Module 4 Rules and suggestions 詞句精講精練詞匯精講1. rule （1）rule作名詞，意為“規(guī)則, 規(guī)章, 規(guī)定, 條例”。follow/obey the rules 意為“遵守規(guī)則”; break the rules意為“違反規(guī)則”。例如： There are a lot of rules in my family. 我們家有很多規(guī)定。 You should obey the traffic rules. 你應(yīng)該遵守交通規(guī)則。 （2）rule 作動(dòng)詞，意為“統(tǒng)治; 控制”。例如： The King ruled his people well and wisely. 這位國(guó)王賢明地統(tǒng)治著他的臣民。 Hilter ruled Germany for only 12 years. 希特勒統(tǒng)治德國(guó)僅12年。2.sound/noise/voice （1）sound這個(gè)詞的使用范圍很大，大自然的任何“聲音”都可以用sound來表示, 無論高低、好聽難聽等。例如：At midnight he heard a strange sound. 半夜里他聽到一種奇怪的聲音。（2）voice一般指人的聲音，說話、唱歌等人發(fā)出的聲響都可以用voice表示。例如：Meg raised her voice. 梅格提高了她的聲音。（3）noise意為“噪音”，專指人們不喜歡或者不愿意聽到的聲音。例如：Dont make any noise! 別吵了!3 go off go off 意為“離開，走掉，走散”。例如： He went off in a hurry. 他匆匆走掉了。 Dont go off the main road, or youll be lost. 不要離開大路，否則會(huì)迷路的。 【拓展】go off的其他用法： （1）go off 意為“發(fā)出響聲”。例如：My alarm clock didnt go off. 我的鬧鐘沒有響。 The alarm went off. 警鈴驟然響起。（2）go off 意為“變質(zhì)，變壞”。例如：Milk goes off quickly in the hot weather. 牛奶在熱天很容易變壞。（3）go off 意為“（電燈）熄滅，（電）中斷”。例如： There was a power cut and all of the lights went off. 停電了，所有的燈熄滅了。4. on ones own on ones own 意為“獨(dú)自，單獨(dú)”，相當(dāng)于all by oneself 或者alone。例如： She lives on her own. = She lives all by herself. = She lives alone. 她一個(gè)人生活。 This is not group work, Tom, you should do it on your own.這可不是小組活動(dòng)，湯姆，你應(yīng)該獨(dú)自完成。5. clear(1) clear作形容詞，意為“與不接觸的；與分離的”，其后常與of連用。例如：Keep clear of fires. 遠(yuǎn)離火源。Stand clear of the stage. 站得離舞臺(tái)遠(yuǎn)些。(2) clear作形容詞，意為“清澈的；透明的；晴朗的；明白的”。例如：How clear the water in the lake is! 湖里的水真清澈??！Standing on the top of the building, you can see most of the city on a clear day.在晴朗的天氣里，站在這座樓的頂部你能看見這個(gè)城市的大部分?！癐s that clear?”the teacher asked.“明白了嗎？”老師問道。(3) clear的副詞形式有兩種：clearly與clear。clearly表示抽象意義上的“清楚地”clear表示實(shí)際上的“清楚地，明顯地”。例如：He knows this clearly. 他清楚地知道這一點(diǎn)。I can hear you loud and clear. 我能聽見你說話，聲音響亮又清楚。(4) clear還可用作動(dòng)詞，意為“移除，清除，（天）變晴”等。例如： My father usually clears the table after supper. 晚飯后我爸爸常收拾桌子。 The sky cleared after the storm. 暴風(fēng)雨過后天放晴了。6. towards towards 介詞，意為“向，趨向，朝”。常用在動(dòng)詞的后面表示動(dòng)作的方向，用在表示時(shí)間的名詞前則表示“接近”。例如：He pushed the cup towards me. 他把茶杯推向我。They left towards ten oclock. 他們將近10點(diǎn)鐘時(shí)離開了。 【拓展】towards to （1）towards 指“朝”目的地移動(dòng)。例如：The dog is coming towards the boy. 狗朝男孩兒走去。 （2）to 含有“到達(dá)”之意。例如：The dog came to the boy. 狗走到男孩兒那兒。7. put up（1）put up 是由“動(dòng)詞+副詞”構(gòu)成的動(dòng)詞短語，意為“張貼；公布”。例如:The principal put up the exam result.校長(zhǎng)公布了這次考試的結(jié)果。 （2）put up 意為“提高；增加；抬高(租金、價(jià)格等)”。例如：My landlord was threatening to put the rent up by 10 dollars a week.我房東要挾說要把每周房租提高10美元。 【拓展】 （1）“動(dòng)詞加副詞”構(gòu)成的短語，如果賓語是名詞時(shí)，賓語可以放在副詞之前， 也 可以放在副詞之后。例如：Please take the book away. = Please take away the book。