Module 8 Sports life詞句精講精練詞匯精講1. memorymemory作名詞，意為“記憶力；回憶”。例如：He has a poor memory after the car accident. 出車禍后，他的記憶力很差了。I have a pleasant memory of my childhood. 我對童年有美好的回憶。Your memory is always poor at this time. 你的記憶力到這時候總是不好。 【拓展】memory的動詞形式是memorize，意為“記住，背過”。例如：He can memorize the new words very quickly. 他能很快記住很多新的單詞。2. suffer（1）suffer作不及物動詞，意為“受痛苦；受損害；變差”。例如：We all have to suffer at some time. 我們某一時段都不免有受苦的時候。She suffered greatly as a child. 她童年深受苦難。Be careful, or our work will suffer. 要細心,否則我們的工作要受損失。（2）suffer作及物動詞，意為“容忍；容許；遭受”。例如：He suffered defeat. 他遭受了失敗。He could not suffer criticism. 他不能忍受別人批評他。These plants cannot suffer a cold winter. 這些植物耐不住寒冬。（3）suffer from表示“患??；受折磨”。例如:You must have suffered from a cold. 你一定是感冒了。He suffered a great deal from cold and hunger. 他備受饑寒交迫之苦。3. set upset up意為“成立，建立；創(chuàng)立，開辦；設(shè)立，設(shè)置”，相當(dāng)于start，establish，put up，found等。例如：We set up a company.我們建立了一個公司。【拓展】set up, put與build區(qū)別（1）set up意為“開辦，建立”，強調(diào)機構(gòu)及相應(yīng)設(shè)施的建立，著重“開始”或“首次”的含義，不強調(diào)施工建筑。例如： We set up a study group.我們創(chuàng)立了一個學(xué)習(xí)小組。（2）put up意為“搭建，搭起”，著重指建造或搭起一個具有一定高度的具體的物體。在口語中set up與build也有此意。例如： Its going to rain. Lets put up the tent. 天要下雨了，我們把帳篷搭起來吧。（3） build意為“建設(shè)，建立，建造”，是使用廣泛的非延續(xù)性動詞，側(cè)重于施工建筑，常指建造房屋、橋梁、道路、高樓等大型建筑物。例如： The workers are building railways.工人們在修建鐵路。4. successsuccess 表示抽象意義的“成功”，是不可數(shù)名詞；表示具體意義的“成功的人或事”, 則是可數(shù)名詞。例如：Failure is the mother of success. 失敗是成功之母。His new book was a great success. 他新出版的書獲得了巨大成功?！就卣埂浚?）succeed 表示“成功”，是不及物動詞；表示做某事做成功了，succeed 后通常接in doing sth。例如：His plan succeeded.他的計劃成功了。At last he succeeded in solving the problem. 他終于把那個問題解決了。She succeeded in (passing) the exam. 她考試及格了。（2）successful作形容詞，意為“成功的”。例如：The performance was successful. 演出很成功。It was a successful experiment. 那是一次成功的試驗。5. beatbeat是及物動詞，有以下用法： (1) 意為“贏；打??；戰(zhàn)勝”，后接人或某一團隊、組織等，其過去式為beat。例如：I beat him at long jump yesterday. 昨天跳遠我贏了他。 (2) 意為“打；擊”，表示連續(xù)不斷的打擊。例如： Who is beating the drum? 誰在打鼓？ (3) 表示“（心臟）等跳動”。例如： I feel my heart is beating fast. 我覺得我的心臟在劇烈跳動?！就卣埂?beat和win都有“贏”的意思，但用法不同： beat的賓語為人或相當(dāng)于人的團體、組織；而win的賓語為比賽或某個項目，過去式為won。例如： Though we were weak, we beat them. 雖然我們?nèi)?，但我們贏了他們。Who wins the first prize in the competition? 誰在比賽中贏得了一等獎？6. break（1）作及物動詞，意為“ 打破；打碎；使折斷”。例如：Take care not to break the cup. 小心別把茶杯打碎了。 If you pull too hard you will break the rope. 如果你太用力拉，就會把繩子拉斷。 She is eager to break the Olympic 100 meters record. 她渴望打破奧運會100米記錄。（2）作不及物動詞,意為“折斷；破碎”。例如： The thread breaks where it is weakest. 線在最脆弱的地方容易斷。 The rope broke and he fell to the ground. 繩子斷了，他摔到了地上。 （3）break作名詞（通常為可數(shù)名詞），意為“間歇；休息時間”（尤指工作期間）。例如： Shes worked for 27 hours without a break. 她已經(jīng)不間斷地工作了二十七個小時。 (4) break作名詞，意為“機會；運氣”（多用于口語中）。 例如：Give him a break and hell succeed. 給他一個機會，他會成功的。7. return（1）return意為“返回，回來（回到出發(fā)地）”,可以作動詞或名詞。例如：Blair will return to London tonight.今晚布萊爾將返回倫敦。Ryle explained the reason for his sudden return to London.賴爾解釋了他突然返回倫敦的原因。