Unit 5 First Aid一、閱讀理解。The English language has an interesting way of classifying words.You might find that a noun acts like an adjective.You know that an adjective modifies(修飾),describing a quality of a noun.For example,you drink a cup of hot tea.The adjective is hot and the noun is tea.What about lemon tea?Lemon is a noun,isnt it?Why is it modifying tea? English often uses nouns as adjectives to modify other nouns.For example,a car that people drive in races is a race car.A car with extra power or speed is a sports car.Nouns that modify other nouns are called adjectival nouns. Did you notice something unusual about the expressions with the noun car?A car used to race other cars is a race car.Both nouns are singular.A car that has power and speed is a sports car.Why is the first noun,sports,plural?A search of the Internet shows us that people started using this phrase back in 1914.Cars were a new thing then. There is no rule about whether the attributive noun is singular or plural.Most of the time it is singular.But if the bination of nouns includes a plural noun,it usually stays that way.The result is phrases like ladies room,not lady room,for a room meant for women and girls,and bean soup but not beans soup for a soup made of beans.Some grammar experts think that English speakers are using more plural nouns in this way. When writing these attributive nouns in English,learners sometimes wonder about whether to use an apostrophe(撇號)to show possession.Is it a ladies room?No,it is a ladies room.Attributive nouns do not need the apostrophe.So we write Veterans(老兵)Day in American English and not Veterans Day or Veterans Day.That means the day is in honor of military veterans,not owned by veterans.1.Whats the topic of this text?A.The function of nouns.B.Special kinds of adjective.C.A special use of nouns.D.The use of adjectives.2.Adjectival nouns can be used to describe_.A.adjectivesB.sentencesC.phrasesD.other nouns3.Why is the plural form “sports” is used to describe a noun?A.It is a traditional usage.B.It is a rule of grammar.C.It is a grammar mistake.D.It is a form of stress.4.Which of the following is a correct English expression?A.Ladies room.B.Veterans Day.C.Veterans Day.D.Veterans Day.參考答案： 1.C; 2.D; 3.A; 4.D解析： 1.主旨大意題。本文談?wù)撁~的一種特殊用法:作定語。由第一段得出。2.細節(jié)理解題。形容詞性名詞用來修飾其他名詞。由第二段最后一句Nouns that modify other nouns are called adjectival nouns得出。3.推理判斷題。復(fù)數(shù)名詞sports作定語是一種傳統(tǒng)用法。由第三段倒數(shù)第二句A search of the Internet shows us that people started using this phrase back in 1914得出。4.細節(jié)理解題。Veterans Day“美國退伍軍人節(jié)”,兩個名詞之間不是所屬關(guān)系,不能用撇號。由最后一段得出。二、單句語法填空1It is vital that these forms _ (send) back as early as possible.答案：(should) be sentIt is vital that . “是十分重要的”。其中that從句謂語動詞應(yīng)用“should動詞原形”，should可以省略。2_ the aid of our professor, we finished the experiment successfully.