Revision module B詞句精講精練詞匯精講1. 形容詞辨析：alive/lively/live/living（1）alive作形容詞，意為“有生命的，活的”，常作表語或后置定語。例如：He was alive when they took him to the hospital.人們把他送到醫(yī)院時他還活著。He is the only person alive in the accident. 他是這次事故中唯一活著的人。（2）lively作形容詞，意為“充滿活力的，活潑的，有生氣的”，常用作定語或表語。例如：She was a lively young woman with patience and imagination.她是個充滿活力的年輕女性，富有忍耐力和想象力。（3）live作形容詞，意為“活的，有生命的（主要用來指鳥或其他動物）；現(xiàn)場的，直播的”， 常作定語。例如：Look! There is a live fish in the pool. 看！池子里有一條活魚。We watched a live television show. 我們觀看了一場電視現(xiàn)場直播的表演。（4）living作形容詞，意為“活的，健在的”。例如：His grandpa is still living at the age of 96. 他爺爺96歲了，仍然健在。2. by the way/in the way/on the way/in a way（1）by the way意為“順便說一聲”。例如：By the way，have you seen Harry recently？順便說一句，你最近見過哈里嗎？（2）in the way有“擋路”的意思，還有“用這種方法”的意思。例如：Sorry, you are in the way. 對不起，你擋路了。In this way, he has collected a great many stamps.用這種方法他收集了大量的郵票。（3）on the way 意為“在去某地的路上”。例如：On the way to the station，I bought some chocolate.在去車站的路上我買了些巧克力。（4）in a way意為“從某種意義上說”。例如：Ina way, it is an important book.在某種意義上，這是一本重要的書。3. success/succeed/successful（1）success 作名詞，表示抽象意義的“成功”，是不可數(shù)名詞；表示具體意義的“成功的人或事”，則是可數(shù)名詞。例如：Failure is the mother of success. 失敗是成功之母。His new book was a great success. 他新出版的書獲得了巨大成功。（2）succeed作動詞，意為“成功”，是不及物動詞；表示做某事做成功了，succeed 后通常接in doing sth.。例如：His plan succeeded. 他的計劃成功了。At last he succeeded in solving the problem. 他終于把那個問題解決了。She succeeded in (passing) the exam. 她考試及格了。（3）successful作形容詞，意為“成功的”。例如：The performance was successful. 演出很成功。It was a successful experiment. 那是一次成功的試驗(yàn)。4. against against作介詞，其用法如下：（1）反對，違反。對應(yīng)的反義詞為for，常用于be against sb. / sth.反對某人/某事。例如： Are most people against having a part-time job? 大多數(shù)人反對做兼職工作嗎？（2）和交戰(zhàn)（指競爭、比賽等）。例如： Well have a basketball match against the team from No. 2 Middle School next week. 下星期我們將與二中的球隊舉行一場籃球賽。（3）倚著、靠著。例如： There was a ladder propped up(支撐) against the wall. 這有一把梯子靠著墻。（4）防備，抗。例如： She saved money against old age. 她攢錢防老。（5）逆著。例如： We are sailing against the wind. 我們（的船）正逆風(fēng)航行。（6）襯托，相映，對照。例如：Red flags stand out brightly against the blue sky. 紅旗在藍(lán)天的襯托下顯得分外鮮艷。5. borrow/lend/keep（1）borrow是“借進(jìn)”，即說話人向別人借東西供自己用，常用于borrow sth. from sb. / somewhere結(jié)構(gòu)，意為“從某人/某地借來某物”。例如：He borrowed a lot of money from the bank. 他從銀行借了很多錢。May I borrow your bike? 我可以借你的自行車嗎？You can borrow the book from the library. 你可以從圖書館借這本書。（2）lend是“借出”，即說話人把自己的東西借給別人用，常用于lend sth. to sb. 或lend sb. sth.結(jié)構(gòu)中，意為“借給某人某物”。例如：I dont like to lend my TV set to Tom. 我不想把電視機(jī)借給Tom。（3）keep 意為“保存”，是延續(xù)性動詞，borrow是瞬間動詞，如果與一段時間連用，要用keep代替borrow。例如：Can I keep the book a little longer? 我借這本書的時間能長點(diǎn)嗎？I have kept the book for two weeks. I will return it to the library this afternoon.這本書我已經(jīng)借了兩周了，今天下午我要把它還給圖書館。6. keep（1）keep作動詞，意思是“保持”，常見的結(jié)構(gòu)為keep+形容詞/動詞-ing形式，意為“使某物保持某種狀態(tài)”。例如： The cat keeps running after the rat, trying to catch it. 那只貓一直在追趕老鼠，想要抓住它。 I need to keep fit. 我需要保持健康。Please keep quiet. 請保持安靜。（2）keep的后面還可以用keep sb. doing sth.，表示“讓某人一直做某事”。例如： You keep me waiting for half an hour.你讓我等了半個小時。7. present（1）present作形容詞，意為“出席的,在場的”；“現(xiàn)在的,當(dāng)前的”。例如：How many people were present at the meeting? 