Module 7 English for you and me詞句精講精練詞匯精講1. achieve(1) achieve作及物動(dòng)詞，意為“完成，實(shí)現(xiàn)”。例如：You will never achieve anything if you spend your time that way. 你若總是這樣消磨時(shí)間，就永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)有所成就。 Everybody should be given the chance to achieve their aims. 要讓每個(gè)人都有機(jī)會(huì)實(shí)現(xiàn)自己的目標(biāo)。No one can achieve anything without effort. 誰(shuí)也不可能不努力而有所作為。(2) achieve作及物動(dòng)詞，意為“達(dá)到,贏得”。例如：The actor achieved fame when he was only nineteen. 那位演員十九歲時(shí)就成名了。 She achieved no success. 她沒(méi)有獲得成功。【拓展】achievement作名詞，意為“成就，成績(jī)”。例如： The invention of the computer is a great achievement. 發(fā)明電腦是一大成就。2. practicepractice作動(dòng)詞，意為“練習(xí)，實(shí)踐”。既可以作及物動(dòng)詞，又可以作不及物動(dòng)詞。其后可以接名詞、代詞或動(dòng)詞-ing形式。例如：My little brother practices the piano every day. 我的小弟弟每天彈鋼琴。Do you often practice playing football after school？你經(jīng)常放學(xué)后踢足球嗎？【拓展】后接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有：完成、實(shí)踐、值得、忙（finish; practice; be worth; be busy）繼續(xù)、習(xí)慣、別放棄（keep on; be used to; give up）考慮、建議、不禁、想（consider; suggest; cant help; feel like）喜歡、思念、要介意（enjoy; miss; mind）3. includeinclude作動(dòng)詞，意為“包含；包括”。例如：The price for the hotel includes breakfast. 旅館的價(jià)格包含了早餐。The children include twenty girls. 這些孩子中有20個(gè)女孩?！就卣埂縤ncluding作介詞，意為“包括；包含在內(nèi)”。例如：There are 40 students in the classroom, including me.教室里有40名學(xué)生，包括我在內(nèi)。4. helphelp作動(dòng)詞，意為“幫助”，常用的句式有：help sb. (to) do sth. 幫助某人做某事help sb. with sth. 在某方面幫助某人例如：I helped her (to) find the bus stop. 我?guī)退业搅斯财囌?。Mr. Li often helps us with our English. 李老師經(jīng)常幫我們學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)?！就卣埂縣elp也可作名詞，意為“幫助”，常用結(jié)構(gòu)“with ones help/with the help of”意為“在的幫助下”。例如： Thank you for your help. 謝謝你的幫助。 With the help of my friends, I finished the work very fast. 在朋友們的幫助下，我很快完成了工作。 With the teachers help, we passed the exam. 在老師的幫助下，我們通過(guò)了考試。5. spread（1）spread作動(dòng)詞，意為“伸展，延伸，張開(kāi)”。例如：The young bird spread its wings. 那只幼鳥(niǎo)伸展翅膀。spread out a map 攤開(kāi)地圖（2）spread 還表示“薄薄地涂在上”。例如：spread butter on bread=spread bread with butter 在面包上涂奶油（3）spread 還表示“傳播(消息等)，(疾病)蔓延，撒(肥料等)”。例如：Dont spread bad news 不要傳播壞消息。Flies spread diseases. 蒼蠅傳染疾病。6. ownown作形容詞，意為“自己的,特有的”，常和名詞所有格或形容詞性物主代詞ones (my / our / your / his / her / its / their)一起使用,以加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣。 (1) 如果被修飾的名詞前沒(méi)有a, any, some, no, this, that等限定詞修飾時(shí),名詞所有格或形容詞性物主代詞 + own直接前置修飾該名詞。例如: This is not my uncles own house. 這不是我叔叔自己的房子。 She makes all her own clothes. 她所有的衣服都是她自己做的。 (2) 如果被修飾名詞前面已經(jīng)有a, any, some, no, this, that等限定詞修飾時(shí),名詞所有格或形容詞性物主代詞 + own就要與of構(gòu)成短語(yǔ)一起放在該名詞后面作后置定語(yǔ)。例如: She has a mind of her own. 她頗有主見(jiàn)。 Ancient Chinese created this medical science of Chinas own.古代中國(guó)人創(chuàng)造了這樣一種中國(guó)所特有的醫(yī)學(xué)。 I have some reasons of my own for wishing to do so. 我有些想這么干的理由。 7. commoncommon意為“普通的，常見(jiàn)的，共同的，一般的（無(wú)比較級(jí)）”。例如：Its a common mistake. 這是常見(jiàn)的錯(cuò)誤。The flower is common in spring. 這種花春天很常見(jiàn)?！就卣埂勘嫖觯篶ommon, ordinary, usual, normal（1）common“常見(jiàn)的，普遍的”(即“司空見(jiàn)慣的”意思)。例如：common names 常見(jiàn)的名字; common mistakes 常犯的錯(cuò)誤;common 還有“共同的”意思。例如：common interest 共同的興趣; common language 共同語(yǔ)言;（2）ordinary 普通的，平凡的(強(qiáng)調(diào)“平淡無(wú)奇”)。