What time does your husband return from work? 你丈夫什么時候下班回家？（2） return 還意為“歸還，退還”。return sth to sb = return sb sth 把某物還給某人例如：Dont forget to return my keys. 別忘了還我鑰匙。 Please remind me to return the books to the library.請?zhí)嵝盐野堰@些書還給圖書館。8. against against是介詞，其用法如下： (1) 反對，違反。對應(yīng)的反義詞為for，常用于be against sb. / sth.反對某人/某事 例如： Are most people against having a part-time job? 大多數(shù)人反對做兼職工作嗎？ (2) 和交戰(zhàn)（指競爭、比賽等）。例如： Well have a basketball match against the team from No. 2 Middle School next week. 下星期我們將與二中的球隊舉行一場籃球賽。 (3) 碰、裝、擦。例如： Rain beats against the window. 雨打在窗戶上。 (4) 倚著、靠著。例如： There was a ladder propped up(支撐) against the wall.一把梯子靠著墻。 (5) 防備，抗。例如： She saved money against old age. 她攢錢防老。 (6) 逆著。例如： We are sailing against the wind. 我們（的船）正逆風(fēng)航行。 (7) 襯托，相映，對照。例如： Red flags stand out brightly against the blue sky. 紅旗在藍天的襯托下顯得分外鮮艷。9. chance chance是名詞，意為“機會”。例如：Is there any chance of the team winning this week? 這個隊本星期有無獲勝的機會？Its the chance of a lifetime. You shouldnt miss it. 這是一生中難得的機會，你不應(yīng)該錯過?！就卣埂?1) chance作名詞，還有“偶然性，可能性”的意思。例如：I met him by chance. 我偶然遇到了他。(2) chance與opportunity的辨析：1) 當(dāng)表示有機會做某事時，這兩個詞的用法相同，后面可接to do或of doing。例如：I had the chance/opportunity of visiting Beijing. 我曾有機會參觀北京。I had no chance/opportunity to see him. 我沒有機會見到他。2) chance后可接從句，而opportunity則不能。例如：There is a chance that he will succeed. 他有可能獲得成功。詞匯精練I. 寫出下列動詞的過去式和過去分詞。1. advise _ _ 2. break _ _3. choose _ _4. set _ _5. know _ _6. write _ _7. teach _ _8. take _ _II. 英漢互譯。 1. 代表，象征_ 2. 建立，創(chuàng)立_ 3. be different from _ 4. at first_ 5. 實際上_ 6. encourage sb. to do sth. _ 7. 遭受_8. take pride in_ 9. 放棄_ 10.compare with _III. 根據(jù)首字母提示或漢語提示，完成下列單詞的拼寫。1. My parents always e_ me when I havent got good marks.2. Jim was chosen to s_ for the students union to attend the meeting.3. Im sorry to say youve got no _ (機會) to win the match.4. She has always s_ from bad health. 5Has it been found out who set the _(紀錄)?6This m_ has come into wide use in this area7I dont doubt you have the a_ to do the work8The coach sent two players to the _（亞洲的）GamesIV. 從下面的方框中選出適當(dāng)?shù)亩陶Z，并用其正確的形式完成句子（每條短語限用一次）。first of all; make sure; be compared with; go for; take up; at first; set up; find out1. Lets learn how to cook this dish together. _, turn on the oven(烤爐).2. Some new schools will _ in Dujiangyan next year.3. Finally, the man _ his wife had left her purse in the room.4. If you really want to be a successful musician, just _ it!5. “Dont be sad. Work hard and _ you get better grades next time,” the teacher said to Mary.6. _, nobody knew Sam was back. When he suddenly appeared, everyone was surprised.7. As a sportsman, the daily training _ a lot of his time.8. Liu Xiang can _ the worlds best sports stars.V. 根據(jù)句意用所給動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1. A new book _(write) in Chinese next year.2. Yesterday, Class One _(beat) by Class Two.3. The PRC _(found) in 1949.4. These flowers _(move) away from the window every afternoon. Its too hot there. Thank you for telling me about it.5. Many students in Zhoushan _(send) to the schools in Lanzhou in September, xx. 