Unit 2 Working the land一、閱讀理解Nowadays a third of primary schoolchildren in China are suffering from psychological ill-health as a result of classroom stress and parental pressure, according to a study published on Tuesday. The problem is so bad that urgent measures are needed, warns the study, led by British and Chinese researchers. The investigation surveyed 2, 191 pupils aged 9 to 12 in nine schools in urban and rural Zhejiang, a relatively prosperous coastal province in eastern China. Eighty-one percent of the youngsters said they worried “a lot” about exams, 63 percent feared being punished by their teachers, 44 percent had been physically bullied at least sometimeswith boys likelier to be victims than girlsand 73 percent had been physically punished by their parents. Most of the children plained they struggled to cope with the amount of homework they were assigned. Over one-third reported headaches or abdominal painspsychosomatic symptoms of stressat least once a week. The most stressed children reported incidence of aches or pains of four times a week. The investigation, led by Therese Hesketh, a professor at University College London (UCL) Centre for International Health and Development, pointed the finger at extreme petitiveness in Chinas education system, from the onset of primary school. “The petitive and punitive educational environment leads to high levels of stress and psychosomatic symptoms, ” the authors say. “Measures to reduce unnecessary stress on children in schools should be introduced urgently. ”The paper appears in Archives of Disease in Childhood, a peer-reviewed journal of the British Medical Association (BMA). The “urban” setting for the study was Hangzhou, the provincial capital of Zhejiang, while the “rural” setting was a poor county in Quzhou prefecture, in the west of the province. The study highlights some of the plexities that, it says, explain the demands for academic excellence and intolerance of failure. One factor is the countrys dramatic rise in prosperity, which has created “previously unheard-of possibilities for upward mobility” and in turn stoked pressures on children to do well at school. Other reasons are Chinas one-child policy and the Confucian traditions of respect for parents and elders, filial piety, obedience and discipline. “The aspirations of many parents, who had limited educational opportunities themselves are now invested in their only children, ” it says. Previous studies on school-related stress and its impact on health are few and generally e from Scandinavia. A 2008 assessment among 10-to 13-year-old in Sweden found that 21 percent of boys and 30 percent of girls experienced headache, and 17 percent of boys and 28 percent of girls experienced abdominal pain at least once per week. 【文章大意】本文是一篇報(bào)告。文章講述了中國孩子們在面對大量考試中, 所承受的精神上和身體上的壓力, 以至于他們產(chǎn)生了很多不良現(xiàn)象。1. What mainly caused schoolchildren to suffer from psychological ill-health? A. petitiveness in education system. B. Classroom stress and parental pressure. C. Physical punishment from their parents. D. Endless homework from school teachers. 【解析】選B。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段中的“as a result of classroom stress and parental pressure, according to a study published on Tuesday. ”可知B正確。2. The underlined part “cope with” in Para. 5 most probably means _. A. to fit inB. to adapt toC. to deal withD. to get along with【解析】選C。詞義猜測題。根據(jù)文章中的“Most of the children plained they struggled to cope with the amount of homework they were assigned. ”可知: 大多數(shù)孩子抱怨他們掙扎著處理作業(yè)。猜測cope with意為: 處理。3. What can we infer from the passage? A. More and more schoolchildren will drop out of school soon. B. Homework and examinations will be cancelled at all schools. C. Parents and teachers will give up educating the schoolchildren. D. Too much stress does great harm to schoolchildren physically and mentally. 