答案：Withwith the aid/help of . “在的幫助下”。3Youd better put things back _ place. Otherwise, it will be difficult to find them.答案：inin place “在適當?shù)奈恢谩薄?We _ (watch) TV when there was a power failure.答案：were watchingbe doing . when . “正在做這時”，再由“there was .”可知應(yīng)用過去進行時，故填were watching。5The new technology, if _ (apply) to rice growing, will help increase the grain output.答案：applied從句為狀語從句的省略形式。The new technology與apply之間為邏輯上的被動關(guān)系，故應(yīng)填過去分詞作狀語。6Men and women should _ (treat) equally in education and employment.答案：be treatedtreat和Men and women在邏輯上存在動賓關(guān)系，應(yīng)用被動語態(tài)。7His head had struck the wall and _ (bleed)答案：was bleeding此處表示頭部正在流血，前一分句用了過去完成時，故此處應(yīng)用過去進行時，表示過去某時正在持續(xù)的狀態(tài)。8Everyone arrived late at the party for _ (variety) reasons.答案：various修飾名詞reasons應(yīng)用形容詞，表示“各種各樣的”，故填various。9Television violence _ (poison) the minds of young people.答案：is poisoning表示現(xiàn)階段正在持續(xù)發(fā)生的動作，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在進行時。10Dozens of people got _ (injury) and many vehicles were set on fire.答案：injuredget injured “受傷”。三、完形填空。閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出可能填入空白處的最佳選項。When I was young，I thought that kindness was a beneficial thing.I _1_ that I could just give what I thought others _2_ and I would get a one way ticket to Happyville (快樂小鎮(zhèn)). This thought process was _3_ changed when I suffered from clinical depression. _4_ became obvious that what I needed，as everyone did，was just the _5_ to love oneself. Apart from that，I had to learn how to make deeper and more meaningful connections _6_ people.My struggle with mental health was something that _7_ into a campaign to let every single person know that they _8_ and couldnt be replaced.At high school，it could be _9_ to convey this idea，but I _10_ pursued my passions (激情). The _11_ of my effort were the habits and traditions I had created to help _12_：Every Friday，I went to school with homework treats and _13_ them to those who seemed to need a pickmeup.I tried to _14_ as many names as I possibly could.I had started a club which gave students a _15_ place to express themselves and learn _16_ to apply empathy(同感，共鳴) in their everyday lives. On my personal social media account, I posted weekly _17_ to inspire both myself and my friends.When I go off the college this year，Ill be working towards a degree in college.This will help me start a nonprofit foundation in the future.My _18_ goal is to prove that the world is not a collection of _19_ problems，but something that can be changed by even the _20_ actions.1A.wondered BfiguredCdoubted Dpredicted2A.wanted BignoredClost Dordered3A.unfortunately BtotallyCregularly Daccurately4A.It BTheyCHe DThis5A.ability BdesireCbelief Dreason6A.for BwithCfrom Dabout7A.fell BdividedCbroke Dturned8A.mattered