Unit 2 Great PeopleLesson 7: What Is the Meaning of Life?I. Learning aims:Master the new words: meaning, dialogue, successful, survey, neighbour II. Learning important and difficult points: 1) Those are all really important questions and very difficult to answer.2) Im not sure how to answer them.3) My dad always says that we should be good to others.4) Lets write these questions down.Language Points:1. meaning【用法】作可數(shù)名詞，意為“意思”，是動詞mean的動名詞形式起形容詞作用?！九e例】Can you tell me the meaning of this new word? 你能告訴我這個生詞的意思嗎？2. Those are all really important questions and very difficult to answer. 那些都是很重要的問題并且很難回答?！居梅ā烤涫健癰e + 形容詞 + 不定式”意為“很做某事”?！九e例】This kind of work is easy to complete. 這種工作很容易完成。3. Im not sure how to answer them. 我不能肯定如何回答它們。【用法】不定式可以與疑問詞who, what, which, when, how, where 等連用，構成不定式短語，在句中作主語、表語、賓語和賓語補足語等?！九e例】Where to buy this kind of computer is a problem. 到哪里去買這種計算機是一個問題。（作主語）I really dont know what to do. 我的確不知道該怎么辦了。（作賓語）The question is how to get there. 問題是怎么到那里去。（作表語）Can you tell me which one to choose? 你能告訴我該選擇哪一個嗎？（作賓語補足語） 4. My dad always says that we should be good to others. 我父親總說我們應該對別人好一些?！居梅ā烤涫絙e good to somebody 意為“對某人態(tài)度友好”。類似句式還有：be polite to, be friendly to, to kind to, be nice to, be rude to等。【舉例】His classmates are all friendly to him. 他的同學們對他很友好。Lesson 8: A Universe of ThoughtI. Learning aims:Master the new words: universe, Albert Einstein, lifetime, solve, theory, relativity, Switzerland, pioneer, Nobel, Princeton, nuclear, weapon, conclusion, false II. Learning important and difficult points: 1）Einstein is most famous for his Theory of Relativity.2）For one of those articles, he received the Nobel Prize in 1921.3）The important thing is not to stop questioning.4）Anyone who has never made a mistake has never tried anything new.Language Points:1. solve【用法】作及物動詞，意為“解答、解決”，后加名詞或代詞作賓語?！九e例】I dont think I can solve these problems. 我想我不能解決這些問題。2. Einstein is most famous for his Theory of Relativity. 愛因斯坦為他的相對來說最為出名?！居梅ā烤涫絙e famous for 意為“因而著名、出名”，后加表示物的名詞、代詞作介詞for的賓語?！九e例】Hangzhou is famous for tea and silk. 杭州因茶和絲綢而出名?！就卣埂烤涫絙e famous as意為“作為而著名、出名”；后加表示人的名詞、代詞作介詞as的賓語。【舉例】Yang Liping is famous as a dancer. 楊麗萍作為舞蹈演員而出名。3. The important thing is not to stop questioning. 最重要的事情是不要放棄提問?！居梅ā窟@句話中的not to stop questioning 是動名詞的否定形式，它由否定副詞 not 加上動名詞構成。在這句話中，動名詞用在系詞后作表語?！九e例】He is worried about not going to the concert. 他擔心的是不能參加音樂會。To us students, the first task is studying hard. 對我們學生來說，第一個任務就是努力學習。Lesson 9: Chinas Most Famous “Farmer”I. Learning aims:Master the new words: universe, Albert Einstein, lifetime, solve, theory, relativity, Switzerland, pioneer, Nobel, Princeton, nuclear, weapon, conclusion, false II. Learning important and difficult points: 1）Einstein is most famous for his Theory of Relativity.2）For one of those articles, he received the Nobel Prize in 1921.3）The important thing is not to stop questioning.4）Anyone who has never made a mistake has never tried anything new.Language Points:1. produce【用法】作及物動詞，意為“出產、生產”，是后加名詞或代詞作賓語?！九e例】Our factory produces radios and televisions. 我們工廠生產收音機和電視機?！