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Unit 2 Language 一、閱讀理解。 If a city wants to hold the Olympics，it must submit a proposal to the IOC.After all proposals have been submitted，the IOC votes.If no city with the fewest votes is eliminated(淘汰)，the voting continues，until a majority winner is determined.Typically，the Games are awarded several years in advance，allowing the winning city time to prepare for the Games. In selecting the site of the Olympic Games，the IOC considers a number of factors，and chiefly among them is which organizing mittee seems most likely to stage the Games effectively.The IOC also considers which parts of the world have not yet hosted the Games.For instance，Tokyo，the host of the 1964 Summer Games，and Beijing，that of the 2008 Games，were chosen in part to popularize the Olympic movement in Asia.Because of the growing importance of television worldwide，the IOC in recent years has also taken into account the host citys time zone.Whenever the Games take place in the USA or Canada，for example，American television networks are willing to pay specially higher amounts for television rights because they can broadcast popular events live in the best viewing hours. Once the Games have been awarded，it is the duty of the local organizing mittee—not the IOC or the NOC of the host citys country to provide them with money.This is often done with a part of the Olympic television revenues(收入)，and corporate sponsorships，tickets sales，and other smaller revenue sources.In many cases there is also direct government support.Although many cities have gained amounts of money by hosting the Games，the Olympics can be financially risky.If the financial gains from the Games are less than expected，the city will be left with large debts. 1．________ will be determined to host the Olympic Games by the IOC. A．A city that submits a proposal B．A majority winner in voting C．A city that has perfect time zone D．One that hasnt hosted the Games 2．If the Games take place in Canada，American television networks ________. A．will not pay for the Canadian television networks B．will be forbidden to broadcast live sporting events C．cant broadcast popular events live in the best viewing hours D．a(chǎn)re willing to pay much higher amounts for television rights 3．According to the last paragraph，which following statement is true? A．The host city must be left with large debts. B．There is no financial risk in hosting the Olympic Games. C．The city may gain a lot of money. D．It is impossible that the host city couldnt make money. 4．Which of the following can be the best title of this passage? A．Winner or loser B．Applying for host for the Olympics C．How to host the Olympic Games D．The Olympic Games 【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，主要介紹了申辦奧運(yùn)會(huì)的流程。 【難句分析】Whenever the Games take place in the USA or Canada，for example，American television networks are willing to pay specially higher amounts for television rights because they can broadcast popular events live in the best viewing hours. 分析：該句為主從復(fù)合句。