為“脾氣壞的，易怒的”。例如： Lucy stayed out late again，and her father was really cross. 露西又在外面玩得很晚才回來，她父親非常生氣。 【拓展】 (1) be/get cross with sb. 對(duì)某人生氣 例如： The boss will get cross with me if I dont finish the job on time. 如果我不把活按時(shí)干完，老板會(huì)對(duì)我發(fā)火的。 (2) be cross at sth. 因某事而生氣 例如： She is always cross at the small things. 她總是因?yàn)橐恍┬∈露鷼狻?3) cross還可作動(dòng)詞，意為“穿過，越過”。例如： Be careful when you cross the road. 過馬路時(shí)要小心。3. The fork is held in your left hand. be held構(gòu)成了被動(dòng)語態(tài)，意為“被握著”。be done是被動(dòng)語態(tài)的構(gòu)成形式，即be動(dòng)詞后接及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞。be有人稱、時(shí)態(tài)和單復(fù)數(shù)形式的變化。各種時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)列表如下：時(shí)態(tài)被動(dòng)語態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)am/is/are過去分詞一般過去時(shí)was/were過去分詞一般將來時(shí)will/shallbe過去分詞現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)am/is/arebeing過去分詞現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)have/hasbeen過去分詞過去進(jìn)行時(shí)was/werebeing過去分詞過去將來時(shí)would/shouldbe過去分詞過去完成時(shí)hadbeen過去分詞 下列情況一般用被動(dòng)語態(tài)表達(dá)：（1）不知道誰是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者的時(shí)候用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。例如：My bike was stolen last night. 我的自行車昨天晚上被偷了。（2） 強(qiáng)調(diào)和突出動(dòng)作的承受者的時(shí)候用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。例如：The blackboard has been cleaned. 黑板已經(jīng)被擦了。（3）沒有必要指出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者的時(shí)候用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。例如：The Great Wall was built thousands of years ago. 長城是數(shù)千年前建成的。4. You may find it difficult to use chopsticks if you havent tried before.“find it difficult to use chopsticks”是find it + adj. + (for sb) to do sth. 的結(jié)構(gòu)，意為“發(fā)現(xiàn)做某事（對(duì)某人來說）是”。其中it作形式賓語，真正的賓語是后面的動(dòng)詞不定式to do sth.，形容詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語。這一結(jié)構(gòu)可改成由that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，在it和形容詞之間加適當(dāng)?shù)腷e動(dòng)詞即可。例如： I find it easy for me to finish the work in an hour. = I find that it is easy for me to finish the work in an hour. 我發(fā)現(xiàn)對(duì)我來說在一小時(shí)內(nèi)完成工作很容易。5. .such as chicken wings and hamburgers. such as意為“例如”，用來羅列同類人或物中的幾個(gè)例子，可置于被列舉的事物與前面的名詞之間，但 such as后邊不能用逗號(hào)。 例如：I have many hobbies such reading, dancing and singing. 我有很多愛好，如讀書，跳舞和唱歌。Many of the English programs are welcome, such as Follow Me, Follow Me to Science. 其中有許多英語節(jié)目很受歡迎，例如跟我學(xué)跟我學(xué)科學(xué)?！就卣埂?for example也意為“例如”，但是強(qiáng)調(diào)“舉例”說明，而且一般只舉同類人或物中的一個(gè)作為插入語，且用逗號(hào)隔開。for example可置于句首、句中或句末。例如： There are many kinds of pollution, for example, noise is a kind of pollution. 有許多種污染方式，例如噪音就是一種污染。 Many students like playing computer games，for example，Mike. 許多學(xué)生喜歡玩電腦游戲，比如邁克。句式精練I. 根據(jù)漢語提示，完成英語句子（每空一詞）。1. 告別晚會(huì)將在五月三十日舉行。 The _ party _ _ _on the 30th of May. 2. 我認(rèn)為他的答案不對(duì)。 _ _ _ his answer is right.3. 這本書是去年他寫的。 This book _ _ _ him last year.4. 許多國家說英語，如澳大利亞、加拿大等。 English is_ in many countries, _ _ Australia, Canada and so on. 5. 孩子們不被允許在街上踢足球。 Children _ _ _ to play football in the street.6. 小樹應(yīng)當(dāng)受到好的照顧。 Young trees should _ _ _ _ _.7. 剛才他對(duì)他的老師很生氣。 He was _ _ his teacher just now.8. 這個(gè)新機(jī)場(chǎng)是去年建造的。 This new airport _ _ last year.9. 教室的窗戶應(yīng)當(dāng)每天都打掃。 The windows of the classroom _ _ _ every day.10. 大家認(rèn)為如果一吃完，你就離開是相當(dāng)無禮的。 Its thought quite rude if you leave _ _ _ you finish eating.II. 句型轉(zhuǎn)換，每空一詞。1. People all over the world know the Great Wall. (改為被動(dòng)語態(tài)) The Great Wall _ _ _ people all over the world.2. My little brother is too short to reach the apple on the table. (改為同義句) My little brother is _ short _ he cant reach the apple on the table.3. My friend told me some good news. (改為被動(dòng)語態(tài)) Some good news _ _ to me by my friend.4. The old man no longer lived there. (改為同義句) The old man _ live there _ _.5. My teacher offered me some good advice yesterday. (改為同義句) My teacher _ some good advice _ me yesterday. III. 改錯(cuò)。1. Xiali cars are make in Tianjin, China._2. He didnt be chosen for the job._3. Since thirty years ago his novels were translated into many languages._4. The man was seen go upstairs._5. He has had the book for a couple days ago._IV. 補(bǔ)全對(duì)話。根據(jù)對(duì)話情景，填入適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~（每空一詞）A: Excuse me. Could you help me?B: 1. . What can I do for you?A: Well, Id like to exchange this CD.B: Whats wrong 2. it?A: My grandson gave it to me as a birthday 3. . Its his favorite music but its too 4. for me. I want something quieter.B: Im really sorry, but there are no exchange on CDs after theyve been 5. .參考答案 I. 根據(jù)漢語提示，完成英語句子（每空一詞）。1.school-leavers, will be held 2. I dont think 3. was written by 4. spoken, such as5. are not allowed 6. be taken good care of 7. cross / angry with 8. was built 9. should be cleaned 10. as soon asII. 句型轉(zhuǎn)換，每空一詞。1. is known by 2. so; that 3. was told 4. didnt; any longer/more 5. offered; toIII. 改錯(cuò)。1. Xiali cars are made in Tianjin, China.2. He wasnt chosen for the job.3. Since thirty years ago his novels have been translated into many languages.4. The man was seen to go upstairs.5. He has had the book for a couple of days./ He has had the book since a couple of days ago.IV. 補(bǔ)全對(duì)話。1. sure2. with3. gift4. noisy5. opened