請(qǐng)把這本書拿走。I put my coat on. = I put on my coat.我穿上了我的外套。 （2）“動(dòng)詞加副詞”構(gòu)成的短語，如果賓語為代詞時(shí)，賓語只能放在副詞之前。例如：I dont like the book. Please take it away.我不喜歡這本書，請(qǐng)把它拿走。（不能說Please take away it.）I took out my coat and put it on.我拿出了外套，把它穿上。（不能說put on it）8. look afterlook after 是動(dòng)詞短語，意為“照顧、照料”，后接名詞或者代詞做賓語。例如：Please look after the little boy. 請(qǐng)照顧一下這個(gè)小孩兒。look after 常與詞組take care of 互換。例如：You must look after the cat. = You must take care of the cat. 你必須照顧這只貓。詞匯精練. 英漢互譯。1. 離開，走散_ 2. 照顧，照看_3. see sb. do _ 4. on ones own_5. reach out _ 6. 張貼，公布_7. towards _ 8. have to _.根據(jù)首字母或漢語提示完成句子。 1. Atschool there are _(規(guī)章) that everyone needs to follow. 2. There were lots of fish living in these _(小溪) before. 3.With a _(突然的) noise, the earthquake happened. 4. At the end of the book, the writer offers a few helpful _(建議). 5. He spoke in a _(明白清楚的) voice so that everyone could understand him. 6. She had to stand s_ while there was so much traffic going and comingaround her. 7. The book was so boring that I fell a_ while I was reading it.8. The policeman made a g_ to ask the driver to stop the car.9. Over the past 20 years, Guo Mingyi has donated 60,000 ml of b_ .10. The city is too noisy and he wants to move to a p_ village. 從方框內(nèi)選擇適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~并用其正確形式完成句子。clear, peaceful, valley, suggestion, asleep, damage, gesture, suddenly, still, effort, five, direct1 This is the _ lesson. Its very easy.2 I hope that our world will be _ without war or fighting.3 This trip was made at his teachers _.4 We were very surprised to see his _ change.5 The earthquake caused serious _ to some buildings in Sichuan Province.6 We had a _ view of the mountains.7 They found a beautiful _ by a stream behind the mountain.8 We mustnt make any _ when we are having exams.9 The policemen were making a huge _ to save the girl in the middle of the river.10 The little boy kept _ in his chair watching TV.11 Some people get used to drinking a glass of hot milk in the evening so that they can fall _ more easily.12 One of the _ of the Environment Protection Administration said it was not necessary for people to drive six days a week. 用所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1. They hung the food in the tree so as to keep the bear from _ (eat) it. 2. Since there is nothing _ (do), how about going out for a walk?3. Can we have something _ (drink) now?4. What causes the fish in the river _ (die)?5. _ (not get) up too late, or you will miss the bus. 6. My grandma sometimes falls asleep while _ (watch) TV.參考答案 . 英漢互譯。1. go off 2.look after/take care of 3. 看到某人做 4. 獨(dú)自，單獨(dú)5. 伸出 6. put up 7. 向，朝 8. 不得不. 根據(jù)首字母或漢語提示完成句子。 