例如：an ordinary worker 一個(gè)普通工人; ordinary-looking 相貌平常的（3）usual 通常的，慣常的(強(qiáng)調(diào)“遵循常例”)。例如：It is a usual thing with him. 這件事他習(xí)以為常。（4）normal 正常的，正規(guī)的 (即“合乎標(biāo)準(zhǔn)”)。例如：normal temperature 正常體溫； normal state 正常狀態(tài)8. instead ofinstead作副詞，意為“代替，而不是”，常用作狀語(yǔ)。例如： He is tired. Let me go instead. 他累了，讓我替他去吧。 She never studies. Instead, she plays tennis all day. 她從不學(xué)習(xí)，而是整天打網(wǎng)球。 【拓展】instead和instead of的辨析：(1) instead是副詞，后面不接其他的詞，一般情況下可不譯出，通常放在句首或句末，在句首時(shí)常用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)，表示前面的事沒(méi)做，而做了后面的事。例如：He didnt go to school. Instead, he went to the cinema. 他沒(méi)有去學(xué)校，相反他去了電影院。(2) instead of是介詞短語(yǔ)，意為“代替，而不是”，后面可以跟與前面并列成分相應(yīng)的名詞、代詞、動(dòng)詞-ing形式等作為介詞賓語(yǔ)。例如：He went to the cinema instead of going to school. 他去了電影院而不是學(xué)校。詞匯精練I. 英漢互譯。1. information technology _ 2. 英語(yǔ)角_3. 長(zhǎng)大_ 4. belong to_5. whats more _ 6. in the future_7. make a great effort_8. 至少_9. 取得很大進(jìn)步_10. 南非_II. 根據(jù)句意及首字母或漢語(yǔ)提示補(bǔ)全單詞。1. Tony, youd better pay attention to your h_ when you do your homework.2. _(無(wú)論在哪里) you are, your parents will miss you very much.3. How much progress have you _(達(dá)到) since you joined the English club?4. I feel very p_ to be a part of such a successful organization.5. Chinese will become as_ (普遍) as English by the middle of the twenty-first century.6. It isnt far from here, and its only about a q_ of a kilometer.7. The decision was of great _(重要) to the future of the business.8. In _(近來(lái)的) years there have been many changes.III. 從方框中選擇適當(dāng)?shù)亩陶Z(yǔ)，并用其正確形式填空。a quarter of; more and more; at least; eitheror; borrowfrom; be used for; belong to; instead of1. The woolen sweater _ keeping warm.2. I suppose you want to _ money _ me again.3. Tom is going to buy _ a guitar _ a piano.4. He waited for you for about _ an hour.5. The girl became _ beautiful.6. He has been there _ twice.7. Dont take things that do not _ you.8. The grown-ups had coffee but the children wanted milk _ coffee.IV. 用括號(hào)中所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1. He told me he _(help) her with her math the next evening.2. If it _(not rain) tomorrow, we _(visit) the Peoples Museum.3. John _(write) something when I _(go) to see him.4. Our teacher told us that light _(travel) much faster than sound.5. Please tell me if she _(come) again next time.參考答案 I. 英漢互譯。1. 信息科技 2. an English corner 3. grow up 4. 屬于 5. 而且 6. 在未來(lái) 7. 做出巨大努力 8. at least 9. make great progress 10. South AfricaII. 根據(jù)句意及首字母或漢語(yǔ)提示補(bǔ)全單詞。1. handwriting 2. Wherever 3. achieved 4. proud 5. common 6. quarter 7. importance 8. recentIII. 從方框中選擇適當(dāng)?shù)亩陶Z(yǔ)，并用其正確形式填空。1. is used for 2. borrow; from 3. either; or 4. a quarter of 5. more and more6. at least 7. belong to 8. instead ofIV. 用括號(hào)中所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1. would help 2. doesnt rain; will visit 3. was writing; went 4. travels 5. will come句式精講1. How much progress do you think youve made in English this year, Lingling?如果在疑問(wèn)句中，do you think緊跟在疑問(wèn)詞/短語(yǔ)之后，且其后的成分采用了陳述句序的話，此時(shí)它就是插入語(yǔ)。例如：How old do you think she is? 你認(rèn)為她有多大？插入語(yǔ)是做插入成分,補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明限定作用, 該句式為“特殊疑問(wèn)詞+doyouthink+其他成分構(gòu)成的，用以咨詢對(duì)方的看法或推測(cè)等。