專(zhuān)題01 名詞、主謂一致和冠詞易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)1 望詞生義1. Could you tell me the_ of making such tasty cakes? Well, I just follow the directions in the cookbook.A. feature B. plan C. cost D. trick【錯(cuò)因分析】本題側(cè)重考查在特定的語(yǔ)境中辨析名詞詞義的能力。由后文的回答可以推斷本題答案，我只是按照食譜上說(shuō)明書(shū)（做蛋糕），那么前面問(wèn)的肯定是你做蛋糕有啥技巧呀？再根據(jù)初步判斷去看選項(xiàng)，B、C可以排除，A和D可能拿捏不準(zhǔn)，尤其是D,考生可能會(huì)想到play tricks,認(rèn)為是把戲的意思，就錯(cuò)選成A了。但是A僅僅有特征之意，D在此由把戲被轉(zhuǎn)化為技巧，類(lèi)似于tips?！緟⒖即鸢浮?D 同義詞、近義詞甚至是形近詞有著不同的含義和適用場(chǎng)合，要特別注意在特定語(yǔ)境中準(zhǔn)確運(yùn)用詞匯和語(yǔ)法知識(shí)的能力。平時(shí)要努力擴(kuò)大詞匯量，做題時(shí)要深入理解語(yǔ)境，整體把握，結(jié)合句意作出最佳選擇。名詞詞義辨析是高考的熱點(diǎn)，主要考查考生結(jié)合語(yǔ)境區(qū)分詞義的能力，因而在記憶單詞時(shí)，一定要結(jié)合語(yǔ)境體會(huì)其意義。如近幾年高考中常出現(xiàn)的：(1)expectation(期望)；reputation(聲譽(yù))；contribution(貢獻(xiàn))；civilization(文明)(2)acmodation(住宿)；occupation(職業(yè))；adaptation(適應(yīng)，改編)；appreciation(欣賞)1.Her_for writing was a desire for women to get the right to higher education.A. motivationB. qualification C. talentD. technique【解析】 A項(xiàng)表示動(dòng)力，激勵(lì)；B項(xiàng)為資格；C項(xiàng)是才能，天賦；D項(xiàng)表示技巧。句意上她寫(xiě)作的動(dòng)力源自為女性獲得更高教育的權(quán)利。故選A?！敬鸢浮?A 【名師點(diǎn)睛】A、B形式相近，容易讓考生迷惑，不知意思。C、D讀音較為相近，又讓考生犯疑惑了。此時(shí)就分析題目，抓住題干中的desire，把題干簡(jiǎn)化為Her_for writing was a desire，這樣看來(lái)，其實(shí)就在考查desire的近義詞，下面哪個(gè)選項(xiàng)意為渴望、心愿就是正確答案。多角度解題是考生致勝的關(guān)鍵。易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)2 主謂一致錯(cuò)誤2. It is important to remember that success _ a sum of small efforts made each day and often _ years of achieve.A. is; takesB. are; takesC. are; takeD. is; take【錯(cuò)因分析】 此題易錯(cuò)選D，關(guān)鍵是第二空的主語(yǔ)容易弄混，因此誤選答案D。【參考答案】A1.如果主語(yǔ)有morethanone很多非常，或manya許多，構(gòu)成，oneandahalf與單數(shù)名詞組成的短語(yǔ)。盡管從意義上看是復(fù)數(shù)內(nèi)容，但它的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞仍用單數(shù)形式。2.each作主語(yǔ)或修飾主語(yǔ)時(shí)1)單獨(dú)用作主語(yǔ)(或修飾主語(yǔ))，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)：Eachstudenthashisowndesk.每個(gè)學(xué)生都有自己的課桌。Twoboysentered.Eachwascarryingasuitcase.兩個(gè)男孩進(jìn)來(lái)，每人提著一只箱子。【注意】(1)兩個(gè)或多個(gè)each+單數(shù)名詞結(jié)構(gòu)并列作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。(2)eachof+復(fù)數(shù)名詞或代詞用作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)一般要用單數(shù)Eachofthemwasdeeplyfrightened.他們個(gè)個(gè)都驚恐萬(wàn)分。但是在非正式文體中(尤其是當(dāng)eachof之后的名詞較長(zhǎng)時(shí))偶爾也可用復(fù)數(shù)謂語(yǔ)，但很少見(jiàn)，學(xué)生宜慎用。2)each用于復(fù)數(shù)名詞后作同位語(yǔ)此時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)：TheyeachhaveanEnglish-Chinesedictionary.他們每人都有一本英漢詞典。4.有些名詞的單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)形式一樣，作主語(yǔ)的時(shí)候,其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞單復(fù)數(shù)由上下文決定(尤其注意其前的修飾語(yǔ))，這一類(lèi)名詞有：means,works,deer,fish,sheep,Chinese, Japanese等。5.kind種類(lèi)作主語(yǔ)6.在主謂倒裝的句子中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與其后的主語(yǔ)一致。例如:Betweenthetwowindowshangsapicture.7.分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù)+名詞構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)以及由alotof,lotsof,plentyof,alargequantityof,aheapof,heapsof,halfof+名詞構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要與短語(yǔ)中of后面的名詞的數(shù)保持一致，這是因?yàn)槎陶Z(yǔ)中后面的名詞是中心詞，而短語(yǔ)中前面的量詞是修飾語(yǔ)。