1. rules 2. streams 3. sudden 4. suggestions 5. clear 6. still 7. asleep 8. gesture 9. blood 10. peaceful. 從方框內(nèi)選擇適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~并用適當(dāng)形式完成句子。 1.fifth 2.peaceful 3.suggestion 4.sudden 5.damage 6.clear 7.valley 8.gestures 9.effort 10.still 11.asleep 12.directors. 用所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。 1. eating 2.to do 3.to drink 4.to die 5.Dont get 6.watching句式精講1. What does Bettys mum suggest Betty should not do? 本句中的suggest 意為“建議”，后接that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，that從句用should+動(dòng)詞原形，should可以省略不寫。例如：She suggested that the class meeting (should) not be held on Saturday.她建議班會(huì)不要在星期六舉行。We suggested that he (should) go and make an apology to his teacher.我們建議他去向老師道歉。 【拓展】 suggest的其他用法：（1）可接名詞做賓語。例如：We suggested a visit to the museum the next day.我們建議明天去參觀博物館。（2）可接動(dòng)名詞做賓語。例如：I suggested putting off the sports meet.我建議將運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)延期。They suggested waiting until the proper time.他們建議(我們)等到恰當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)機(jī)才行動(dòng)。（3）suggest 也表示“提出”的意思。例如：He suggested a different plan to his boss. 他向老板提出了一個(gè)不同的計(jì)劃。Xiao Wang suggested a way to solve the problem. 小王提出了一個(gè)解決這個(gè)問題的辦法。2. You may need some later.（1）need作動(dòng)詞，意為“需要、必須”，既可作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞又可作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。 need 當(dāng)做實(shí)義動(dòng)詞時(shí), 可表示為need to do或need sth，后面的不定式必須加to。 例如：You need to take good care of your mother. 你要好好照顧你媽媽。We need a lot of money now. 我們需要很多錢。（2）need 當(dāng)作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)?？杀硎緸閚eed do sth. ,否定形式為 need not do sth. 例如： I need finish my homework. 我需要完成作業(yè)。 He need not go there by car. 他沒必要開車去那里。3. And you have to keep together so you dont get lost. have to意為“不得不，必須”，表示客觀情況要求某人必須做某事，有人稱和時(shí)態(tài)的變化，后接動(dòng)詞原形。例如： She isnt very well these days and she has to stay at home. 她這些天身體不太好，不得不待在家里。 You dont have to tell me this. 你不必告訴我這件事。 Do you have to do everything? 什么事都得你做嗎？ She doesnt have to come this afternoon. 今天下午她不必來。 【拓展】 must與have to的辨析： have to側(cè)重于客觀需要，含有“不得不”或“被迫”之意，有多種時(shí)態(tài)形式；否定式為dont have to意為“不必”。 must側(cè)重于說話者的主觀看法，認(rèn)為有必要或有義務(wù)去做某事；只有現(xiàn)在時(shí)一種形式（在賓語從句中可以表示過去）；否定式mustnt 意為“一定不要；不允許”。例如： You must do your homework first. 你必須先做作業(yè)。 Its raining. I have to stay at home. 正在下雨，我不得不待在家里。 口訣：“主觀職責(zé)”說“必須”，must趕緊用上去；若是“環(huán)境”“不得不”，趕緊換用have to。4. I saw a baby bear playing with some sticks and stones.see sb./sth. doing sth. 意為“看到正在做某事”，表示看到的動(dòng)作正在發(fā)生或進(jìn)行。see sb./sth. do sth. 意為“看見做某事了”，通常是指看到動(dòng)作的全過程或者強(qiáng)調(diào)某事經(jīng)常發(fā)生。例如：I saw Li Ming playing near the river on my way home yesterday.昨天在我回家路上，我看見李明正在河邊玩兒。