句中Whenever the Games take place in the USA or Canada為whenever引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句；because they can broadcast popular events live in the best viewing hours為because引導(dǎo)的原因狀語(yǔ)從句。 譯文：例如，奧運(yùn)會(huì)無(wú)論在美國(guó)或者在加拿大何時(shí)舉辦，美國(guó)電視網(wǎng)絡(luò)都愿意為電視轉(zhuǎn)播權(quán)支付特別高的費(fèi)用，因?yàn)樗麄兛梢栽谧罴延^(guān)看時(shí)間直播受歡迎的(體育)賽事。 1．B　考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。第一段主要介紹了產(chǎn)生主辦城市的規(guī)則，根據(jù)第一段第二、三句“After all proposals have been submitted，the IOC votes.If no city with the fewest votes is eliminated(淘汰)，the voting continues, until a majority winner is determined”可知，在所有提案提交后，國(guó)際奧委會(huì)投票。如果沒(méi)有得票最少的城市被淘汰，則投票繼續(xù)，直到確定主辦城市。據(jù)此可知，得票數(shù)最多的城市由國(guó)際奧委會(huì)確定為奧運(yùn)會(huì)主辦城市，故B項(xiàng)正確。 2．D　考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段最后一句“Whenever the Games take place in the USA or Canada...because they can broadcast popular events live in the best viewing hours”可知，奧運(yùn)會(huì)無(wú)論在美國(guó)或者在加拿大何時(shí)舉辦，美國(guó)電視網(wǎng)絡(luò)都愿意為電視轉(zhuǎn)播權(quán)支付特別高的費(fèi)用，因?yàn)樗麄兛梢栽谧罴延^(guān)看時(shí)間直播受歡迎的(體育)賽事，故D項(xiàng)正確。 3．C　考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第三段可知，主辦城市能獲得奧運(yùn)會(huì)電視轉(zhuǎn)播、企業(yè)贊助等收入，故主辦城市可能會(huì)獲得許多資金，故C項(xiàng)正確。A、D項(xiàng)與文中最后一段的“If the financial...large debts”內(nèi)容不符；根據(jù)第三段倒數(shù)第二句“Although...the Olympics can be financially risky”可知，盡管許多城市通過(guò)舉辦奧運(yùn)會(huì)獲得了大量資金，但奧運(yùn)會(huì)可能存在財(cái)政風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，故B項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。 4．B　考查標(biāo)題判斷。通讀全文可知，本文主要介紹了申辦奧運(yùn)會(huì)的流程：先向國(guó)際奧委會(huì)提交提案，國(guó)際奧委會(huì)根據(jù)規(guī)則和實(shí)際情況投票選擇主辦城市，一旦確定主辦城市，則該城市應(yīng)積極準(zhǔn)備。故B項(xiàng)最適合作本文的標(biāo)題。 一、單項(xiàng)填空 1.My bed _______ most of the small room in the back house where we are living now so I have to keep the bookshelf in the living room. A. creates B. occupies C. provides D. possesses 【答案】B 【解析】create創(chuàng)造，創(chuàng)作；occupy占領(lǐng)，占據(jù)；provide提供；possess擁有，所有。句意：我睡的床鋪占據(jù)了我現(xiàn)在住的后面屋子小房間的大部分空間，所以我不得不把書(shū)櫥放在會(huì)客廳里。 2.We can see monuments here and there. Those who have made great _______ to human beings and society will never be forgotten. A. advances B. progress C. contributions D. achievements 【答案】C 【解析】句意：我們到處都可以看見(jiàn)紀(jì)念碑。那些為人類(lèi)和社會(huì)做出過(guò)重大貢獻(xiàn)的人是永遠(yuǎn)也不會(huì)被忘記的。advance前進(jìn)，進(jìn)步；progress進(jìn)步；contribution“貢獻(xiàn)”與介詞to連用；achievement“成就，成績(jī)”多與介詞for連用。 3.Eating too much fatty food and smoking can _______ your future risk of heart disease. A. rise B. stop C. move D. raise 【答案】D 【解析】raise增加，及物動(dòng)詞，后面有賓語(yǔ)。句意：吃太多油膩的食物和吸煙會(huì)增加你未來(lái)患心臟病的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。 4.Even if SARFT pletely _______ domestic TV stations from broadcasting advertisements, they could still implant(植入)advertisements into TV shows. A. protected B. differed C. banned D. freed 【答案】C 5.The rescuers in Africa say it is worse than ever as disease and starvation _______ to kill thousands. A. bine B. succeed C. gather D. respond 【答案】A 【解析】bine結(jié)合；succeed成功；gather聚集；respond回答，回應(yīng)。句意：在非洲的救援人員說(shuō)疾病加上饑餓奪走數(shù)千人的生命，嚴(yán)重程度前所未有。 6.