其中的doyouthink是插入語(yǔ)，可以用于這一結(jié)構(gòu)的動(dòng)詞還有believe，imagine，suppose等，例如：Whodoyouthinkhasgotthefirstprize？你認(rèn)為誰(shuí)獲得了第一名？Whichdoyousupposewillbetakenawaynext？你認(rèn)為接下來(lái)被拿走的是哪一個(gè)？2. I can speak English with you whenever we meet.（1）whenever意為“無(wú)論何時(shí)”，相當(dāng)于no matter when，同類詞有whatever，whoever，whichever，wherever, however，它們都可用來(lái)引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，其大意為“無(wú)論什么(是誰(shuí)、哪一個(gè)、什么地方、如何)”相當(dāng)于英語(yǔ)中的 no matter what (who, which, where, how)。例如：Whatever No matter what you say, I believe you. 無(wú)論你說(shuō)什么，我都相信你。Whoever No matter who telephones, tell them Im out. 不管是誰(shuí)打電話，都說(shuō)我出去了。Whichever No matter which day you come, Ill be pleased to see you. 無(wú)論你哪天來(lái)，我都?xì)g迎。Whenever No matter when you come, you are welcome. 你什么時(shí)候來(lái)，我們都?xì)g迎。We found the people friendly wherever no matter where we went. 無(wú)論我們走到哪里，我們都發(fā)現(xiàn)人們很友好。However No matter how much he eats, he never gets fat. 無(wú)論他吃多少，從來(lái)不發(fā)胖。（2）由no matter what/who/where/when引導(dǎo)的從句往往用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或一般過(guò)去時(shí)。例如：No matter who you are, you must obey the rules. 無(wú)論你是誰(shuí)，都應(yīng)該遵守規(guī)則。3. although there are other languages for everyday use.本句是although引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。although的意思相當(dāng)于though，意為“盡管，雖然”，用來(lái)引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。它所引導(dǎo)的從句不能與并列連詞but; and; so等連用，但可以和yet; still等詞連用。例如： Although he lives alone, he doesnt feel lonely.= He lives alone, but he doesnt feel lonely. 雖然他一個(gè)人住，但他并不感到孤獨(dú)。There is air all around us, although we cannot see it. 雖然我們看不見(jiàn)空氣，但空氣卻存在于我們的周圍?！就卣埂縜lthough與though的辨析：(1) 用作連詞，表示“雖然”，二者可以互換使用，但although比though更為正式。例如： Though/Although it was raining, we still went there. 雖然下著雨，但我們還是去了那里。(2) although一般不用作副詞，而though可用作副詞，且一般放在句末（不放在句首），意為“可是，不過(guò)”。例如：Its hard work; I enjoy it, though. 工作很辛苦，可是我很喜歡。We all tried our best; We lost the game, though. 我們都盡了最大努力，但我們還是輸了。(3) 在as though(好像，仿佛)，even though(即使，縱然)等固定短語(yǔ)中不能用although。例如： He talks as though he knows everything. 他夸夸其談，好像無(wú)所不知。4. It is also important to know that English has borrowed many words from other languages, 這個(gè)句型it是形式主語(yǔ)，真正的主語(yǔ)是后面的動(dòng)詞不定式，意思是“對(duì)某人來(lái)說(shuō)做某事是怎么樣的”。例如：Its difficult for your brother to take the heavy box to his room. 對(duì)你小弟弟來(lái)說(shuō)把那個(gè)重箱子搬到他的房間里是困難的。【注意】如果句型中的形容詞表示某人的性質(zhì)和特點(diǎn)時(shí)，一般用of；而形容詞表示做某事的性質(zhì)和特點(diǎn)時(shí)，就要用for。例如：Its kind of you to help me a lot. 你真太好了，幫了我這么多。It is wonderful for me to have such a good friend. 對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)，有這樣好的朋友太棒了。5. The reason why English is spoken everywhere is that in the nineteenth century, English became 句中the reason is that表示“的原因是”，is后面的表語(yǔ)從句應(yīng)由that引導(dǎo)，而不能用because，因?yàn)閎ecause引導(dǎo)的是原因狀語(yǔ)從句。例如： We didnt buy that car. The simple reason was that we couldnt afford it. 我們沒(méi)有買那輛車。原因很簡(jiǎn)單，我們買不起。 He was late for school today. The reason is that he didnt catch the early bus. 他今天上學(xué)遲到了。原因是他沒(méi)趕上早班車。 Do you know the reason for his absence? 你知道她缺席的原因嗎？口訣：reason做事很挑剔，很少和of在一起，但喜歡和for拉關(guān)系，遇到because就躲避，見(jiàn)了that則笑嘻嘻，好像見(jiàn)了老知己。