第11講八年級(jí)(下)Units34,山西專用,1cloud(n.)(adj.)多云的2fold(v.)(反義詞)(使)展開；打開3sweep(v.)(過去式/過去分詞)掃；打掃4throw(v.)(過去式)(過去分詞)扔；擲5lend(v.)(過去式/過去分詞)供給；借出(反義詞)借；借用6develop(v.)(n.)發(fā)展；發(fā)育；成長(zhǎng)(adj.)發(fā)展中的(adj.)發(fā)達(dá)的7drop(v.)(過去式/過去分詞)落下；掉下8communicate(v.)_(n.)交流；溝通9argue(v.)(n.)爭(zhēng)論；爭(zhēng)吵,cloudy,unfold,swept,threw,thrown,lent,borrow,development,developing,developed,dropped,communication,argument,10explain(v.)(過去式/過去分詞)解釋；說明(n.)解釋；說明11compare(n.)比較；對(duì)照12fair(adj.)(n.)公正性；公平性(反義詞)不公平的；不公正的13ill(adj.)(n.)疾病；病14proper(adj.)(adv.)正確地；適當(dāng)?shù)?5clear(adj.)(adv.)清楚地；清晰地；明白地16typical(adj.)(adv.)典型地17usual(adj.)(反義詞)不尋常的；與眾不同的(adv.)通常地；一般地18two(num.)(adv.)第二；其次,explained,explanation,comparison,fairness,unfair,illness,properly,clearly,typically,unusual,usually,second,1倒垃圾_2頻繁，反復(fù)_3一就，盡快_4目的是，為了_5依靠，依賴_6照顧，處理_7快速查看，瀏覽_8重要的事_,takeouttherubbish,againandagain,assoonas,inorderto,dependon,takecareof,lookthrough,bigdeal,9成功地發(fā)展，解決_10和睦相處，關(guān)系良好_11刪除，刪去_12比較，對(duì)比_13依看_14吃驚地，驚訝地_15過來，順便拜訪_,workout,getonwith,cutout,compare.with,inonesopinion,insurprise,comeover,1_sweepthefloor？“你能掃一下地板嗎？”Yes，_.“好的，當(dāng)然可以。”2Theyshouldspendtheirtimeonschoolwork_getgoodgradesand_agooduniversity.他們應(yīng)該將時(shí)間花在學(xué)業(yè)上，為的是取得好成績(jī)并考上好大學(xué)。3Also，whentheygetolder，theywillhavetodohousework，so_forthem_now.而且，當(dāng)他們長(zhǎng)大后，他們將必須做家務(wù)，所以他們現(xiàn)在沒必要做家務(wù)。4Ithink_isnotsodifficult.I_them.我認(rèn)為做家務(wù)并不是很難，我并不介意做家務(wù)。5Ifoundmysister_mythingsyesterday.昨天我發(fā)現(xiàn)我妹妹在翻閱我的東西。,Couldyouplease,sure,inorderto,getinto,thereisnoneed,todoit,doingchores,dontminddoing,lookingthrough,6Insteadhewatches_untillateatnight.相反，他想看什么就看什么，一直看到深夜。7_kidslearntobeindependent，_itisfortheirfuture.孩子們?cè)皆鐚W(xué)會(huì)獨(dú)立，對(duì)他們的未來就越好。8_thesefeelingswithyourfamily？你為何不與你的家人談?wù)勥@些感受呢？9People_theirkidssohard.人們不該把自己的孩子逼得太緊。10Theyarealways_them_otherchildren.他們總是把他們(自己的孩子)和其他孩子做比較。,whateverhewants,Theearlier,thebetter,Whydontyoutalkabout,shouldntpush,comparing,with,11Imstill_her.我還是生她的氣。12Althoughsheswrong，itsnota_盡管她錯(cuò)了，但這并不是什么大不了的事。13Hopethings_希望事情會(huì)好起來。14MaybeIcould_afewoftheiractivities，butIbelievetheseactivitiesareimportantformychildrensfuture.或許我可以舍棄(放棄)他們的幾個(gè)活動(dòng)，但是我相信這些活動(dòng)對(duì)我孩子們的未來是重要的。15Doctorssay_pressureisnt_achildsdevelopment.醫(yī)生們說太多的壓力不利于一個(gè)孩子的發(fā)展。,angrywith,bigdeal,workout,cutout,toomuch,goodfor,提出禮貌的請(qǐng)求和請(qǐng)求允許(Makepoliterequestsandaskforpermission)1Peter，couldyoupleasetakeouttherubbish?Sure/Certainly/Ofcourse/Yes，Mom.2CouldIuseyourcomputer?Sorry./Sorry，youcant.Imgoingtoworkonitnow.