第29課 非謂語動詞課堂突破一、動詞不定式動詞不定式構(gòu)成不定式的基本形式為：to+動詞原形，有時(shí)可以不用to，這里的to是不定式符號，本身無詞義。動詞不定式的否定形式是not+to+動詞原形。功能說明例句作主語不定式作主語，常常用it作形式主語，而把不定式放在后面。To speak English is not easy for us.=It is not easy for us to speak English. 講英語對我們來說不容易。作表語多數(shù)情況下，不定式作表語，可轉(zhuǎn)換為作主語。My work is to clean the room every day.=To clean the room every day is my work. 我的工作就是每天打掃這個(gè)房間。作賓語只能作某些動詞的賓語，一般不作介詞的賓語。What sports does he like to play? 他喜歡做什么運(yùn)動？He likes to play basketball. 他喜歡打籃球。作賓補(bǔ)在make, let, see, hear, watch等使役、感官動詞后，不定式省略to。The boss makes his workers work all day. 老板讓他的員工整天工作。作定語不定式作定語，要放在所修飾詞的后面。Have you got anything to say? 你有什么要說的嗎？作狀語不定式作狀語，其邏輯主語要和句子的主語一致。Im sorry to trouble you. 很抱歉，給你添麻煩了。（表原因）I went to the library to study English. 我去圖書館學(xué)英語了。（表目的）不帶to的不定式除了在使役動詞make, let, have及感官動詞see, hear, watch, notice等后可接不帶to的動詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語外，還有以下幾種情況動詞不定式符號to應(yīng)省略。1. 在情態(tài)動詞后跟不帶to的動詞不定式。2. 在had better后跟不帶to的動詞不定式。3. 在why （not）.后跟不帶to的動詞不定式。4. 在Will/Would you please （not）.句型中，please后跟不帶to的動詞不定式。【活學(xué)活用】 用所給動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1. The girl could visit the sick kids in the hospital _（cheer） them up.2. They have decided_ （join） the English club.3. Why not_ （stop） working and have a rest?4. The boy was made_ （study） for twelve hours a day without resting.5. Could you please not_ （wear） jeans to school? Its against the school rule.二、動名詞（現(xiàn)在分詞）與過去分詞動名詞/現(xiàn)在分詞構(gòu)成動名詞由“動詞原形+-ing”構(gòu)成，與現(xiàn)在分詞同形。動名詞既有動詞的性質(zhì)，可接賓語和狀語；也有名詞的性質(zhì)，可作主語、賓語、表語或定語。功能例句/說明作主語Seeing is believing. 眼見為實(shí)。作表語Her job is washing clothes. 她的工作是洗衣服。作及物動詞的賓語常接v.-ing形式作賓語的動詞或動詞短語有：enjoy（喜歡），finish（完成），mind（介意），avoid（避免），practice（練習(xí)），admit（承認(rèn)），consider（認(rèn)為），suggest（建議），give up（放棄），keep on（保持），put off（推遲）等。如：Would you mind opening the window? 你介意打開窗戶嗎？動名詞/現(xiàn)在分詞作介詞或動詞短語的賓語作定語一般情況下，單個(gè)分詞作定語要放在被修飾詞的前面，要是分詞短語作定語則要放在被修飾詞的后面。如：There is a swimming pool in front of our school. 在我們學(xué)校前面有一個(gè)游泳池。The man talking to a stranger loudly is our English teacher. 正和一位陌生人大聲交談的那個(gè)人是我們的英語老師。作狀語現(xiàn)在分詞在句中作伴隨狀語，而且句子的主語是現(xiàn)在分詞的執(zhí)行者。如：We often provide our children with toys, footballs or basketballs, thinking that all children like these things. 我們考慮到孩子們都喜歡這些東西，就通常給他們提供玩具、足球或籃球。過去分詞特征過去分詞具有形容詞、副詞的特征，在句中可作定語、賓語補(bǔ)足語、表語、狀語；也具有動詞的特征，其后可以跟賓語或被狀語修飾，構(gòu)成分詞短語。功能功能說明例句作定語一般情況下，單個(gè)分詞作定語要放在被修飾詞的前面，要是分詞短語作定語則要放在被修飾詞的后面。He is a well-known English teacher. 他是一位有名的英語老師。There is a letter written by Li Ming. 有一封李明寫的信。作賓語補(bǔ)足語過去分詞用在see, hear, notice, keep, find, get, have等動詞后作賓語補(bǔ)足語。Teenagers are not allowed to get their ears pierced.青少年不允許穿耳洞。You should have your bike repaired. 你應(yīng)該找人修修你的自行車。動詞后接不定式與接v.-ing形式的區(qū)別1. forget doing/to doforget doing忘記做過某事（已做）；forget to do忘了要做某事（未做）。如：The light in the office is still on. He forgot to turn it off. 辦公室的燈還亮著，他忘記關(guān)了。（沒關(guān)燈）He forgot turning the light off. 他忘記他已經(jīng)關(guān)燈了。（已關(guān)燈）Dont forget to buy some food for your mother tomorrow. 明天別忘了給你媽媽買些食品。2. stop doing/to dostop doing停止做某事；stop to do停止、中斷做某事后去做另一件事。如：They stop to smoke cigarettes. 他們停下來去抽煙。I must stop smoking. 我必須戒煙了。3. regret doing/to doregret doing對做過的事遺憾、后悔（已做）；regret to do對要做的事遺憾（未做）。如：I regret to have to do this, but I have no choice. 我很遺憾必須這樣去做，但我實(shí)在沒有辦法。I dont regret telling her what I thought. 我不為告訴她我的想法而后悔。4. 感官動詞+doing/do常見的感官動詞有see, watch, observe, notice, look at, hear, listen to, smell, taste。“感官動詞+do”表示動作的完整性、真實(shí)性；“感官動詞+doing”表示動作的連續(xù)性、進(jìn)行性。如：I saw him work in the garden yesterday. 昨天我看見他在花園里干活了。（強(qiáng)調(diào)“我看見他在干活”這一整個(gè)動作）I saw him working in the garden yesterday. 昨天我見他正在花園里干活。