句式精練I. 選詞完成下列句子。as ,whoever , although , unless, until1._will do the experiment comes to the professors office.2.The teacher didnt leave_ twelve oclock.3._the day went on, the weather got worse.4._she is young, she knows quite a lot.5. You will be late_ you leave immediately. II. 根據(jù)括號(hào)要求變換句式（每空一詞）。1. What time does the train leave? Could you tell me? (合并為一句) Could you tell me what time _ _ _?2. “Do you want to try something new?” Toms mother asks him? (合并為一句) Toms mother asks him _ _ _ to try something new.3. Could you tell me the way to the station? (改為同義句) Could you tell me _ _ _ get to the station?4. She realized Hainan was a beautiful place after she reached there. (改為同義句) She _ realize Hainan was a beautiful place _ she reached there.5. We cant finish the work if you dont help us. (改為同義句) We cant finish the work _ _ help.6. It isnt good for animals to stay in cages. I think. (合并為一句) I _ think it _ good for animals to stay in cages.7. Both he and I are good at swimming. (改為否定句) _ he _ I _ good at swimming.III. 根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)意思完成句子，每空一詞。1. Ann在英語(yǔ)方面取得了很大進(jìn)步。Ann _ _ _ _in English.2. 我想我已經(jīng)取得了很大成績(jī)。 I think I _ _ _ _.3. 他們對(duì)他們的新車感到很自豪。 They _ very _ _ their new car.4. 無(wú)論多么困難，你一定要完成你的作業(yè)。 _ _ _ _ it is, you must finish your homework.5. 一直到畢業(yè)后，他才認(rèn)識(shí)到英語(yǔ)的重要性。 He didnt realize the _ of English _ he graduated.6. 老人們告訴我，無(wú)論我聽(tīng)到什么，千萬(wàn)不要出聲。 The old told me to keep quiet _ I heard.7. 無(wú)論你英語(yǔ)講得多好，都難免出錯(cuò)。 _ _ _ _ you speak English, you cant avoid _ _.8.你猜猜誰(shuí)將被派去那里工作？Who do you suppose _ _ _to work there? IV. 補(bǔ)全對(duì)話。 從A-J 選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)補(bǔ)全對(duì)話。(選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)是多余的)A: Hello, Li Jun! How are you doing?B: Fine, thanks.A: Im thinking about a trip to Beijing. 1 B: Yes, I can. What would you like to know about Beijing?A: 2 B: Yes, it is. Its very cool in autumn.A: Great. 3 In your opinion, which place of interest is the most popular in Beijing?B: 4 As the saying goes, "He who has never been to the Great Wall is not a true man."A: Sounds good! Ill go there first. What else can I do in Beijing?B: 5 Shopping is always part of travelling.A: Good idea! It is said that Beijing Roast Duck(烤鴨)is very delicious. 6 B: At Quanjude Restaurant. 7 A: Great! I cant wait to go now. Thanks a lot.B: 8 A. Its my pleasure.B. Ill go there in October.C. You can go shopping there.D. The Great Wall, of course.E. When shall I go to Beijing?F. Is autumn the best time to go there?G. Where can you buy some nice clothes?H. Can you tell me something about the capital city?I. I am sure you can have a good dinner there.J. Where can I taste it?參考答案 I. 選詞完成下列句子。1.Whoever 2.until 3.As 4.Although 5.unlessII. 根據(jù)括號(hào)的要求，變換句式，每空一詞。1. the train leaves 2. if/whether he wants 3. how I can 4. didnt; until5. without your 6. dont; is 7. Neither; nor; amIII. 根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)意思完成句子，每空一詞。1. has made great progress 2. have achieved a lot 3. are; proud of 4. No matter how difficult/hard 5. importance; until 6. whatever 7. No matter how well; making mistakes 8. will be sent IV. 補(bǔ)全對(duì)話。 1. H 2. F 3. B 4. D 5. C 6. J 7. I 8. A