—Would it be _______ for you to e at 9:00 am tomorrow? —Can we make it a little earlier? I have another meeting at 10:30 am. A. convenient B. fortable C. vacant D. free 【答案】A 【解析】句意：“你方便明早九點(diǎn)來(lái)嗎？”“我們能早一點(diǎn)兒?jiǎn)?？我十點(diǎn)半還有一個(gè)會(huì)?！眂onvenient便利的，方便的，常用于it is convenient for sb.to do sth.結(jié)構(gòu)。fortable舒服的；vacant空的，空缺的；free自由的，均不符合題意。 7.When it es to my preference for entertainment in the spare time, I prefer gardening to parachuting, because the latter is a dangerous _______. A. occupation B. career C. movement D. devotion 【答案】A 8.As is widely _______, whatever small good deeds we do can definitely _______ a more harmonious society. A. realized; result in B. acknowledged; contribute to C. recognized; result from D. expected; distribute to 【答案】B 【解析】句意：已經(jīng)取得大家的共識(shí)，不管我們做多么小的善事一定會(huì)有助于一個(gè)更加和諧的社會(huì)。acknowledge取得共識(shí)；contribute to有助于。根據(jù)題意可知選B項(xiàng)。 9.A pletely new situation will _______ when the ine tax system es into existence. A. rise B. arise C. arouse D. raise 【答案】B 【解析】rise上升，增強(qiáng)(vi)、使……飛起(vt)；arise 出現(xiàn)，上升，起立(vi)；raise表示提高(vt)；arouse 引起，激起(vt)、覺(jué)醒，醒來(lái)(vi)。句意：新的個(gè)人所得稅制度出臺(tái)后，將會(huì)出現(xiàn)新的局面。 【解析】句意：在新聞發(fā)布會(huì)上，政府發(fā)言人表達(dá)了他對(duì)三名受困工人的關(guān)心。sympathy同情；concern關(guān)心，關(guān)注；concern難過(guò)；anger生氣。 10.In the questionnaire, the subjects are questioned whether they advocate _______ cars in the city center. A. driving B. boycotting C. banning D. stopping 【答案】C 【解析】句意：在問(wèn)卷調(diào)查中，被試被詢(xún)問(wèn)是否提倡在市中心禁止車(chē)輛行駛這一主張。 11.Since I realize the importance of a good plan, I have made greater progress in learning English through the _______ of hard work and planning. A. bination B. convenience C. petence D. consideration 【答案】A 【解析】bination聯(lián)合；convenience便利，方便；petence勝任，能力，資格；consideration考慮，體諒。句意：我意識(shí)到好計(jì)劃的重要性，因此通過(guò)勤奮和規(guī)劃，我在英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)中取得更大的進(jìn)步。 12.Maybe our school president will not be _______ to attend the meeting, for he is pletely occupied with the 80th anniversary ceremony. A. convenient B. available C. reliable D. accessible 【答案】B 【解析】句意：也許我們校長(zhǎng)將沒(méi)時(shí)間出席會(huì)議，因?yàn)樗χ鴮W(xué)校80周年校慶典禮的事情。available表示“有空的，空閑的”符合句意。convenient方便的(一般是it作主語(yǔ)，不可以是“人”作主語(yǔ))；reliable可信賴(lài)的；accessible可進(jìn)入的。 13.When you leave the classroom, ______ to turn off all the lights. A. remembering B. did remember C. not forget D. do remember 【答案】D 【解析】此處應(yīng)是祈使句，又有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的強(qiáng)調(diào)要借助助動(dòng)詞do，故選D。句意：你離開(kāi)教室時(shí)，務(wù)必記住把所有的電燈給關(guān)了。 14._______ person is not prepared for this examination, for example, Zhang Gong and Wang Lin haven’t finished reviewing their lessons. A. Each B. Every C. All D. None 【答案】B 【解析】句意：并非每一個(gè)人都對(duì)這次考試做好了準(zhǔn)備，例如張龔和王林還沒(méi)有復(fù)習(xí)完功課。not與every或each連用表示部分否定，但each強(qiáng)調(diào)整體，而every強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)體。 15. Choosing the right dictionary depends on ________you want to use it for. A. what B. why C. how D. whether 【答案】A 【解析】句意：選擇合適的詞典取決于你想要用它做什么?？疾橘e語(yǔ)從句，what引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，并在從句中充當(dāng)for的賓語(yǔ)。 