（強(qiáng)調(diào)“我看見他正在干活”這個(gè)動作）【活學(xué)活用】 用所給動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1. Remember_ （post） the letter for me on your way to school.2. I remember_ （meet） all of you when you were just starting Grade 7 at this school.3. Tom, you should have your hair_ （cut） this evening. Its too long.4. Its important_ （get） on well with your classmates at school.5. Im considering_ （buy） a new car this year.當(dāng)堂檢測一、用所給動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1. （xx杭州中考）These days it is difficult_ （imagine） a world without books.2. Why havent you left school, Bob?Im waiting for my father_ （take） me home.3. I found it very hard_ （arrive） on time because of the heavy rain.4. He used_ on the right in China, but he soon got used_ （drive） on the left in England.5. I will show you the photos_ （take） in Thailand by the time they come out.6. What should I do, doctor?_（keep） healthy, you should take more exercise.7. Many students said that they were willing to work hard to make their dreams_ （come） true.8. Mr. Wang does what he can_ （help） us improve our English.二、用方框中所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空，每詞限用一次。（xx紹興市越城區(qū)中考模擬） you surprise people fill at 1. With the help of the robots,_ life has become more and more convenient.2. A child is not a vase to be_ , but a fire to be lit.3. Look up_ the stars, there is hope everywhere.4._ , she didnt feel nervous, or regretful about her actions.5. Dont be afraid to go for your dreams. Dont be afraid to be_ .三、任務(wù)型閱讀。（xx麗水模擬）閱讀下面的短文，找出合適的內(nèi)容填入文后的表格中，完成不同表達(dá)方式的摘記。One thing that the British, the Americans and the Australians have in common is their language: they all speak English. But, if youre a tourist in one of these places, youll find there are many differences.and not only in the language!Have a look at our essential survivalguide.Being PoliteYou want to know how to be polite wherever you are. Its common for people to queue（UK/Aus） and stand in line（US） at bus stops and in shopsso dont push to the front. Dont be surprised to hear English people saying “sorry” a loteven if its you who steps on their foot. Its best just to say “sorry”, too. And in the US, when every shop assistant asks “How are you?” Its polite to answer “Im good, thanks.” In Australia, it is a bit more informal, as most people greet each other with the traditional Australian “Gday”.Eating OutAs a visitor in a new country, you try new food and go to different restaurants. Youll soon learn the differences in various kinds of food and drink, such as French fries（US） and chips（UK/Aus）, and soda（US）, fizzy drink（UK） and soft drink（Aus）. Remember, too, about tipping: in the US, it is common to tip 18-20% of your check（US） wherever you go. In the UK and in Australia, most people tip about 12-15% of their bill（UK/Aus）.Travel and TransportIn the UK, and in Australia, you drive on the left side of the road, but in the US, you drive on the right. Remember this is also important if you are a pedestrian（行人）. When you cross the road, check the direction of the vehicles（車輛） before stepping off the sidewalk（US）, the pavement（UK） or the footpath（Aus）.The differences in the languageUKAusUSqueuequeue1 chipschips2 fizzy drink3 soda4 billcheckpavement5 sidewalk參考答案課堂突破一、1. to cheer 2. to join 3. stop 4. to study5. wear二、1. to post 2. meeting 3. cut 4. to get5. buying當(dāng)堂檢測一、1. to imagine 2. to take 3. to arrive 4. to drive, to driving 5. taken 6. To keep7. come 【解析】make后跟不帶to的動詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語。8. to help 【解析】根據(jù)句意“王老師做他能夠做的來幫助我們提高英語”可知應(yīng)該用動詞不定式作目的狀語。二、1. peoples 2. filled 3. at 4. Surprisingly 5. yourself/yourselves三、1. line 2. French fries 3. soft drink 4. bill 5. footpath