【解析】選D。推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章的第四段和第六段中的“Over one-third reported headaches or abdominal painspsychosomatic symptoms of stressat least once a week. ”可知D正確。4. What is the main idea of the passage? A. Children in China sickened by school pressure. B. Measures to reduce unnecessary stress on children. C. The investigation, led by University College London. D. Extreme petitiveness in Chinas education system. 【解析】選A。主旨大意題。文章通篇談?wù)摰氖? 中國的孩子們在精神上和身體上承受很多壓力之后, 出現(xiàn)的多種病態(tài)的表現(xiàn)。所以A正確。二、單句語法填空1(2017江蘇高考)_(determine) where we are in relation to our surroundings remains an essential skill for our survival.答案：Determining分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，應(yīng)用動(dòng)名詞短語作主語，即本句中Determining where we are in relation to our surroundings作主語，remains是謂語動(dòng)詞。2The _(produce) of coffee beans is a huge, profitable business.答案：production由設(shè)空前的“the”和后面的“of”可知，應(yīng)填所給詞的名詞形式。production “生產(chǎn)；制造”。3Nowadays, children have more _(free); they can do whatever they like.答案：freedomfreedom 名詞“自由”，在本句中作賓語。4Cats can help rid the home _mice.答案：ofrid . of “使擺脫或除去”。5A heavy fire reduced 90 percent of the houses _ashes.答案：toreduce . to . “使淪為”。6I bitterly _(regret) that I had missed the wonderful film.答案：regretted所填詞由bitterly(副詞)修飾，且由從句中had missed可知，此處用動(dòng)詞的一般過去時(shí)。7It is _(disturb) to think about so much work to do.答案：disturbingdisturbing “令人不安的”，在句中作表語。8The discovery of new evidence led to the thiefs _(catch)答案：being caught本句中，lead to后接名詞或動(dòng)名詞(短語)，且the thief和catch存在被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故填being caught，即動(dòng)名詞的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)，作lead to的賓語。9I am not _(satisfy) with the way he cut my hair.答案：satisfiedbe satisfied with . 為固定短語，意為“對感到滿意”。10Though he is young, he is struggling _(support) a large family.答案：to supportstruggle to do sth. “努力做某事”。三、完形填空Two things changed my life: my mother and a white plastic bike basket. I have thought long and hard about it and its true. I would be a different person if my mom hadnt _1_ a silly bicycle accessory into a life lesson I carry with me today.My mother and father were _2_ in their way of raising children, but it mostly fell to my mother to actually carry it out. Looking back, I _3_ dont know how she did it. Managing the family budget must have been a very hard task, but she made it look _4_ . We had to keep _5_ of our belongings, and if something was lost, it was not _6_ .One day, my mother drove me to the bike shop to get a tire _7_ and it was in the window, white, shiny,plastic and _8_ with flowers, the basket winked at me and I knewI knewI had to have it.“Its beautiful,” my mother said when I pointed it out to her, “What a neat basket.”I tried to _9_ at first, I played it cool for a short while. But then I guess I couldnt stand it_10_ :“Mom, please, can I please, get it? Ill do extra chores for _11_ you say, Ill do anything, but I need that basket, I love that basket. Please ,Mom .Please?”“You know,” she said, “If you _12_ you could buy this yourself.”“By the time I make enough itll be gone!”“There might be _13_ way,” she said.And so our paying plan _14_. My mother bought the beautiful basket and put it safely in some hiding place I couldnt find. Each week I _15_ counted my growing saving increased by extra work here and there.And then, weeks later, I counted, re-counted and jumped for joy. Oh, happy day ! I _16_ ! I finally had the exact amount wed agreed upon.Days later the _17_ happened. A neighborhood girl Id played with millions of times appeared with the exact same basket fixed to her shiny, new bike. I rode hard and fast home to tell my mother about this _18_.And then _19_ the lesson. Ive taken with me through my life: “Honey, Your basket is extra-special,”Mom said, gently _20_ my hot tears. “Your basket is special because you paid for it yourself.”