16.Many students are at a loss as to _______ they spend so much time on language learning, but achieve little. A. that B. why C. how D. which 【答案】B 【解析】as to后面要跟賓語(yǔ)從句，且連詞要在從句中充當(dāng)原因狀語(yǔ)。句意：很多學(xué)生感到困惑的是他們?yōu)槭裁丛谡Z(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)上花費(fèi)了那么多的時(shí)間但卻收效甚微。 17.The prize, according to the rule, should go to _______ we think has done his or her part for the success of this project. A. who B. whom C. whoever D. whomever 【答案】C 18、No matter how bright a talker you are, there are times when it’s better _______ silent. A. remain B. be remaining C. having remained D. to remain 【答案】D 【解析】it做形式主語(yǔ)，真正的主語(yǔ)是后面的不定式：to remain silent. 可歸結(jié)為句型：it is +形容詞/名詞+to do/that…。當(dāng)然it也可以做形式賓語(yǔ)，如find/feel it +to do/that…。句意：不管你是一個(gè)多么聰明的說(shuō)客，但有時(shí)候保持沉默更好。 三、完形填空 Jake Olson lost his left eye when he was eight months old because of a born cancer. 1 it was controlled through treatments，it reappeared and 2 the loss of his right eye.But after years of cheering for his favorite football team，Jake has 3 the impossible dream.He’s now a part of the team，despite his total 4 ，playing the game not based on sight but on 5 ． Being a 6 fan of the USC Trojans，one of Jake’s last 7 before he lost his eye was to watch the team play at Notre Dame.His strong liking for the sport didn’t go 8 —former USC coach Pete reached the boy，inviting him to meet the 9 ． Inspired by those players，Jake hoped to be 10 in his school’s football team.At first he didn’t think he would be of any real 11 ，but when he heard people’s cheers for football players，his love for football strengthened.So Jake 12 the coach，asking to join the team.The coach told him to 13 the next season.So Jake spent his time practicing hard. 14 ，he became a starter on the team in the next season.Having made his high school football team，it didn’t seem too 15 to do the same in college.Coach Steve agreed that Jake 16 the requirements of the team.So Jake’s dream came true. 17 football，Jake is also a motivational speaker.“I went into football with the thought that I had nothing to 18 ，” Jake said.“I really had no fear.Going through 19 in life does make you stronger.Life’s unfair，but it’s 20 me not to give up and keep fighting.” 【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】　本文是一篇記敘文。Jake Olson雙目失明，但這并沒(méi)有阻止他對(duì)運(yùn)動(dòng)的熱愛(ài)。他是高中和大學(xué)橄欖球隊(duì)的隊(duì)員，并且他還是一位勵(lì)志演講人。 1．A.Unless B．Though C．Only if D．Now that B　解析：根據(jù)下文的“it was controlled through treatments，it reappeared...”可知，此處指盡管(Though)經(jīng)過(guò)治療，癌癥被控制住了，但是它還是復(fù)發(fā)了，并導(dǎo)致(led to)Jake Olson失去了他的右眼。主從句之間存在讓步關(guān)系，故選Though。 2．A.backed off B．held back C．broke down D．led to D　解析：參見(jiàn)上題解析。back off“退縮，退卻”；hold back“抑制，阻止”；break down“出故障，崩潰”。 3．A.forgotten B．quitted C．realized D．ignored C　解析：但是，在為他最喜歡的橄欖球隊(duì)加油多年之后，Jake實(shí)現(xiàn)了(realized)那個(gè)不可能的夢(mèng)。下文中的“Jake’s dream came true”亦是提示。forget“忘記”；quit“放棄”；ignore“忽視”。 4．A.blindness B．a(chǎn)bsence C．deafness D．innocence A　解析：根據(jù)上文中的“l(fā)ost his left eye”“the loss of his right eye”可知，此處指盡管Jake雙目失明(blindness)，但他現(xiàn)在成了球隊(duì)的一員。