到會的有多少人? Im not at all satisfied with the present situation. 我對目前的情況一點(diǎn)都不滿意。 （2）present作名詞，the present意為“現(xiàn)在,目前”；“禮物,贈品”。例如：There is no time like the present. 機(jī)不可失，時不再來。 He often gave his neighbors kids little presents. 他常常送些小禮物給鄰居的孩子。（3）present作動詞，意為“贈送,呈獻(xiàn)”，后接to/with。例如：They presented him with a bunch of flowers. 他們獻(xiàn)給他一束鮮花。 8. receive receive作動詞，意為“收到，接到，得到”，其后可接介詞from。例如：I received a letter from my mother. 我收到母親的一封來信?！就卣埂縭eceive與accept的辨析：兩個詞都作動詞用，都表示“接受，收到”之意，但在用法上有所不同。receive表示的行為與主觀意愿沒有關(guān)系，著重于行為本身，不涉及收到者是否同意。動作本身有一定的被動性。accept表示的行為由主語的主觀意志所決定，強(qiáng)調(diào)經(jīng)過主語的考慮而接受。動作本身是主動的。例如：I received his invitation to the party yesterday, but I refused to accept it.我昨天收到了他的晚會請柬，但我拒絕接受。9. dis-; -able等前綴、后綴構(gòu)詞法（1）前綴1) dis-主要用在動詞之前或名詞和形容詞前，表示相反意義。例如：disappear消失；dislike不喜歡；discover發(fā)現(xiàn)；disobey不遵守；disbelieve不相信；disadvantage不利條件；dishonest不誠實(shí)的 2) in-; im-; un-; il-; ir-用在形容詞前，表示否定意義。例如：indirect間接的；incorrect不正確的；inactive不活動的；impossible不可能的；unable不能的；unhealthy不健康的；unsuccessful不成功的；illegal非法的；irregular不規(guī)則的 3) re-用在動詞前，表示“重新，再”。例如： rebuild重建；recycle再循環(huán)；reconsider重新考慮（2）后綴 1) able：名詞或動詞變?yōu)樾稳菰~，表示“可的；顯示性質(zhì)”。例如：respectable可敬的；eatable可吃的；comfortable舒服的；valuable有價值的；fashionable時髦的；loveable可愛的。 2) ful：名詞或動詞變?yōu)樾稳菰~，表示“充滿的”。例如：beautiful漂亮的；successful成功的；wonderful精彩的；hopeful有希望的 3) less：名詞變?yōu)樾稳菰~，表示“沒有的”。例如：jobless無業(yè)的；homeless無家可歸的；helpless無助的 4) ous：名詞變?yōu)樾稳菰~，表示“具有性質(zhì)的”。例如：dangerous危險的；humorous幽默的 5) er/-or動詞變?yōu)槊~，表示“的人/物”。例如：player選手；writer作家；driver駕駛員 actor演員（尤指男演員）詞匯精練I. 英漢互譯。1. make sense_ 2. 順便說一下_3. 遭受_ 4. take pride in_5. protect . against . _ 6. 由制成_7. hear from sb._ 8. allow sb. to do sth._9. keep away_ 10. cut off _II. 用括號中所給單詞適當(dāng)形式填空（每空不限一詞）。1. These kinds of machines _(make) in Shanghai.2. English _(learn) as the second language by most student in China.3. A new book _(write) in Chinese next year.4. Many students in Zhoushan _(send) to the schools in Lanzhou in September, xx.5. Im sure you can make the camel _(lie) down6. The thing that _(surprise) us most in London was fog7. Lily met with many _ (difficult) on her visit to Xian. 8. In the end, Aunt Li _ (choose) to go to the airport by taxi. 9. Try _(call) him. Maybe he is at home now.10. She likes working in the field instead of _(stay) at home.III. 用方框中所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空，使短文通順、正確、連貫(每個單詞限用一次)。possible，other，they，do，true，someone，dream，by，impossible，morning，turn，reallyGrow Great by Dreams The question was once asked of a highly successful businessman：“How have you 1 so much in your lifetime?” He replied，“I have dreamedI have 2 them into what I wanted to doThen I have gone to bed and thought about my 3 In the night I dreamt about my dreamsAnd when I woke in the 4 ，I saw the way to make my dreams realWhile other people were saying，You cant do that；it isnt 5 ， I was well on my way to reach what I wanted”As Woodrow Wilson，28th President of the U. S.