8.表時(shí)間長(zhǎng)度、錢(qián)數(shù)、速度等的詞組作主語(yǔ)，此時(shí)通常將其視為整體，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。2. All we need_a small piece of land where we can plant various kinds of fruittrees throughout the growing seasons of the year.A.areB. wasC. isD. were【答案】C易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)3 誤用冠詞3.I couldnt remember the exact date of the storm, but I knew it was _ Sunday becauseeverybody was at _ church.A. a, theB. a,不填C.不填, aD.不填,不填【錯(cuò)因分析】容易誤選 D，因?yàn)樾瞧诿~前不加冠詞；而 at church表示在教堂里做禮拜，其中也不用冠詞。【參考答案】B冠詞的考查一直以來(lái)是一個(gè)易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)，雖然冠詞只有3個(gè)(a , an, the) 但是麻雀雖小五臟俱全，考查起來(lái)往往會(huì)弄錯(cuò)。名詞第一次出現(xiàn)或泛指時(shí)，冠詞用a/an，但名詞的首字母是（A、E、I、O、U）發(fā)音時(shí)，用an, 如：apple, English, important, operation, unusual, 特殊的有umbrella, hour, honest用an, university, unique, usual 用 a。名詞第二次出現(xiàn)用the；強(qiáng)調(diào)特指時(shí)用the；the + 最高級(jí)， the + 形容詞（rich 富人, poor窮人, wounded傷者, dead死者, elderly長(zhǎng)者）表某一類(lèi)人 the+比較級(jí)（the more . the better）the +序數(shù)詞 （表順序）；a+ 序數(shù)詞 （表又，再），固定搭配 (in the way 擋道)另外也需要注意零冠詞的情況。零冠詞用法歸納：獨(dú)一職位在某地，用作表/補(bǔ)/同位語(yǔ)；獨(dú)立主格作狀語(yǔ)，用by短語(yǔ)表方式；man字一詞指人類(lèi)，對(duì)比含義兩名詞；系詞turn+名單數(shù)，街/路/期刊與雜志；具體意義變抽象，as/though之倒裝句；人名/地名/國(guó)一詞，抽象/物質(zhì)不特指；橋名/單島/單山峰，一專(zhuān)加一普專(zhuān)用詞；月份/星期/節(jié)假日，學(xué)科/語(yǔ)言/稱(chēng)呼語(yǔ)；顏色/病名/五感覺(jué)，棋類(lèi)/球類(lèi)/三餐詞；復(fù)數(shù)名詞系泛指，固定詞組慣用語(yǔ)；以上情況請(qǐng)記住，其前均用零冠詞。3. more learned a man is, more modest be usually bee.A. The ; the B. A; a C. The ; a D. A; the 【解析】句意：一個(gè)人越有學(xué)識(shí)，他就越可能更謙虛。使用the +比較級(jí)+主謂， the +比較級(jí)+主謂的句型，所以選A?！敬鸢浮緼【名師點(diǎn)睛】冠詞的考查集中在the表示特指；a/an表示泛指。另外要注意冠詞的一些固定搭配中冠詞的使用。這里用的是：the +比較級(jí)+主謂， the +比較級(jí)+主謂的句型，學(xué)生在平時(shí)應(yīng)該多積累這些包含冠詞的短語(yǔ)和句型。易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)4序數(shù)詞、比較級(jí)、最高級(jí)前誤用定冠詞4.His English is _ second to none. And he is going to learn _ second language in _ second grade.A/；a；the Bthe；the；aC/；the；a Da；the；the【錯(cuò)因分析】 此題涉及序數(shù)詞，很多學(xué)生誤以為序數(shù)詞a前都要用定冠詞the，因此易錯(cuò)選答案?！緟⒖即鸢浮?A序數(shù)詞前用不定冠詞而不用定冠詞the的情況：1泛指某一類(lèi)人或物中的任何一個(gè)。A teacher shouldnt talk like that.教師不應(yīng)當(dāng)那樣講話。2用于序數(shù)詞前表示又一再一。用于形容詞最高級(jí)前意為很，非常。Well have to do it a second time.我們得再做一次。He is a most wise man.他是一個(gè)十分明智的人。3用于具體化了的抽象名詞前。He was a success in business.他是事業(yè)成功人士。4在專(zhuān)有名詞前表示某一個(gè)類(lèi)似的一個(gè)。A Mr. Smith wants to see you.一位史密斯先生想見(jiàn)你。5用于of短語(yǔ)中表示同一(the same)。Tom and Kate are of an age.湯姆與凱特同歲。4. more learned a man is, more modest be usually bee.A. The ; the B. A; a C. The ; a D. A; the 【解析】句意：一個(gè)人越有學(xué)識(shí)，他就越可能更謙虛。使用the +比較級(jí)+主謂， the +比較級(jí)+主謂的句型，所以選A。【答案】A易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)5 名詞的一詞多義與熟詞新義5. Why do you choose to work in an international travel agency?Well, you know, English is my _. So it is my best choice.A. strength B. talent B. ability C. skill【錯(cuò)因分析】 很多考生不知道此題該選擇哪一個(gè)，關(guān)健問(wèn)題是弄不清楚strength的詞義。