I often see Li Ming play near the river on my way home.我經(jīng)常在回家的路上看見李明在河邊玩兒。5. If I reach out, I can just touch him. reach out意為“伸出（手等）”。reach在這里意為“伸出”。例如： Dont reach out, or it will hurt you. 不要伸出手去，否則它會(huì)傷害你。 【拓展】 （1）reach out to sb. 意為“愿意對(duì)某人提供幫助”。例如： We should reach out to those who are in trouble. 我們應(yīng)當(dāng)向那些處于困境的人伸出援助之手。 （2）reach out (ones hand) for sb. 或者 reach for sth. 意為“伸出手去拿某物”。例如：The boy is trying to reach (out) for a book on the shelf. 那個(gè)男孩兒正努力伸手去夠架子上的一本書。句式精練. 句型轉(zhuǎn)換。 1. The little boy can read some poems in English(改為否定句) The little boy _ read _ poems in English2Must they be quiet?(作否定回答) _, they _3Hed better take the course(改為否定句) Hed better _ _ the course4Id like to play the violin(改為一般疑問句) _ _ _ _ play the violin?5she has to go through the square at night(對(duì)畫線部分提問) _ _ she _ to go through the square?6. Lets go rock climbing this weekend. (改為反義疑問句) Lets go rock climbing this weekend，_ _?.根據(jù)漢語意思完成句子（每空一詞）。1. 學(xué)生們一有時(shí)間，就會(huì)盡可能經(jīng)常去科學(xué)館。The students will go to the science museum _ _ _ they are free.2. 違反紀(jì)律是不對(duì)的。It is wrong to be _ _ _.3. 他們認(rèn)為我沒有注意他們所說的。They _ _ we paid attention to what they said.4. 他讓我移開那個(gè)令人驚奇的塑像。He _ me _ to move away the amazing sculpture.5. 我認(rèn)為他們不讓我們動(dòng)那些展品。I dont think they _ _ _ _ the exhibits.6. 他讓我去問那位正在做物理實(shí)驗(yàn)的老師。He _ me _ the teacher who was making a physical experiment now.7. 這個(gè)包怎么了？它裝滿了流沙。_ _ _ the bag? It _ _ _ falling sand.8. 我們花費(fèi)了十分鐘把四個(gè)輪子的車放在正確的位置。We _ _ _ _ the cart on four wheels into correct positon.9. 你最好順便看望一下你最親近的朋友。Youd better _ _ _ your closest friend.10. 學(xué)生們正忙著準(zhǔn)備去觀光。Students _ _ _ _ _ going sightseeing. 補(bǔ)全對(duì)話。根據(jù)對(duì)話內(nèi)容，從方框內(nèi)選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。其中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。A. My name is Jack.B. This is Jack.C. Im going fishing.D. What are you going to do then?E. Lets meet at our school gate at 4 oclock.F. Can I go with you?G. Im going for a picnic.A: Hello! This is Jim speaking. B: Hi, Jim. 1 A: Hi, Jack. Whats up?B: Hmm are you free this afternoon? 2 Would you like to come?A: A picnic? Are you kidding? Its reported that the temperature will stay over 38. B: Oh, thats too bad. 3 A: Im going swimming. Its comfortable to swim in this heat. B: Thats a good idea. 4 A: Sure. When and where shall we meet? B: 5 A: OK. See you then.B: See you.參考答案. 句型轉(zhuǎn)換。 1. cant，any 2. No，neednt 3. not take 4. Would you like to 5. When does，have 6.shall we.根據(jù)漢語意思完成句子（每空一詞）。1. as soon as2. against the rules3. didnt think 4. asked, to 5. allow us to touch6. made, ask, 7. Whats wrong with, is filled with8. spent ten minutes putting9. drop in on10. are busy getting ready for. 補(bǔ)全對(duì)話。1. B2. G3. D4. F5. E