BexistedCsurvived Dsucceeded9A.difficult BfunnyCdifferent Dperfect10A.casually BbrieflyCfirmly Dsurely11A.difficulty BpurposeCfruits Dmethod12A.strangers BteenagersCfriends Dfamilies13A.led BlentCpassed Dlimited14A.write BmemorizeCprepare Drecall15A.quiet BimportantClarge Dsafe16A.how BwhatCwhere Dwhen17A.discussions BsuggestionsCexperience Dtheories18A.final BprimaryCsimple Dgrand19A.plex BunsolvableCunknown Dterrible20A.latest BlaziestCslowest Dsmallest【解題導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇夾敘夾議文。作者與抑郁癥作斗爭的經(jīng)歷使他轉(zhuǎn)變了思想，并用實際行動來幫助青少年和朋友們。他告訴大家，每個人都同樣重要并且不可替代。因此我們必須做出行動，因為即使是最小的行動都可以產(chǎn)生影響。1B考查動詞辨析。句意為：我以為只要我能給予別人我認為他們想要的東西，我就能得到一張去快樂小鎮(zhèn)的單程票。A項意為“想知道”；B項意為“認為，以為”；C項意為“懷疑”；D項意為“預(yù)測”。短文第一句說明了作者小時候的想法，即作者認為善良是一件有益的事情，然后接著詳細地解釋他的想法。B項符合語境。故選B。2A考查動詞辨析。A項意為“想要”；B項意為“忽視”；C項意為“丟失”；D項意為“命令，訂購”。此處指作者認為給予別人他認為別人需要的東西，他就會快樂。A項符合語境。故選A。3B考查副詞辨析。A項意為“不幸地”；B項意為“完全地”；C項意為“定期地”；D項意為“準確地”。由下文可知，因為作者的臨床抑郁癥，作者以前給予別人想要的東西的想法變成了努力用他的想法去影響別人，改變別人，所以此處表達的是“這個思維過程完全變了”。B項符合語境。故選B。4A考查代詞辨析。此處為句型“It bees/becameadj.that從句”，代詞it為形式主語，that引導(dǎo)的從句為真正的主語。故選A。5A考查名詞辨析。A項意為“能力”；B項意為“渴望”；C項意為“信念”；D項意為“理由”。ability to do sth.表示“做某件事的能力”，根據(jù)語境可知，作者所需要的和每個人所需要的一樣，就是愛自己的能力。A項符合語境。故選A。6B考查介詞辨析。句意為：除了這一點，我必須學會如何與人們建立更深、更有意義的聯(lián)系。make connection with.是固定短語，表示“與建立聯(lián)系”。故選B。7D考查動詞短語辨析。各選項所給動詞均可與介詞into構(gòu)成固定搭配：fall into意為“跌入”；divide into意為“分成”；break into意為“闖入”；turn into意為“變成”。由上文可知，作者的思維過程改變了，產(chǎn)生了新的想法，因此作者表達的是他在心理健康方面的掙扎變成了一場運動。turn into符合語境。故選D。8A考查動詞辨析。A項意為“重要，有關(guān)系”；B項意為“存在”；C項意為“幸存”；D項意為“成功”。根據(jù)空格后面的“and couldnt be replaced”可推知，此處表達的是“讓每個人都知道他們很重要，無法被替代”。A項符合語境。故選A。9A考查形容詞辨析。A項意為“困難的”；B項意為“滑稽的”；C項意為“不同的”；D項意為“完美的”。由轉(zhuǎn)折連詞but和第二個分句的內(nèi)容可知，此處指的是“在高中，很難傳遞這個想法”。A項符合語境。故選A。10C考查副詞辨析。A項意為“隨意地”；B項意為“簡短地”；C項意為“堅定地”；D項意為“確信地”。根據(jù)but表示轉(zhuǎn)折可知，此處應(yīng)表達“但是我堅定地追隨我的激情”。C項符合語境。故選C。11C考查名詞辨析。上文提到雖然在學校作者很難傳遞自己的思想，但是他不放棄，由此可知，作者努力的結(jié)果就是他創(chuàng)造了幫助的習慣和傳統(tǒng)。此處fruits表示“結(jié)果，成果”，符合語境。故選C。12B考查名詞辨析。 .Every Friday，I went to school with homework treats and _ them to those who seemed to need a pickmeup.(第二段第三句) 譯文：每個星期五，我?guī)е鳂I(yè)的獎品來到學校，把它們發(fā)給那些似乎需要提神的孩子們。由關(guān)鍵句可以推斷，作者幫助的是那些青少年們。teenager意為“青年，青少年”，符合語境。故選B。13C考查動詞辨析。pass sth.to sb.是固定短語，意為“把傳遞/分發(fā)蛤某人”，此處表達的是作者把帶來的作業(yè)獎品發(fā)給那些需要提神的孩子們。故選C。14B考查動詞辨析。A項意為“寫”；B項意為“記住”；C項意為“準備”；D項意為“回憶”。由語境可知，作者想幫助青少年，所以他盡可能多地記住他們的名字。故選B。15D考查形容詞辨析。作者建立了一個俱樂部，學生們在這里可以表達自己的想法，由此可知這是一個安全的地方，學生們能夠暢所欲言。safe意為“安全的”，符合語境。故選D。16A考查連接詞辨析。此處為“疑問詞不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)作賓語。由語境可知，作者想讓學生學會如何把表達的情感運用到日常生活中。how意為“怎樣，如何”，符合語境。故選A。17B考查名詞辨析。A項意為“討論”；B項意為“建議”；C項意為“經(jīng)驗”；D項意為“理論”。在作者的個人社交網(wǎng)絡(luò)賬號上，作者每周發(fā)出的用于激勵自己和朋友的帖子應(yīng)是建議之類的內(nèi)容。B項符合語境，其余各項均與語境不符。故選B。18A考查形容詞辨析。This will help me start a nodprofit foundation in the future.(最后一段第二句)譯文：這將幫助我在將來建立一個非盈利基金會。