，said，“We grow great 6 dreamsAll big men are dreamers” They see things in the soft fog of a spring day，or in the red fire on a long winters eveningSome of us let these great dreams die，but 7 nourish(滋養(yǎng)) and protect them；nourish them through bad days until they bring 8 to the sunshine and light which comes always to those who sincerely hope that their dreams will come 9 So please，dont let 10 steal your dream，or try to tell you they are too impossible “Sing your song，dream your dreams，hope your hope and pray your prayer”【參考答案】I. 根據(jù)漢語或首字母提示完成下列句子。1. 有意義，合理 2. by the way3. suffer from 4. 以為自豪5. 保護(hù)不受；使不受 6. be made of/from7. 收到某人的來信 8. 允許某人做某事9. 避開；躲開；使遠(yuǎn)離 10. 切斷；隔絕；斷絕II. 用括號中所給單詞適當(dāng)形式填空（每空不限一詞）。1. are made 2. is learned 3. will be written 4. were sent 5. lie6. surprised 7. difficulties 8. chose 9. calling10. stayingIII. 用方框中所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空，使短文通順、正確、連貫(每個單詞限用一次)。1done 2turned 3dreams 4morning 5possible6by 7others 8them 9true 10anyone 句式精講1. but I suppose he isnt as well-known as Confucius or Shakespeare. （1）動詞suppose意為“猜想、假設(shè)”，suppose后接后面用that從句，that可以省略。例如：I suppose he is not yet twenty. 我猜想他不到二十歲。（2）be supposed to后面用動詞原形，表示“被期望做某事、應(yīng)該做某事”，相當(dāng)于情態(tài)動詞should。例如：You are supposed to say hello to the foreigners. 你應(yīng)該跟這些外賓打招呼?！就卣埂浚?）當(dāng)句子的主語是人的時候，be supposed to表示“應(yīng)該做某事、被期望做某事”，經(jīng)常用來表示勸告、建議、義務(wù)和責(zé)任等。這里be supposed to相當(dāng)于情態(tài)動詞should。例如： You are supposed to ask our teacher if you want to leave the classroom. 如果你要離開教室，應(yīng)該先問一問我們的老師。（2）當(dāng)句子的主語是物的時候，be supposed to表示“本應(yīng)該”的意思，經(jīng)常用來表示某事物本應(yīng)該發(fā)生而沒有發(fā)生。例如： The meeting was supposed to take place on Tuesday, but we have to put it off. 這個會議本應(yīng)該在星期二舉行，但我們不得不把他推遲了。（3）短語be supposed to do sth.的否定形式是be not supposed to do sth.，表示“命令和禁止”，意為“不應(yīng)該做某事”。例如：You are not supposed to talk loudly in class. 你不應(yīng)該在課堂上大聲交談。（4） be supposed to的后面接have+過去分詞，表示“本應(yīng)該做完的事情而沒有做完”。 例如：My mother is supposed to have arrived an hour ago. 我的媽媽應(yīng)該一個小時前就到了。2. Paper and printing have been used for ages. （1）be used for意為“被用來做”，介詞for表示用途，后接名詞或動名詞。例如：A pen is used for writing. 鋼筆是被用來寫字的。 （2）be used as意為“被用作”，介詞as表示“作為”。例如：English is used as the second language in many countries. 英語在許多國家被當(dāng)作第二語言使用。 （3）be used by意為“被使用”，介詞by后面接動詞的執(zhí)行者。例如：English is used by travelers and business people all over the world. 英語被全世界旅行者和商人們使用。3. Does it lie off the northeast coast of Australia?lie是動詞，意為“躺；位于”，過去式和過去分詞分別為lay和lain，現(xiàn)在分詞為lying。例如：I found he was lying on the ground. 我發(fā)現(xiàn)他躺在地上。A temple lies on the top of the mountain. 一座寺廟位于山頂之上?！就卣埂浚?）lie作動詞時，也可意為“撒謊”，過去式和過去分詞是規(guī)則的，均為lied。lie也可用作名詞，意為“謊言”。例如： Dont lie to me.不要向我撒謊。 The boy told a lie to me. 這個男孩向我撒了謊。原形詞義過去式過去分詞現(xiàn)在分詞lie躺；位于laylainlyinglie說謊liedliedlying（2）英語中，部分以-ie結(jié)尾的動詞的-ing形式必須改ie為y再加-ing。例如： die dying tie tying lie lying4and who is protecting her books against the showers.protect作動詞，意為“保護(hù)，防御，防護(hù)”。常與介詞against/from連用。protectfrom/against意為“保護(hù)免受”，通常指使人或物免受危險、侵害或傷害。但較大的事件如天災(zāi)多用against，小事件如冷氣則用from。例如： She protected her eyes from the sun with her hand.她用手遮住太陽以保護(hù)她的眼睛。He raised his arm to protect his child from hurt.他伸出手去，保護(hù)他的孩子免受傷害。 The farmer found all ways to protect plants against frost.這個農(nóng)民想盡一切辦法保護(hù)植物免受霜凍。5. when shopping and not ask for a plastic bag?ask for sth.