參考答案：I. 寫出下列動詞的過去式和過去分詞。1. advised; advised 2. broke; broken 3. chose; chosen 4. set; set 5. knew; known 6. wrote; written 7. taught; taught 8. took; takenII. 英漢互譯。1. stand for 2. set up 3. 與不一樣 4. 一開始 5. in fact6. 鼓勵某人做某事 7. suffer from 8. 以為自豪 9.give up 10.與比較III.根據(jù)首字母提示或漢語提示，完成下列單詞的拼寫。1. encourage 2. stand 3. chance 4. suffered 5. record 6. method 7. ability 8.AsianIV. 從下面的方框中選出適當(dāng)?shù)亩陶Z，并用其正確的形式完成句子（每條短語限用一次）。1. First of all 2. be set up 3. found out 4. go for 5. make sure 6. At first 7. takes up 8. be compared withV. 根據(jù)句意用所給動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1. will be written 2. was beaten 3. was founded 4. should be moved 5. were sent 句式精講1. Tony, you look tired!這里的look作連系動詞，表示“看起來”，后面要跟形容詞作表語。例如：Her mother looks very young. 她媽媽看起來很年輕。The old man looks healthy. 這個老人看起來很健康。常見的連系動詞有：be動詞（am，is, are）; 和感官有關(guān)的詞（look 看起來， feel 摸起來，taste 吃起來，smell 聞起來,sound 聽起來）；表示改變，變化含義的詞（get，become，turn，go, come）；以及其他常用詞seem等。例如：The story sounds interesting. 這個故事聽起來很有趣The flowers smell nice. 這些花聞起來很香。His face turns red. Do you know why? 他的臉變紅了。你知道為什么嗎？The food went bad. 食物壞了。2. I do hope they win the game.hope意為“希望”，用于表示有可能實現(xiàn)的愿望，其后可接不定式，即：hope to do sth. 意為“希望(自己)做某事”；若表達“希望別人做某事”時則需用hope + that從句，表示很有可能實現(xiàn)的主觀愿望，不能用hope sb. to do sth.的結(jié)構(gòu)。即： so to do sth. hope + that從句 for sth.例如： My mother hopes to find her lost watch somewhere. 我媽媽希望在什么地方找到她丟失的手表。 I hope you can pass the exam. 我希望你能通過考試。I hope to go to Tibet some day in the future. 我希望將來有一天去西藏。3. First，he was invited to competitions around the world. 這里的was invited是構(gòu)成被動語態(tài)，表示“被邀請”。例如： The desk is cleaned every day. 桌子每天有人擦。 The work can be finished in two days. 這件工作可以在兩天后完成?！就卣埂勘粍诱Z態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)是：be及物動詞的過去分詞。be有人稱、時態(tài)和單復(fù)數(shù)形式的變化。各種時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)列表：時態(tài)被動語態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)一般現(xiàn)在時am/is/are過去分詞一般過去時was/were過去分詞一般將來時will/shallbe過去分詞現(xiàn)在進行時am/is/arebeing過去分詞現(xiàn)在完成時have/hasbeen過去分詞過去進行時was/werebeing過去分詞過去將來時would/shouldbe過去分詞過去完成時hadbeen過去分詞被動語態(tài)的用法：（1）不知道誰是動作的執(zhí)行者的時候用被動語態(tài)。例如：My bike was stolen last night. 我的自行車昨天晚上被偷了。（2） 強調(diào)和突出動作的承受者的時候用被動語態(tài)。例如：The blackboard has been cleaned. 黑板已經(jīng)被擦了。（3）沒有必要指出動作的執(zhí)行者的時候用被動語態(tài)。例如：The Great Wall was built thousands of years ago. 長城是數(shù)千年前建成的。4.and we continue to take pride in him.pride是名詞，意為“驕傲，自豪”。 常用的結(jié)構(gòu)： take pride in sth. 意為“為某事驕傲”。例如: They take great pride in her daughter who is now a famous scientist. 他們?yōu)槌蔀榭茖W(xué)家的女兒而感到自豪。 He is the pride of our city. 他是我們城市的驕傲?！就卣埂?proud 是形容詞，常用結(jié)構(gòu)：be proud of sth. 意為“以而驕傲”。例如:I am very proud of being a Chinese. 作為一名中國人我很自豪 be proud to do sth 意為“為做某事而驕傲”。We are proud to be a league member. 我們?yōu)槌蔀閳F員而驕傲。