【參考答案】A 名詞的一詞多義與熟詞新義是考查的重點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn)，因此在復(fù)習(xí)過(guò)程中，要注意學(xué)會(huì)在語(yǔ)境中掌握同義詞的細(xì)微差別，全面掌握詞匯的多層含義。如interest既要知道它有興趣，趣味的意思，又要知道它的另一層意思：利益；好處。The weather forecast says it will be cloudy with a slight _ of rain later tonight. A. effect B. sense C. change D. chance 【解析】試題分析：句意：天氣預(yù)報(bào)說(shuō)今天會(huì)是多云，后半夜可能有雨。A.影響；B.感覺(jué)；C.改變；D.機(jī)會(huì)，可能性。故選D?！敬鸢浮緿一、疑難名詞比較與辨析1.force; energy; strength; powerforce表示力、力量的意思。指為做或?qū)崿F(xiàn)某事而實(shí)際運(yùn)用的力量。He overcame his bad habits by force of will.毅力使他克服了自己身上的不良習(xí)慣。Those people are the progressive forces in the society. 這些人是社會(huì)的進(jìn)步力量。energy主要強(qiáng)調(diào)精力，指用來(lái)做某事或完成某事的能力。還可以指能源。Young people usually have more energy than the old. 青年人通常此老年人精力充沛。Many countries are increasing their use of natural gas, wind and other forms of energy. 很多國(guó)家正在提高天然氣、風(fēng)以及其他能源形式的利用。strength表示力的意思。指做事情的-種內(nèi)在能力。就人而育，著重指力氣；就物而言，著重指強(qiáng)度潛力等。He lifted the stone with all his strength.他使出全身力氣舉起了那塊石頭。The side man hasnt got enough strength to get out of bed. 那位病人還沒(méi)有足夠的力氣下床。power 表示 能力、能量、動(dòng)力的意思。指身體上、心理上和道德上的能力(不管是否發(fā)揮出)。Knowledge is power.知識(shí)就是力 量。I shall do everything in my power to help you.我將盡我的能力幫助你。2.manner; means; method; waymanner表示方式、方法的意思。指?jìng)€(gè)人喜歡采用的方式。The manner of their meeting makes a good story. 他們相見(jiàn)的方式似乎有些傳奇色彩。He has developed his own manner of acting. 它形成了自己獨(dú)特的演出風(fēng)格。means表示方法、手段 、工具的意思。Students sometimes support themselves by means of evening job. 學(xué)生有時(shí)通過(guò)晚上打工的方法來(lái)養(yǎng)活自己。The quickest means of travel is by plane.最快的旅行工具是飛機(jī)。Have you the means to support a family? 你有維持家的方法沒(méi)有?method指做某事的具體步驟或程序，也指系統(tǒng)的、抽象概念的原理。His idea is all right, but he lacks method.他的想法不錯(cuò)，但是缺少方法。He is a man of method.他是個(gè)有條理的人。method of teaching 教學(xué)方法 method of study 學(xué)習(xí)方法Roasting is one method of cooking meat. 烤是做肉的一種方法。way是最通用的詞，也是最不正式的詞，本義是通道、通路，引申作方式、方法講，含義很廣。In this way over several days, the artist and his mice became friends. 就這樣過(guò)了幾天，這位藝術(shù)家和他的老鼠成了好朋友。Look ! Work on it in this way. 看!像這樣搞它。My parents always let me have my own way of living.3.cost; price; value; worth; expensecost表示成本、費(fèi)用的意思。 原指生產(chǎn)某種物品的成本 ，包括生產(chǎn)中所支付的原料和勞動(dòng)。一般要低于售價(jià)，有時(shí)也可用來(lái)泛指價(jià)格。也可用于借喻，指所付出的代價(jià)，甚至生命。As a result, costs will be reduced by as much as 90%. 因此，成本將會(huì)降低90% 之多。China Daily has plenty of advertisements, which help to cut the costs of making the newspaper. 中國(guó)日?qǐng)?bào)刊登大量廣告有助于降低報(bào)紙生產(chǎn)的成本。price表示價(jià)格、價(jià)錢(qián)、定價(jià)的意思。 指經(jīng)營(yíng)商品出售的單價(jià)，通常要高于商品的出廠成本。也用于借喻，指做某事所付出的代價(jià)。Can you try to get them to bring down the price? 你能把價(jià)格講下來(lái)嗎?They can sell their beef at a high price in the capital. 他們可以在首都以高價(jià)出售他們的牛肉。value表示價(jià)值、價(jià)格。指我們所估計(jì)一件東西的價(jià)值，因此是不能 以金錢(qián)估價(jià)的。Instead, they are writing once more about things that are mon for everyone: feeling alone in the modern world, the value of having good friends and so on. 他們現(xiàn)在再一次寫(xiě)常人常事現(xiàn)代世界中的孤獨(dú)感及交好朋友的價(jià)值等等。