就卣埂縫roduct是produce 的名詞形式，意為“產品”。【舉例】This kind of product sells well. Is that so? 這種產品很暢銷。是這樣嗎？2. In the dream, he grew a new type of rice that was as big as a peanut. 在夢中，他種了一種想花生一樣大的水稻。【用法】句式asas表示程度相同，第一個as是副詞，后加形容詞或副詞的原級。【舉例】Jim is as honest as Billy. 吉姆和比利一樣誠實。She works as carefully as her sister. 她和她姐姐工作一樣認真?！就卣埂烤涫絥ot as (so) as 表示一方不如另一方?！九e例】The weather in Beijing is not as (so) hot as that in Wuhan. 北京的天氣不如武漢的天氣熱。I dont run as (so) fast as you. 我不如你跑得快。3. Since then, he has spent much of his time researching and developing new varieties. 從那時起，他花費很多時間研究和開發(fā)新品種?！居梅ā勘硎尽盎ㄙM”，可用于兩個句式中：spendon和spend(in) doing?！九e例】Each person spent about 100 yuan on food every month. 在伙食上每人每月花100元左右。 He doesnt spend all his time (in) working. 他沒有把全部精力用在工作上?！就卣埂坎荒苷fspend money in buying something，要說spend money on something 或spend money to buy something。不能說spend time to do something，而要說spend time in doing something。在主動語態(tài)中，spend(in) doing中的介詞in可以省略，在被動語態(tài)中則不能省略?！九e例】Three hours was spent in doing the work. 做這項工作花了三個小時的時間。Lesson 10: Touch the WorldI. Learning aims:Master the new words: planetary, Helen Keller, writer, educator, blind, deaf, illness, ability, Anne Sullivan, progress, community, greatly II. Learning important and difficult points: 1) Helen Keller, the well-known writer and educator, died yesterday at the age of 88.2) Before her illness, Helen was a bright and happy girl.3) Anne was filled with pride.4) She also learned to write and even speak.Language Points:1. blind【用法】作形容詞，意為“失明的、瞎的、盲目的”，在句中作表語或定語。另，the blind表示“盲人”，是集體名詞。【舉例】Her uncle is blind in both eyes. 她叔叔雙目失明。This is a very blind decision. 這是一個很盲目的決定。2. progress【用法】作不可數(shù)名詞，意為“進步、進展”，短語make progress表示“取得進步”?！九e例】Danny has made great progress recently. 丹尼近來取得了很大的進步?！居梅ā孔鞑患拔飫釉~，意為“發(fā)展、前進”?！九e例】The soldiers will progress on. 戰(zhàn)士們要繼續(xù)前進。3. Helen Keller, the well-known writer and educator, died yesterday at the age of 88. 海倫凱勒，著名的作家和教育家，昨天去世了，享年88歲?！居梅ā烤渲械腶t the age of 意為“在歲時”，后加基數(shù)詞的單數(shù)形式，用來表示年齡，可以與“when + 主語 + be + 年齡”替換?！九e例】He began to learn the accordion at the age of four. = He began to learn the accordion when he was four years old.他四歲時開始學手風琴?！就卣埂款愃频亩陶Z還有“in ones + 基數(shù)詞復數(shù)形式”，意思是“在多歲時”。【舉例】Mr. Wang went to America in his thirties. 王先生在他30多歲時去了美國。4. Before her illness, Helen was a bright and happy girl. 在得病之前，海倫是個聰明快樂的孩子?！居梅ā縝efore her illness是介詞短語，意為“在生病之前”，在句中作狀語。我們可以用時間狀語從句Before she was ill替換它。這種介詞短語作狀語的句式可用從句進行替換?！九e例】She didnt come to school because of illness. = She didnt come to school because she was ill. 由于疾病，她沒來上學。Nothing can live without air or water. = Nothing can live if there is no air or water. 沒有空氣和水什么都不能生存?！九e例】It is too late. Please stop playing games. 時間很晚了。請不要玩游戲了。