5. Liu was encouraged at first to train for the high jump.encourage用作及物動詞，意為“鼓勵；鼓舞；促進；助長”等，常用于以下結(jié)構(gòu)：encourage sb. to do sth.意為“鼓勵某人做某事”。例如：The teacher often encourages us to study hard. 老師經(jīng)常鼓勵我們要努力學(xué)習(xí)。My mother encouraged me to enter the contest. 媽媽鼓勵我參加那場比賽。【拓展】 (1) encourage sb. in sth. 意為“在方面鼓勵/助長某人”。例如： Dont encourage him in laziness. 別助長他的懶惰行為。 (2) encouragement是encourage的名詞形式，意為“鼓舞/鼓勵”。例如：The teachers words were a great encouragement to him. 老師的話對他是極大的鼓舞。句式精練I. 按要求完成下列句子，每空一詞。1. He walked too slowly to catch up with us. (改為同義句) He walked _ slowly _ he couldnt catch up with us. 2. I was angry with him for keeping me waiting. (改為同義句) I was _ _ him for keeping me waiting.3. Most of the students dont agree on his travel plan. (改為同義句) Most of the students _ _ his travel plan.4. London held the first Expo in 1851. (改為同義句) The first Expo _ _ in London in 1851.5. We will discuss this question soon. (改為被動語態(tài)) This question _ _ _soon.II. 根據(jù)漢語提示完成句子，每空一詞。1. 他們沒有機會打敗湖人隊。 They have _ _ to beat Lakers.2. 許多父母總是把自己的孩子與別人的作比較。 Many parents are always _ their own kids _ others.3. 我們總是被鼓勵在課堂上講英語。 We are always _ _ _ English in class.4. 那個足球俱樂部是去年建立的。 That football club _ _ _ last year.5. 你應(yīng)該為自己盡了最大的努力而自豪。You should _ _ _ doing your best6我認為我可以獨自完成。 I think I can do it _ _7你今天看起來氣色不好，怎么了？ You _ _ _ todayWhats the trouble with you?8今天盤子里的肉味道很糟糕。 The meat in the plate _ _ todayIII. 單句改錯。1. Some famous paintings will be show in the hall next week. _2. The library is built in the town two hundred years ago. _3. Who did the book written by? _4. The monkey was seen jump off the tree. _IV. 補全對話。 根據(jù)下面的對話情景，在每個空白處填上一個適當(dāng)?shù)木渥?，使對話的意思連貫、完整。A: Morning, Tina. Did you enjoy your holiday in the country last week?B: Yes, I really had a lot of fun there.A: Great! 1. ?B: With some of my friends.A: 2. ? In a hotel?B: No. We camped in a mountain village. And we cooked our meals over an open fire.A: Sounds wonderful. How was the weather there?B: 3. . When we took a walk in the countryside, we met some villagers and had tea with them.A: 4. ?B: Yes. I will bring you some pictures tomorrow. By the way, what did you do last weekend?A: 5. B: Wow, pretty cool. I believe you had a great time, too.參考答案I. 按要求完成下列句子，每空一詞。1. so; that 2. mad with 3. disagree with 4. was held 5. will be discussedII. 根據(jù)漢語提示完成句子，每空一詞。1. no chance 2. comparing; with 3. encouraged to speak 4. was set up 5. take pride in 6by myself 7look so bad 8tastes terribleIII. 單句改錯。1. Some famous paintings will be shown in the hall next week.2. The library was built in the town two hundred years ago.3. Who was the book written by?4. The monkey was seen to jump off the tree.IV. 補全對話。1. Who did you go there with /Who did you enjoy your holiday with2. Where did you stay3. It was fine/ sunny/ The weather was fine/ sunny/ very good/ not bad4. Did you take photos / pictures Did you take any/a few/many/a lot of photos / pictures5. 任何合理的描述過去周末做過的愉快的事情。（注意時態(tài)要用一般過去時，句子結(jié)構(gòu)，拼寫正確。）