The park is good value for the money.公園花這么多錢(qián)值得。worth意思是價(jià)值。指東西本身的真正價(jià)值，是經(jīng)久不變的，是可貴的。It was worth five hundred francs at the most.它最多值500法郎。He asked me how much this puter was worth. 他問(wèn)我這臺(tái)計(jì)算機(jī)值多少錢(qián)。expense意思是費(fèi)用、支出、開(kāi)銷(xiāo)，指花費(fèi)金錢(qián)、時(shí)間和精力。We travelled to France at our own expense. 我們自費(fèi)去法國(guó)旅行了。Do you know at whose expense your visit to Japan will be?你 知道誰(shuí)將擔(dān)負(fù)你訪問(wèn)日本的費(fèi)用嗎?4.land; ground; soil; earthland表示陸地、土地、地，是河流和海洋的相對(duì)用語(yǔ)。用于指土地或土壤時(shí)，著重指它的性質(zhì)、用途等。有時(shí)泛指大地，也可作國(guó)家、地產(chǎn)講。The rocky soil has been turned into rich land.巖石地已變成了沃土。But some people dont want good farm land to be built on. 但是有些人不愿意把好的農(nóng)田用來(lái)修建廠房。To the sea captains surprise, he found that land travel could also be quite pleasant. 使那位船長(zhǎng)吃驚的是，他發(fā)現(xiàn)陸地旅行也很愉快。ground(n. )表示地、土地的意思。主要指大地表面，也可以指土壤、場(chǎng)地。也可用于借喻指根據(jù)、理由。He learnt how to clean rough ground before planting crops. 他學(xué)會(huì)了在種植作物之前如何拾掇毛糙的土地。Then the Class 2 runner dropped his stick on the ground when he was passing it on to the fourth runner.然而，當(dāng)二班運(yùn)動(dòng)員傳給第四棒時(shí)，接力棒掉在地上了。soil表示土壤、土地，指可以生長(zhǎng)植物且富有有機(jī)物的沃土，宜于農(nóng)耕。When the plants are in the ground, Ill put some powder on the soil.當(dāng)植物種到地里時(shí)，我將給地里撒些粉劑。He studied how to improve soil conditions.他研究如何改善土壤環(huán)境。earth表示地、地球、泥土，著重指大地，以別于天空。作泥土解時(shí)，常用于以別于堅(jiān)硬的巖石。Later, in a few weeks time Ill put the little plants in the earth. 幾星期后，我將把小植物埋在泥土里。5.practice; exercise; training; drillpractice; exercise; training; drill都表示練習(xí)、訓(xùn)練的意思。training表示訓(xùn)練、培養(yǎng)、教練、鍛煉的意思。一般指對(duì)于身體的鍛煉、對(duì)動(dòng)物的訓(xùn)練、對(duì)士兵的訓(xùn)練等。These football players had no strict training until they joined our club.這些足球隊(duì)員直到加入我們俱樂(lè)部才受到嚴(yán)格的訓(xùn)練。The athlete is in training.這個(gè)運(yùn)動(dòng)員鍛煉得好。The home training of children is the first class social problem. 兒童的家庭教育是社會(huì)的頭等問(wèn)題。exercise主要指為提高技巧或業(yè)務(wù)水平而規(guī)定的練習(xí)或體格鍛煉。The book contains a series of graded exercises adapted to the use of beginners. 書(shū)中有一系列按難易排列的練習(xí)適于初學(xué)者應(yīng)用。You need more outdoor exercise.你需要多進(jìn)行戶外運(yùn)動(dòng)。practice主要指正規(guī)的、有條理的、不斷反復(fù)的 練習(xí)或把理論道理貫徹在行動(dòng)中的 實(shí)踐。More practice will make you speak with greater fluency. 多練習(xí)會(huì)使你口語(yǔ)更流利。The integration of theory and practice is one of the basic points of Marxism. 理論和實(shí)踐的統(tǒng)一是馬克思主義的基本論點(diǎn)之一。drill表示操練、訓(xùn)練的意思。一般指嚴(yán)格的訓(xùn)練或反反復(fù)復(fù)練習(xí)或軍事上的練兵。Lets do some pattern drills.咱們做些句型練習(xí)吧。The soldiers were at drill in the barrack yard.士兵們?cè)跔I(yíng)場(chǎng)上操練。6.sign; signal; mark; symbolsign表示 符號(hào)、記號(hào)、招牌等意思。是最普通的用語(yǔ)，指一個(gè)具有公認(rèn)意義的、簡(jiǎn)單的、隨意制定的代表物。Letters are signs used to represent sounds.字母是用來(lái)代表聲音的符號(hào)。Youll see the sign for the rest rooms.你將看到休息室的指示牌。signal表示 暗號(hào)、信號(hào)的意思。有時(shí)是有意的;有時(shí)是無(wú)意的。有意的，如強(qiáng)風(fēng)訊號(hào)、求救信號(hào)等。There the electrical signal is changed back into sound. 在那兒電信號(hào)又變成聲音。mark表示 痕跡、記號(hào)、商標(biāo)、特征、分?jǐn)?shù)的意思。指印在物品上的記號(hào)，可用在好壞兩個(gè)方面。