談?wù)搯栴}(talkaboutproblems)Youlooktired.Whatsthematter/Whatswrong?IstudieduntilmidnightsoIdidntgetenoughsleep.,給出建議(Giveadvice)1WhatshouldIdo?Whydontyouforgetaboutit?Althoughsheswrong，itsnotabigdeal.2Whatshouldhedo?Heshouldtalktohisfriendsothathecansayhessorry.3Maybeyoucouldgotohishouse.IguessIcould，butIdontwanttosurprisehim.,1could表禮貌請(qǐng)求和允許(見本書P187)2連詞(until，sothat和although)(見本書P177),1Youlookunhappy，John._?Well，Ifoundmymotherlookingthroughmymobilephoneyesterday.(2015，山西29題)AYouwanttorestBWhatswrongCHowdoyoudo2_?Sorry.ThereisnoonenamedGary.Youmusthavethewrongnumber.(2014，山西28題)ACanIhelpyouBWhatsthematterCIsthatGaryspeaking,B,C,3AstudentinFudanUniversitywaskilledbyhisroommatejustbecauseofsmallthingsindailylife.Itisimportantforstudentstolearnhowto_eachother.(2013，山西18題)AgetonwithBcomeovertoCstayawayfrom4Nobodybelievesa90yearoldcouldrunamarathon_shepassedthefinishingline.Peopleofallagescanchallengethemselves.(2012，山西22題)AifBsinceCuntil,A,C,compare【典例在線】Ifyoucomparethetwobooks，youwillfindthatthisoneisbetter.如果你比較一下這兩本書，就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)這一本更好。Compareyouranswerswiththose，youwillseeiftheyareright.把你的答案與那些對(duì)照一下，你就會(huì)知道它們是否正確。Shakespearecomparedtheworldtoastage.莎士比亞把世界比作一個(gè)舞臺(tái)?！就卣咕觥縞ompare作及物動(dòng)詞，意為“比較”，compare.with.“把與作比較”，常用于同類比較。而compare.to.“把比作”，常用于異類比較、比喻。,【活學(xué)活用】1)Teachersareoften_burningcandles.AcomparedtoBcomparedwithCcomparedfrom,A,inorderto【典例在線】Inordertogetacompletepicture，furtherinformationisneeded.為了掌握全面情況，還需要詳細(xì)資料?！就卣咕觥縤norderto意為“目的是；為了”，比單純的todo更強(qiáng)調(diào)“目的”，可以放在句首，也可以放在句中。其否定形式為inordernottodo。【活學(xué)活用】2)ManypeoplegivemoneytoProjectHope_helpthepoorchildrentogotoschool.AassoonasBsothatCinorderto,C,while【典例在線】Iwastakingabathwhilemymotherwaspreparingdinner.我媽媽準(zhǔn)備晚餐的時(shí)候，我正在洗澡。TomwaswatchingTVwhile(hewas)eating.湯姆邊吃東西邊看電視?！就卣咕觥縲hile作從屬連詞，意為“當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)候；在期間”，引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句，其謂語動(dòng)詞必須為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。它強(qiáng)調(diào)主句的動(dòng)作在從句動(dòng)作的過程中發(fā)生，或者主句的動(dòng)作與從句的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，且持續(xù)時(shí)間一般較長(zhǎng)。當(dāng)while所引導(dǎo)的從句與主句的主語相同，且該從句的動(dòng)詞為be動(dòng)詞時(shí)，從句的主語和be動(dòng)詞有時(shí)可以省略。,【活學(xué)活用】3)_thechildrenhavefun，parentscantakedancinglessonsonthebeach.AThoughBIfCWhileDOnce4)BobtookaphotoofhisgirlfriendwhilesheBattheparty.