由關(guān)鍵句可知，作者一直堅持自己的信仰和做法，那么接著說的就是他的最終目標。final意為“最后的，最終的”，符合語境。故選A。19B考查形容詞辨析。A項意為“復(fù)雜的”；B項意為“難以解決的”；C項意為“未知的”；D項意為“糟糕的”。由語境可知，作者的最終目標是要證明這個世界不是無法解決的問題的集合體。unsolvable與下文的“can be changed”相銜接且符合語境。故選B。20D考查形容詞最高級辨析。A項意為“最新的”；B項意為“最懶的”；C項意為“最慢的”；D項意為“最小的”。由本句中的“even”可知，此處指的是甚至是最小的行動都會改變一些事情。D項符合語境。故選D。四、單句改錯1I dont know what to do, because the number of problems have arisen._答案：thea此處表述“大量的問題出現(xiàn)了”。the number of . “的數(shù)量”；a number of “許多；大量的”，后接可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式。2Dont take anything away. Father likes everything to be in the place._答案：去掉thein place “在適當?shù)奈恢谩薄?We try to create work experience opportunities that will really make big difference to us._答案：make后加amake a difference “有影響；起作用”。4He decided to apply for the boss for a job the next day._答案：第一個fortoapply to sb. for . “向某人申請”。5There is no doubt whether global warming is a threat to us all._答案：whetherthatThere is no doubt that . “毫無疑問”。五、短文改錯I came to the US as a exchange student a year before.There are four people in my host family.They are Mr.Garavalia，his wife and his child.The host family has a magic what has pulled me in and make me part of it.I remember when I first arrived at my house，it was far past their usual bedtime.But Mr.Garavalia still waited me in the living room and gave me a huge hug just as I walked in.I was felt so warm after 14 hours of tired flight.Every day they treat me as if I were their really family.I love them very much.【答案】I came to the US as exchange student a year .There are four people in my host family.They are Mr.Garavalia，his wife and his .The host family has a magic has pulled me in and me part of it.I remember when I first arrived at house，it was far past their usual bedtime.But Mr.Garavalia still waited me in the living room and gave me a huge hug just as I walked in.I felt so warm after 14 hours of flight.Every day they treat me as if I were their family.I love them very much.第一處：a改為an?？疾楣谠~。exchange的發(fā)音以元音音素開頭。故把a改為an。第二處：before改為ago?？疾楦痹~。時間副詞before常常與完成時連用，ago常常與一般過去時連用，根據(jù)句中謂語動詞為一般過去時可知，把before改為ago。第三處：child改為children?？疾槊~復(fù)數(shù)。根據(jù)上文中的“four people in my host family”可推斷，這對夫婦應(yīng)該有兩個孩子，故把child改為children。第四處：what改為that/which?？疾槎ㄕZ從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處是一個定語從句，先行詞是magic，從句缺少主語。故把what改為that/which。第五處：make改為made?？疾闀r態(tài)。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，and一詞后的動詞make與其前has pulled作并列謂語，且在此并列結(jié)構(gòu)中and后省略了與前面相同的助動詞has，故把make改為made。第六處：my改為their?？疾榇~。此處指“我”第一次到達他們(這對夫婦)家的時候，故把my改為their。第七處：waited后加for?？疾榻樵~。wait for sb.意思是“等待某人”，為固定用法，故在waited后加for。第八處：刪除felt前的was?？疾閯釉~。felt在此處為系動詞feel的過去式，表示“感受到”，沒有被動語態(tài)。故刪除felt前的was。第九處：tired改為tiring。考查形容詞。此處表示“14個小時的令人疲倦的飛行之后”。tiring“令人疲勞的”，tired“疲倦的，疲勞的”，故把tired改為tiring。第十處：really改為real。考查形容詞。名詞family前應(yīng)用形容詞來修飾，故把really改為real。