作動(dòng)詞時(shí)，表示標(biāo)明、作記號(hào)的意思。He got full marks in his maths test. 他在數(shù)學(xué)測(cè)試中得了滿分。Each stone was marked with a number. 每個(gè)石頭上都標(biāo)明號(hào)碼。symbol表示 象征的意思，特別強(qiáng)調(diào)故意用來(lái)包含某一特定意義的東西，或故意構(gòu)成的傳達(dá)某一特定意義的事物。a good luck symbol 好運(yùn)氣的象征The lion is considered the king of the forest as it is a symbol of courage and power. 獅子被看作百獸之王，是因?yàn)樗怯職馀c權(quán)利的象征。二、學(xué)習(xí)冠詞的難點(diǎn)1.在特殊情況下混用a和an關(guān)于a和an的一般區(qū)別，同學(xué)們可能比較清楚，也不易搞錯(cuò)，但是對(duì)于數(shù)字和字母前用該用不定冠詞a還是an，則是許多考生可能忽略的問(wèn)題。如：They have an 8-year-old daughter. 他們有一個(gè)8歲大的女兒。(數(shù)字8在英語(yǔ)中讀音與eight同，故其前用an，不用a;類(lèi)似地，我們要說(shuō)an 11-year-old child，不能說(shuō)a 11-year-old boy。)Our daughter sent us an SOS for some more money. 我們的女兒給我們發(fā)來(lái)了再要點(diǎn)錢(qián)的求救信號(hào)。(字母s的讀音為es，它的第一個(gè)音為元音，故其前要用an。)2.星期名詞前冠詞的使用問(wèn)題表示星期的名詞(如Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday等)一般不與冠詞連用，但有時(shí)為了表示特指可以帶定冠詞;若表示不確定的某一個(gè)，其前可用不定冠詞。如：When can I have my birthday party? On the Saturday nearest to it. 我的生日慶祝會(huì)在哪天舉行?就在離你生日最近的那個(gè)星期六吧。Christmas Day falls on a Monday. 今年的圣誕節(jié)是星期一。You wont catch me working on a Sunday! 你絕對(duì)見(jiàn)不到我在星期日工作!He never opens up shop on a Sunday. 星期日他的商店從不營(yíng)業(yè)。We had a card from her on the Friday after she got back. 在她回去后的那個(gè)星期五我們收到了她的明信片。When can I have my birthday party? On the Saturday nearest to it. 我的生日慶祝會(huì)能在哪天舉行?在離你生日最近的那個(gè)星期六吧。3.三餐飯前冠詞的使用問(wèn)題一般說(shuō)來(lái)，表示一日三餐的 breakfast, lunch, supper前不用冠詞。如：Breakfast is served until 9 a.m. 早餐一直供應(yīng)到上午9點(diǎn)。Can you manage lunch on Tuesday? 你星期二能來(lái)吃午飯嗎?但是，若要特指某一頓早餐、中餐或晚餐，則可在其前加定冠詞。如：The supper is well cooked. 晚飯做得很好。Thank you for the breakfast. 謝謝你的這頓早餐。另外，若 breakfast, lunch, supper 受到描繪性定語(yǔ)的修飾，則其前通常要用不定冠詞。如：We make a good breakfast before leaving. 我們動(dòng)身前好好吃頓早飯。Ive got out of the habit of having a cooked breakfast. 我已不再保持早餐吃熱食的習(xí)慣。After a quick breakfast, he hurried to the station. 匆匆忙忙吃完早餐，他就趕到車(chē)站去了。We were well primed for the journey with a large breakfast. 為了去旅行, 我們?cè)绮投汲缘蔑栵柕摹?.冠詞的非前位用法限定語(yǔ)與所修飾的中心名詞的關(guān)系一般順序是：冠詞+表示大小尺寸的限定詞+表示顏色的限定詞+表示原材料的限定詞+中心名詞。但在某些固定結(jié)構(gòu)中，冠詞放在了形容詞之后?！惧\囊妙計(jì)】1.不定冠詞用在quite，rather，many，half，what，much等詞之后。例如：He is rather a fool.What did you think of the concert？Oh，it was quite a success.2.不定冠詞用在so（as，too，how）+形容詞之后。例如：She is as clever a girl as you can wish to meet.Its too difficult a book for us to read.注意：以元音音素開(kāi)頭的名詞前加不定冠詞時(shí)用an。例如：an apple。即使單詞拼寫(xiě)以輔音字母開(kāi)頭，但該詞的讀音是元音音素開(kāi)頭，加不定冠詞時(shí)也要用an，例如：an hour，an honest boy；反之，拼寫(xiě)以元音字母開(kāi)頭，但讀音是輔音，加不定冠詞時(shí)要用a，例如：a university。3.sothat與suchthat:sothat和suchthat都作如此以致解，that引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句。常見(jiàn)句型如下：sosuchthat和sothat有時(shí)可以換用，條件是such所修飾的名詞必須是一個(gè)單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，且該名詞還帶有表性質(zhì)的形容詞。轉(zhuǎn)變公式如下：such a/an+形容詞+名詞so+形容詞+a/an+名詞。例如：He is such a good student that we all like him.He is so good a student that we all like him。但是，如果是不可數(shù)名詞或復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，則只能用such，不能用so修飾。