(2015，資陽)AdancesBwasdancingChasdancedDisdancing,C,mind【典例在線】DoyoumindifIopenthewindow？如果我打開窗戶，你會(huì)介意嗎？Wouldyoumindparkingyourcarthere？你介意把車停到那邊嗎？Notatall.不介意?！就卣咕觥縨ind動(dòng)詞，意為“介意；在乎”，后常接從句或動(dòng)名詞作賓語，不能接動(dòng)詞不定式。Wouldyoumind.？是交際用語中表示“請(qǐng)求”的常用句型，意為“你介意嗎？”其肯定回答(即不介意對(duì)方做某事)常用：Notatall./Certainlynot./Ofcoursenot.等。否定回答(即介意對(duì)方做某事)常用：Imsorry，but./Imafraidyoucant./Yes，youdbetternot.等。,【活學(xué)活用】5)Itstoocoldtoday.Wouldyoumind_thewindow？(2015，安順)Certainlynot.Goahead.AtocloseBclosingCclose6)Wouldyoumindworkinginthecountryside?A.Iwillbegladtoworkthere.(2015，重慶)AOfcoursenotBImafraidsoCYoudbetternot,B,allow【典例在線】Whoallowedyoutoleavethecamp？誰允許你離開營地的？Theyallowedsmokinginthisroomonly.他們只允許在這個(gè)房間里抽煙。Youarenotallowedtosmokehere.這里不允許吸煙?！就卣咕觥縜llow動(dòng)詞，意為“允許；準(zhǔn)許”。allowsb.todosth.允許某人做某事allowdoingsth.允許做某事beallowedtodosth.被允許做某事,【活學(xué)活用】7)Myparentsdidntallowme_totheparty.(2015，天津)AgoBtogoCgoesDwent8)Inourschool，boysarenot_(allow)tohavelonghair.,B,allowed,assoonas【典例在線】Thebabybegantocryassoonasshesawhermother.那個(gè)嬰兒一看見她媽媽就開始哭。Wellgotoplaybasketballassoonastherainstopstomorrow.明天雨一停我們就出去打籃球?！就卣咕觥縜ssoonas意為“一就”，引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句。在使用時(shí)，要注意主、從句時(shí)態(tài)一致。當(dāng)主句是一般將來時(shí)或過去時(shí)時(shí)，從句應(yīng)使用對(duì)應(yīng)的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或過去時(shí)。,【活學(xué)活用】9)WouldyoupleasegivethisnewlypublishednoveltoJack？(2015，泰安)Certainly，_hecomesback.AbeforeBassoonasCuntilDunless,B,Foroneweek，shedidnotdoanyhouseworkandneitherdidI有一個(gè)星期，她沒做任何家務(wù)，我也沒做。【典例在線】Shedoesntliketea.NeitherdoI她不喜歡茶，我也不喜歡。Shecannotswimandneithercanhersister.她不會(huì)游泳，她的妹妹也不會(huì)。Theywillplaysoccertomorrow.他們明天去踢足球。Sowillwe.我們也去。SheknowslittleEnglish.她英語懂得不多。Soshedoes.她的確如此。,【拓展精析】neither作副詞，意為“也不”。NeitherdidI是一個(gè)倒裝句?！皀either助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞/系動(dòng)詞主語”，表示前面敘述的否定情況也適合另一個(gè)人或物。“So助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞/系動(dòng)詞主語”表示與上述的肯定情況相同?！癝o主語助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞/系動(dòng)詞”表示強(qiáng)調(diào)，即對(duì)前面所說的情況加以肯定?！净顚W(xué)活用】1)Ithinkyouaredifferentnow.(2016，攀枝花)Ofcourse，timeshavechangedand_AsohaveIBsoIhaveCneitherhaveIDneitherIhave,A,Theearlierkidslearntobeindependent，thebetteritisfortheirfuture.孩子們?cè)皆鐚W(xué)會(huì)獨(dú)立，對(duì)他們的未來就越好。【典例在線】Themoreyoueat，thefatteryouwillbe.吃得越多，你就越胖。Ourcountryisbecomingmoreandmorebeautiful.我們的國家正變得越來越美麗?！就卣咕觥俊皌he比較級(jí)，the比較級(jí)”意思是“越，就越”。