語篇解讀：文章主要講述了作者在媽媽的指引下通過自己的節(jié)省與努力買到自己心儀的物件的故事。1. A. put B. made C. taken D. turned【答案】D【解析】依據(jù)上下文可知是媽媽把這次買自行車配件的經(jīng)歷轉(zhuǎn)變成了我一直記憶的好的生活教訓(xùn)，此處構(gòu)成短語“turninto”表示“轉(zhuǎn)變成”之意，故 D 項(xiàng)適合。2. A. different B. separate C. united D. opposite【答案】C【解析】依據(jù)上下文可知我的媽媽和爸爸在養(yǎng)育子女的方式上是團(tuán)結(jié)一致的，A 不同的；B 分開的；C 團(tuán)結(jié)的；D 相反的。3. A. simply B. vaguely C. initially D. honestly【答案】D【解析】 依據(jù)上下文可知作者真的也不清楚他的媽媽是怎么做到那樣勤儉持家的， 故使用 D 誠實(shí)地， 真的；A 簡單地；B 模糊地；C 最初地。4. A. speechless B. effortless C. endless D. fruitless【答案】B【解析】依據(jù)上下文可知此處表示的是“媽媽把原本挺難得持家的事情變得很容易” ，與文中的“hard”一詞相對應(yīng)。A 無語的；B 容易的，不費(fèi)勁的；C 無盡的，D 無收獲的。5. A. track B. trail C. affection D. trap【答案】A【解析】依據(jù)上下文可知此處構(gòu)成短語“keep track of”表示“記錄”之意，文章中講述的是“我們不得不記錄好我們的東西，如果丟了就不會(huì)再有了” ，故 A 項(xiàng)正確。B 痕跡，蹤跡；C 喜愛，鐘愛；D 陷阱，圈套。6. A. replaced B. reflected C. instructed D. registered【答案】A【解析】依據(jù)上一句的內(nèi)容可知此處表示的是“取代”之意；A 取代；B 反映；C 教導(dǎo)，指導(dǎo)；D 登記，注冊。7. A. installed B. fixed C. equipped D. tailored【答案】B【解析】依據(jù)上下文可知此處表示的是“媽媽帶我去修理自行車的車胎” ；A 安裝；B 修理；C 配備，裝備；D 為裁制衣服，為做衣服。8. A. filled B. decorated C. occupied D. performed【答案】B【解析】依據(jù)上下文可知此處表示的是“那個(gè)白色閃光且裝飾著鮮花的塑料車籃子” ，故 B 項(xiàng)正確。A 裝滿；C 占據(jù)；D 表演。9. A. hold on B. hold out C. hold off D. hold up【答案】C【解析】依據(jù)上下文可知此處表示的是“起初作者盡力不靠近那車籃子，但最終還是控制不了” ；A 堅(jiān)持，稍等；B 維持，主張；C 不靠近；D 阻止，舉起。10. A. any more B. more or less C. none the less D. any longer【答案】D【解析】 依據(jù)上下文與前面構(gòu)成短語“notany longer”表示 “作者最終不能再控制好自己了” 。A 項(xiàng)構(gòu)成“notany more”主要是表示 “在程度上不再” ； 此處結(jié)合前面的“I played it cool for a short while. Butthen”可知作者是在時(shí)間上再也不能忍了，故不適合；B 或多或少；C 仍然。11. A. as long as B. as much as C. as well as D. as many as【答案】A【解析】依據(jù)上下文可知作者在于他的媽媽協(xié)商，此處譯成“只要媽媽說什么都可以去做” ，A 項(xiàng)符合語境。B 與一樣多；C 和，與樣好；D 與一樣多。12. A. put up B. turn up C. make up D. save up【答案】D【解析】依據(jù)上下文可知作者的媽媽是讓作者自己省下錢去購買，故 D 項(xiàng)正確。A 舉起，張貼；B 出現(xiàn)，調(diào)高；C 彌補(bǔ)，化妝，編造，組成；D 節(jié)省，節(jié)約。13. A. other B. another C. the other D. others【答案】B【解析】依據(jù)上下文可知媽媽提供了另一個(gè)解決方法，故 B 項(xiàng)正確。14. A. unfolded B. scratched C. addressed D. guaranteed【答案】A【解析】依據(jù)上下文可知在媽媽的提議下，作者的購買計(jì)劃開始了，故 A(打開，展現(xiàn))符合句意。B 抓，刮；C 處理，演講；D 保證。15. A. reluctantly B. thoroughly C. unconditionally D. eagerly【答案】D【解析】依據(jù)上下文可知此處表示的是“每個(gè)星期我都急切地?cái)?shù)著我節(jié)省下來的錢” ，故 D 項(xiàng)正確。A 不情愿地；B 徹底地；C 無條件地。16. A. helped it B. made it C. liked it D. deserved it【答案】B【解析】依據(jù)上下文中的“I finally had the exact amount wed agreed upon.”可知作者終于攢夠了說好的錢的數(shù)量，B(成功做到)符合語境。A 幫得到；C 喜歡；D 值得，配得上。17. A. unpredictable B. unbelievable C. unthinkable D. unbearable【答案】C【解析】依據(jù)上下文可知此處表示的是“不能想象的事情發(fā)生了” ，故 C(不可想象)符合語境。A 不可預(yù)測的；B 不可信，難以置信的；D 不能忍受的，空格處表示的應(yīng)該是出乎作者意料之外的事情，故C 項(xiàng)最適合。18. A. failure B. property C. disaster D. edition【答案】C【解析】 依據(jù)上下文可知在作者的眼里別人與他買了一樣的東西無異于感覺就如同災(zāi)難降臨一樣。 A 失敗；B 財(cái)物；C 災(zāi)難；D 編輯。19. A. came B. caused C. invited D. participated【答案】A【解析】 根據(jù)上文可知， 此處表示作者懂得了其中的教訓(xùn)， 與 A項(xiàng)搭配合適。 倒裝句=and the lesson came then.20. A. washing out B. clearing out C. taking away D. wiping away【答案】D【解析】根據(jù)上下文可知，是媽媽幫助我檫去淚水的，D 項(xiàng)短語表示“檫去，抹去”適合語境。A 淘汰，洗凈；B 清除，趕走；C 拿開。四、單句改錯(cuò)1They focused all their attention to finding a solution to the problem._答案：第一個(gè)toonfocus ones attention on (doing) sth.“集中精力(做)某事”。2They equipped with two sharp axes and set off for the forest._答案：They后加were或equipped后加themselvesbe equipped with和equip oneself with . “配備有”。3Some people say that Chinese tend to be satisfying with what they have._答案：satisfyingsatisfiedbe satisfied with “對感到滿意”，主語通常為人。4Thanks for the success of the business, we can afford a holiday this year._答案：fortothanks to “多虧了；由于”。5She would rather to buy her clothes through the Internet than in the supermarket._答案：去掉towould rather do A than do B “比起做B更愿意做A”。