例如：It was such bad weather that he had to stay at home。如果復(fù)數(shù)名詞前有many，few，不可數(shù)名詞前有much，little等表示量的形容詞時(shí)，應(yīng)該用so而不用such。如：Ive had so many falls that Im black and blue all over.Mr White got so little money a month that he could hardly keep body and soul together（維持生活）。但little不表示數(shù)量而表示小的意思時(shí)，仍用such。例如：They are such little children that they cannot clean the house by themselves.三、高考主謂一致的知識(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)一致原則考點(diǎn)詳解例句語(yǔ)法一致1. 以單數(shù)名詞或代詞、動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)、動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)或從句作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)形式；主語(yǔ)為復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。His father is working on the farm.To study English well is not easy.What he said is very important for us all.The children were in the classroom two hours ago. Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes.2. 由連接詞and或both and連接起來(lái)的合成主語(yǔ)后面，要用復(fù)數(shù)形式的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。Lucy and Lily are twins. She and I are classmates.The boy and the girl were surprised when they heard the news. Both she and he are Young Pioneers.3. 主語(yǔ)為單數(shù)名詞或代詞，盡管后面跟有with，together with，except，but，like，as well as，rather than，more than，no less than， besides，including等引起的短語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞仍用單數(shù)形式；若主語(yǔ)為復(fù)數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。Mr. Green，together with his wife and children，has e to China. Nobody but Jim and Mike was on the playground.She，like you and Tom，is very tall. 4. either，neither，each，every 或no +單數(shù)名詞和由some，any，no，every構(gòu)成的復(fù)合不定代詞，都作單數(shù)看待。Each of us has a new book.Everything around us is matter.5. 在定語(yǔ)從句中，關(guān)系代詞that，who， which等作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與句中先行詞的數(shù)一致。He is one of my friends who are working hard. He is the only one of my friends who is working hard. 一致原則考點(diǎn)詳解例句語(yǔ)法一致6. 如果集體名詞指的是整個(gè)集體，它的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；如果它指集體的成員，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞就用復(fù)數(shù)形式。這些詞有family, class, crowd, mittee, population, audience等。Class Four is on the third floor. Class Four are unable to agree upon a monitor.注：people，police，cattle等名詞一般都用作復(fù)數(shù)。如：The police are looking for the lost child.7. 由a lot of，lots of，plenty of，the rest of，the majority of +名詞構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)以及由分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù)+名詞構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)要根據(jù)短語(yǔ)中后面名詞的數(shù)而定。There are a lot of people in the classroom. The rest of the lecture is wonderful. 50% of the students in our class are girls.注：a number of 與the number of的區(qū)別8. 在倒裝句中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與其后的主語(yǔ)一致。There es the bus. On the wall are many pictures. Such is the result. Such are the facts. 邏輯一致1. what， who， which， any， more， all等代詞可以是單數(shù)，也可是復(fù)數(shù)，主要靠意思來(lái)決定。Which is your bag？