“比較級(jí)and比較級(jí)”意思是“越來越”。,【活學(xué)活用】2)“FoodSafety”problemisbecoming_thesedays.Ithinkso.Thegovernmentmustdosomethingtodealwithit.(2016，濱州)AsmallerandsmallerBworseandworseCbetterandbetterDnicerandnicer3)Royneverlikesjunkfood.NeitherdoIThatsprobablywhyImbecoming_now.(2016，達(dá)州)AhealthyandweakBhealthierandhealthierCweakerandweakerDmoreandmorehealthily,B,B,Whydontyoutalktoyourparents？你為什么不和你的父母談?wù)勀?？【典例在線】Whydontyoubuyasuitforyourhusband？你為什么不給你丈夫買一套西服呢？WhynotlearnsomeChinesepopsongs？為什么不學(xué)一些中國的流行歌曲呢？What/Howaboutgoingforawalk？去散步怎么樣？,【拓展精析】Whydontyoudosth.？Whynotdosth.？是提建議的一種表達(dá)方式。類似的表達(dá)方式還有：What/Howaboutdoingsth.?Shallwedosth.?Letsdosth.Youdbetterdosth.其肯定答語為“Goodidea！/OK./Wonderful！/Great！/Soundsgood！”等；其否定答語為“Sorry，but.”等。,【活學(xué)活用】4)Itssohottoday.Why_goswimming?Soundsgreat!AnotBdontCdoyouDnotyou5)Look！Itsrainingheavily！_takearaincoatwithyou?Well，Illtakeonerightnow.(2014，阜康)AWhynotBWhydontCWouldyoumindDWouldyoulike6)ItsagoodchancetogotoShanghai._yougiveitup?Well，Illcatchit.AWhydontBWhynotCWouldyoulikeDWouldyoumind,A,A,A,borrow，lend與keep【典例在線】IborrowedabookfromJackyesterday.昨天我從杰克那里借了一本書。Jacklentmeabookyesterday./Jacklentabooktomeyesterday.昨天杰克借給我一本書。HowlongcanIkeepthebook？這本書我可以借用多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間？,【拓展精析】borrow指“借入”或“借他人的東西供自己使用”。固定短語borrowsth.fromsb.意為“向某人借某物”。lend指“(把自己的東西)借出”。固定短語lendsb.sth.或lendsth.tosb.意為“借給某人某物”。keep意為“保存；保留”，可引申為“借用”，此時(shí)常與一段時(shí)間或howlong等連用。,【活學(xué)活用】1)Jim，canI_yourcar?Sorry，I_ittoStevenjustnow.Howlongwillhe_it?Twodays.2)Tobuyhouse，he_muchmoneyfromhisrelativesandfriends.AkeptBboughtCborrowed,borrow,lent,keep,C,provide與offer【典例在線】Theyprovidedthechildrenwithgoodfoodandclothing.他們給孩子們提供了健康的食物和優(yōu)質(zhì)的衣服。Themanageroffersajobtomeinhiscompany.那個(gè)經(jīng)理在他的公司里給我提供了一份工作。,【拓展精析】,【活學(xué)活用】3)Thatcompany_(提供)uswith3，000dollarsin2015.4)Parentsoften_theirchildrensomegoodadvice.(2014，蘭州)Aoffer；withBoffer；/Cprovide；withDbothBandC,provided,D,instead，insteadof與ratherthan【典例在線】LastsummerIwenttoQingdao.ThissummerImgoingtoDalianinstead.去年夏天我去了青島。今年夏天我將改去大連。Weshoulddosomethinginsteadofjusttalkingaboutit.Weshoulddosomethingratherthanjusttalkaboutit.我們不應(yīng)該只是談?wù)?，而?yīng)該做點(diǎn)什么?！就卣咕觥縤nstead作副詞，意為“代替；而不是”，常位于句首或句末。insteadof和ratherthan都可以表示“而不是”，常位于句中，兩者都可接名詞、代詞等作賓語。其后接動(dòng)詞時(shí)，insteadof后接v.ing而ratherthan后常接動(dòng)詞原形。,【活學(xué)活用】5)Ifyourebusy，youmaycomeanotherday_6)Hewouldplaycomputergames_dohishomework.7)Youshouldtryyourbesttofinishit_givingup.,instead,ratherthan,insteadof,