“請求某事，要某物”，相當(dāng)于want sth.。 ask sb. for sth.“向某人要某物或請求幫助”。例如： Please ask for help if you have some problems. 如果你有問題，請尋求幫助。 If you dont find the way to the school, please ask a policeman for help. 如果你找不到去學(xué)校的路，請向警察求助?！就卣埂?（1）ask sb. sth. 表示“問某人某事”。例如： Can I ask you some questions? 我能問你一些問題嗎？ （2）ask sb. to do sth.“讓某人做某事”，其否定形式為ask sb. not to do sth.“讓某人不要做某事”。例如：I often ask him to help me with my housework. 我經(jīng)常讓他幫助我做家務(wù)。My mother asked me not to read in the sun.媽媽讓我不要在太陽下看書。（3）ask sb. about sth.意為“詢問某人有關(guān)某事；向某人打聽某事”。例如： My father often calls me up and asks me about my study. 爸爸經(jīng)常給我打電話，詢問我的學(xué)習(xí)情況。句式精練I. 按要求完成句子。1How do you like the story?(改為同義句) _ do you _ _ the story?2I hope Ill be back soon(改為簡單句) I hope _ _ back soon3Jim showed his photos to me last Sunday(改為同義句) Jim _ _ his photos last Sunday4Would you mind if I use your bike?(改為同義句) Would you mind _ _ your bike?5Its the most enjoyable journey that I have ever had(改為同義句) I have _ had _ an enjoyable journey before6The boy is very young，so he cant join the army(改為同義句) The boy is _ young _ join the army7His father worked in a factoryThis factory makes TV sets(合并成含有定語從句的復(fù)合句) His father worked in a factory _ _ TV sets8He was an English teacherHe loved climbing(合并成含有定語從句的復(fù)合句) He was an English teacher_ _ climbing9It is not possible to clean up the river in two days _ _ to clean up the river in two days10It is full of hope for the team to win the match It _ _ for the team to win the matchII. 根據(jù)漢語提示，完成句子。1我必須到銀行去取點(diǎn)錢。 I _ _ _ go to the bank to get some money2你對你的新校長看法如何? What do you _ _ your new headmaster?3我喜歡吃水果，比如蘋果、梨、香蕉等等。 I like fruits，_ _ apples，pears，bananas.4他有很多錢。向他借點(diǎn)吧。 He has _ _ moneyBorrow some5你跟他再多說也是沒用的。 Its _ _ _ any more words on him6. 雖然我們年級小，我們?nèi)阅転楸Ｗo(hù)環(huán)境做一些事情。_ we are young, we can still _ _to protect the environment.7. 乘公交車去那兒花了我五分鐘。It_ me five minutes _ _there by bus. 8我很抱歉，讓你久等了。Im sorry to _ _ _ so long9. 你知道這些紙是絲制的嗎？Do you know that the paper _ _ _ silk?10. 地球上有數(shù)以百萬計的生物。There are _ _ living things on the earth. III. 補(bǔ)全對話。請閱讀下面對話，從方框內(nèi)7個選項(xiàng)中選擇5個恰當(dāng)?shù)木渥油瓿蓪υ?。其中有兩個句子是多余的。（D=Darren, C= Carol）D: Hi, Carol! 1 C: Oh, hi, Darren. Im just getting ready for the Red Nose Day concert tomorrow.D: Oh, really? Well, Im free this afternoon. 2 C: Actually, Ive nearly finished. Jim and I are going to put up some ads later, though. Could you please help us with that?D: 3 C: Thats wonderful! Oh, theres one more thing. Would you mind coming early tomorrow to help sell tickets at the door?D: Not at all, 4 C: Around six would be great.D: OK. 5 C: Great. Thanks, Darren. A. No problem.B. See you then.C. Of course not.D. What are you doing?E. Can I give you a hand?F. What time shall I be there?G. Have you finished your homework?【參考答案】I. 按要求完成句子。1What；think of 2to be 3showed me 4me using5never；such 6too；to 7which/that makes 8who loved9Its impossible 10is hopeful II. 根據(jù)漢語提示，完成句子。1have got to 2think of 3such as 4so much 5no use wasting6. Though/Although; do something 7. took; to get 8keep you waiting9. is made from 10. millions of III. 補(bǔ)全對話。 1-5 DEAFB