Which are your bags？All is going well. All have gone to Beijing.2. 表示時(shí)間、重量、長(zhǎng)度、價(jià)值等的名詞的復(fù)數(shù)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)形式，這是由于作主語(yǔ)的名詞在概念上是一個(gè)整體。Thirty minutes is enough for the work.Ten miles is too long.3. 若主語(yǔ)是書(shū)名、片名、格言、劇名、報(bào)名、國(guó)名等的復(fù)數(shù)形式，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)形式。The Arabian Nights is an interesting story-book.4. 表數(shù)量的短語(yǔ)one and a half后接復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可用單數(shù)形式。One and a half apples is left on the table.一致原則考點(diǎn)詳解例句邏輯一致5. 算式中表示數(shù)目（字）的主語(yǔ)通常作單數(shù)看待，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞采用單數(shù)形式。Twelve plus eight is twenty.Fifty-six divided by eight is seven.6. 一些學(xué)科名詞是以 ics 結(jié)尾，如：mathematics，politics，physics 以及news， works等，都屬于形式上是復(fù)數(shù)的名詞，實(shí)際意義為單數(shù)名詞，它們作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式。The paper works was built in 1990.I think physics isnt easy to study. 7. trousers， glasses， clothes， shoes，jeans 等詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)，但如果這些名詞前有a（the） pair of等量詞修飾時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。My glasses are broken. The pair of shoes under the bed is his.8. 定冠詞the + 形容詞或分詞，表示某一類(lèi)人時(shí)，動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。The old are taken good care of.9. a (large) quantity of 修飾可數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞, 作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。A large quantity of people is needed here.注意：quantities一般用復(fù)數(shù)。Quantities of food (nuts) were on the table.10. a great deal of, a large amount of 修飾不可數(shù)名詞，作主語(yǔ)時(shí), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)；large amounts of 修飾不可數(shù)名詞， 作主語(yǔ)時(shí)， 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用復(fù)數(shù)。A large amount of (A great deal of) damage was done in a very short time.Large amounts of money were spent on the bridge.就近一致1. 當(dāng)兩個(gè)主語(yǔ)由either or， neither nor，whether or ，not only but also連接時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和鄰近的主語(yǔ)一致。Either the teacher or the students are our friends.Neither they nor he is wholly right. 2. there be句型的be動(dòng)詞單復(fù)數(shù)取決于其后的主語(yǔ)。如果其后是由and連接的兩個(gè)主語(yǔ)，則應(yīng)與靠近的那個(gè)主語(yǔ)保持一致。There are two chairs and a desk in the room.Here引導(dǎo)的句子用法同上。如：Here is a map and a handbook for you.【巧學(xué)妙記】主謂一致記憶口訣單單復(fù)復(fù)最常見(jiàn)，集體名詞謂用單。如若強(qiáng)調(diào)其成員，復(fù)數(shù)謂語(yǔ)記心間。有些名詞謂常復(fù)，people, police即這般。主語(yǔ)單數(shù)后接介，謂語(yǔ)單數(shù)介無(wú)關(guān)。many a作主語(yǔ)也如此，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用單。or、nor、but also、there be，近主原則掛嘴邊。關(guān)系代詞定主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)根據(jù)先行詞判。不定式短語(yǔ)、動(dòng)名詞，主語(yǔ)從句謂全單。時(shí)間、貨幣與距離，謂語(yǔ)多單復(fù)少見(jiàn)，rest，means，following等，意義決定其復(fù)、單。none，all，half of等，of之賓語(yǔ)定答案。還有分?jǐn)?shù)、百分?jǐn)?shù)，仍據(jù)of之賓定復(fù)、單。代詞all指人謂復(fù)數(shù)，all指事情謂用單。量詞用法請(qǐng)注意，謂語(yǔ)要隨量詞變。and連接兩名詞，身兼兩職一定冠。no，each，every后單名，兩種事物一概念。以上情況請(qǐng)記清，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞全用單。