Lesson 11: To China, with LoveI. Learning aims:Master the new words: Norman Bethune, graduate, Toronto, remain, anti, decision, aid, worst, condition, operate, government, medical II. Learning important and difficult points: 1) With a lot of hard work, he found new ways to help people with T.B.a disease that damages the lungs.2) Norman Bethune is well known for helping the Chinese people in the Anti-Japanese War.3) He once operated for sixty-nine hours straight without stopping.4) To remember him, the government set up Bethune Medical School and the Bethune International Hospital in Shijiazhuang.Language Points:1. With a lot of hard work, he found new ways to help people with T.B.a disease that damages the lungs. 經過很多艱苦的工作，他找到了幫助人們治療傷害人肺部的肺結核的方法?！居梅ā烤渲械膖o help people with T.B.a disease that damages the lungs是動詞不定式短語用在名詞way后作定語。不定式有時起形容詞作用修飾名詞或代詞，在句中作定語。不定式作定語時，它的位置在它所修飾的名詞或代詞之后。作式詞lo foress!_ _me to do is to cheer. 【舉例】Is there anyone to look after these children? 有人照看這些孩子嗎？Are there many places to see in Washington? 在華盛頓有許多可看的地方嗎？【拓展】如果不定式是不及物動詞，或者不定式所修飾的名詞或代詞是不定式動作的地點、工具等，不定式后面應加上介詞或副詞?！九e例】They have a lot of things to talk about. 他們有很多事情要談。Are there many places to see in Washington? 在華盛頓有許多可看的地方嗎？There is nothing to worry about.沒有什么可擔心的。 2. He once operated for sixty-nine hours straight without stopping. 他曾經沒有停下來而連續(xù)作了69個小時的手術?！居梅ā烤渲械膚ithout stopping 是介詞短語作狀語，修飾前面的動詞operate。介詞without后加名詞、代詞、動名詞構成介詞短語作狀語后可作狀語，意為“沒有”。【舉例】She went to school without having breakfast. 她沒吃早飯就去上學了。3. To remember him, the government set up Bethune Medical School and the Bethune International Hospital in Shijiazhuang. 為了記住他，政府在石家莊建了白求恩醫(yī)學院和白求恩國際醫(yī)院?！居梅ā烤渲械膖o remember him是動詞不定式短語用在句首作狀語，表示目的。不定式作狀語還可直接用在動詞后。【舉例】Emma came to see me yesterday morning. ?，斪蛱焐衔鐏砜次伊?。To learn English well, she went to in England. 為了學好英語，她去了英國。Lesson 12: Guess My Hero!I. Learning aims:Master the new words: crossword, puzzle, based, whom, anybody, chemistry II. Learning important and difficult points: 1) I thought about it as I walked to and from school.2) It would be somebody who I like very much.3) I said that this person was the same age as them.4) I told them that you made it for me.Language Points:1. I thought about it as I walked to and from school. 當我上學和放學時我都在考慮它?！居梅╳hen, while, as 都可引導時間狀語從句。這幾個詞都可以表示“當時候”，當它們引導的從句的謂語動詞是延續(xù)性的，三個詞可以互換。其中when的用法最廣，既可以表示比從句早或晚的動作，也可以表示與從句同時進行的動作，可以指時間點，也可以指時間段；并且它可以與短暫性動詞連用。as 表示與主句同時進行的動作，指時間點時可以與when互換。while 只指時間段，引導延續(xù)性動作；如表示與主句動作同時進行時，可與when, as 互換?！九e例】When (As, While) he talked on, he got more and more excited.他越談越激動。 （這句話中的主句和從句動詞動作同時進行，表示時間段）He hurried home, looking behind as he went. 他趕緊回家，一邊走一邊往后看。 （主句和從句動作平行，表示時間段）While the child was playing with his toys, his parents were reading. 孩子在玩玩具，他的父母在看書。(表示時間段，主句和從句都是同時進行的表示延續(xù)的動作) 2. I told them that you made it for me. 我告訴他們這是你給我做的?！居梅ā磕承┘拔飫釉~后面可以加兩個賓語，一個表示人，叫間接賓語；一個表示物，叫直接賓語，它們和在一起稱作雙賓語。雙賓語在句子的位置有兩種：主語 + 及物動詞 + 間接賓語 + 直接賓語主語 + 及物動詞 + 直接賓語 + 介詞 to 或 for + 間接賓語如果把間接賓語放在直接賓語之后，間接賓語前就應該加介詞to或for。這里加to 或for與動詞有關，能夠加to的動詞有：give, show, send, bring, read, pass, lend, leave, hand, tell, return, write, throw, promise, refuse, sell, take, teach, call, wish等。能夠加for的動詞有：make, buy, do, get, play, order, sing, dance, cook, pay, build, fill, find, prepare, save, win等?！九e例】He will make me a new kite. = He will make a new kite for me. 他要給我做一個新風箏。Grandpa often tells us stories. = Grandpa often tells stories to us. 爺爺經常給我們講故事。