形容詞帶the一類(lèi)人，姓氏復(fù)數(shù)加定冠，-s結(jié)尾的海峽、山脈與群島，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)勿用單。代詞neither，either，each，用作主語(yǔ)謂全單。1.（2018全國(guó)新課標(biāo)卷I語(yǔ)法填空）Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 66that/which showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all 67 (cause).【答案】causes 【解析】考查單復(fù)數(shù)。一項(xiàng)研究表明，僅僅每天5到10分鐘的跑步，就能減少各種原因的心臟病和早亡。根據(jù)句意用復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填causes。2.（2018全國(guó)新課標(biāo)卷I短文改錯(cuò)）Last winter when I went here（改為there） again, they had a big separate house to raise dozens of chicken.【答案】chicken改為chickens【解析】考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。他們擁有一個(gè)大的獨(dú)立住宅，還養(yǎng)了許多只雞。根據(jù)前文的dozens of可知，其后用名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式。3. （2018全國(guó)新課標(biāo)卷II短文改錯(cuò)）When I was little, Fridays night was our family game night.【答案】Fridays改為Friday。4. （2018新課標(biāo)II卷短文改錯(cuò)）As the kid, I loved to watch cartoons, but no matter how many times I asked to watching them, my parents would not to let me.【答案】the改為a 【解析】考查冠詞。這里表示“作為一個(gè)孩子”，a用在表示泛指的單數(shù)名詞前，the表示特指。故把the改為a。5.（2018新課標(biāo)卷I語(yǔ)法填空）While running regularly cant make you live forever, the review says it 64 (be) more effective at lengthening life 65than walking, cycling or swimming.【答案】is【解析】考查主謂一致和時(shí)態(tài)。醫(yī)學(xué)報(bào)告顯示：跑步比散步、騎車(chē)和游泳更能有效地延長(zhǎng)壽命。這里敘述的是一個(gè)事實(shí)，故用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，且主語(yǔ)是it，表示單數(shù)概念。故填is。6. （2017全國(guó)新課標(biāo)卷I語(yǔ)法填空）This trend, which was started by the medical munity（醫(yī)學(xué)界） as a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side 62 (effect) such as overweight and heart disease the very thing the medical munity was trying to fight.【答案】effects 【解析】考查單復(fù)數(shù)。分析語(yǔ)境可知作者表達(dá)的意思是一些不為人知的副作用，根據(jù)前文的some可知side effect(副作用)有很多，故填effects。7.At the meeting they discussed three different _ to the study of mathematics。A. approachesB. meansC. methodsD. ways【答案】D 8. The school advisers help you talk through your problems but they dont give you any direct_.A. solution B. targetC. measure D. function【答案】A【解析】 句意：學(xué)校顧問(wèn)會(huì)幫你梳理一下你的問(wèn)題，但是他們不會(huì)給你任何直接的解決辦法。本題考查名詞辨析。solution 解決問(wèn)題的辦法；target目標(biāo)，靶子；measure措施；function功能，作用。根據(jù)句意可知選A。9.（2016江蘇卷單項(xiàng)填空） Can you tell us yourfor happiness and a long life? Living every day to the full, definitely.A. recipe B. recordC. rangeD. receipt【答案】A 【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。recipe秘訣，食譜，藥方；record記錄；range范圍；receipt收據(jù)，收條；句意：你能告訴我你對(duì)幸福長(zhǎng)壽的秘密嗎？當(dāng)然是盡情享受每一天。根據(jù)句意可知A項(xiàng)意為秘訣，與上下文相符。10.（2017新課標(biāo)I卷語(yǔ)法填空）As 65 result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing.【答案】a 【解析】考查冠詞。固定短語(yǔ)as a result表示結(jié)果。句意：結(jié)果，人們將吃更多的食物去彌補(bǔ)損失的東西。故填a。11.（2016全國(guó)新課標(biāo)卷II語(yǔ)法填空）Give your body and brain a rest by stepping outside for 48 while, exercising, or doing something you enjoy. 【答案】a【解析】介詞短語(yǔ)for a while意為一會(huì)兒，本句是指通過(guò)鍛煉或做一些你喜歡的事情，讓你的身體和大腦休息一會(huì)兒。12.Dr.PeterSpence,_