absence“缺席”；deafness“聾”；innocence“清白”。 5．A.ability B．guess C．feel D．imagination C　解析：根據(jù)上文提到的Jake雙目失明的內(nèi)容可知，此處指的應(yīng)是他打球靠的不是視力而是感覺(jué)(feel)。ability“能力”；guess“猜測(cè)”；imagination“想象”。 6．A.responsible B．faithful C．careful D．temporary B　解析：根據(jù)語(yǔ)境及上文的“years of cheering for his favorite football team”可知，此處指作為USC Trojans球隊(duì)的忠實(shí)粉絲，Jake在失去視力之前最后的愿望(wishes)之一是觀(guān)看球隊(duì)在Notre Dame的比賽。responsible“負(fù)責(zé)任的”；faithful“忠實(shí)的”；careful“細(xì)心的”；temporary“臨時(shí)的”。 7．A.chances B．promises C．courses D．wishes D　解析：參見(jiàn)上題解析。 8．A.unnoticed B．unsolved C．unreported D．unlimited A　解析：根據(jù)下文的“former USC coach Pete reached the boy，inviting him to...”可知，此處指Jake對(duì)運(yùn)動(dòng)的熱愛(ài)并不是不被注意的。unnoticed“未被注意的，被忽視的”；unsolved“未解決的”；unreported“未報(bào)道的”；unlimited“無(wú)限制的，無(wú)條件的”。 9．A.leaders B．players C．fans D．coaches B　解析：根據(jù)語(yǔ)境及上文提到的Jake是球隊(duì)的忠實(shí)粉絲以及想觀(guān)看球隊(duì)的比賽的內(nèi)容可知，此處應(yīng)是指教練Pete邀請(qǐng)Jake跟球員們(players)見(jiàn)面。下文中的“Inspired by those players”是關(guān)鍵的提示信息。 10．A.occupied B．involved C．trapped D．a(chǎn)bsorbed B　解析：受到那些球員們的鼓舞，Jake希望自己能加入學(xué)校的橄欖球隊(duì)。be involved in是固定搭配，意為“參與，參加”。be occupied in“忙于”；be trapped in“被困在”；be absorbed in“全神貫注于”。 11．A.interest B．hope C．use D．concern C　解析：此處指盡管Jake想加入學(xué)校的橄欖球隊(duì)，但是因?yàn)樽陨碛袣埣?，Jake最初覺(jué)得自己加入球隊(duì)并不會(huì)有什么實(shí)際的用處(use)。 12．A.approached B．a(chǎn)ppreciated C．recognized D．greeted A　解析：因此，Jake找了教練，請(qǐng)求加入球隊(duì)。approach“靠近，接洽”；appreciate“感謝，欣賞”；recognize“認(rèn)出，認(rèn)可”；greet“問(wèn)候”。 13．A.pull through B．set out C．leave off D．e back D　解析：根據(jù)下文的“the next season...he became a starter on the team in the next season”可知，此處指教練叫Jake下個(gè)賽季再回來(lái)。pull through“痊愈，康復(fù)”；set out“動(dòng)身踏上”；leave off“停止”；e back“回來(lái)，返回”。 14．A.Gradually B．Finally C．Recently D．Accidentally B　解析：所以Jake花時(shí)間刻苦練習(xí)，最后，在下個(gè)賽季，他成了球隊(duì)的上場(chǎng)球員。gradually“逐漸地”；finally“最后，終于”；recently“最近”；accidentally“偶然地，意外地”。 15．A.difficult B．a(chǎn)ccessible C．a(chǎn)ttractive D．necessary A　解析：根據(jù)上文的“Having made his high school football team”可知，因?yàn)橛辛烁咧械那蜿?duì)經(jīng)歷，成為大學(xué)球隊(duì)的隊(duì)員似乎也不是太難。difficult“困難的”；accessible“可接近的”；attractive“吸引人的”；necessary“必要的”。 16．A.refreshed B．pleted C．satisfied D．a(chǎn)cquired C　解析：根據(jù)句中的“Coach Steve agreed”及下文中的“So Jake’s dream came true.”可知，此處指教練Steve覺(jué)得Jake達(dá)到了球隊(duì)的要求，因此Jake加入大學(xué)球隊(duì)的夢(mèng)想實(shí)現(xiàn)了。refresh“更新”；plete“完成”；satisfy“滿(mǎn)足”；acquire“獲得”。 17．A.Apart from B．Instead of C．Regardless of D．Except for A　解析：根據(jù)下文的“Jake is also a motivational speaker”可知，除了打橄欖球之外，Jake也是一位勵(lì)志演講人。apart from“除……之外(還有)”；instead of“而不是”；regardless of“不管”；except for“除……之外”。 18．A.share B．lose C．offer D．desire B　解析：根據(jù)語(yǔ)境及下文的“I really had no fear.”可知，此處指Jake起初是帶著自己沒(méi)有任何可失去(lose)的東西的想法開(kāi)始打橄欖球的。 19．A.failures B．challenges C．petitions D．fears B　解析：Jake身有殘疾，所以要面對(duì)許多生活中的挑戰(zhàn)(challenges)，而這也使他變得更加堅(jiān)強(qiáng)。failure“失敗”；petition“競(jìng)爭(zhēng)”；fear“恐懼”。 20．A.warned B．begged C．convinced D．taught D　解析：根據(jù)上文內(nèi)容可知，此處指的是生活是不公平的，但它教會(huì)Jake不要放棄，要堅(jiān)持下去。warn“警告”；beg“乞求”；convince“說(shuō)服”；teach“教”。 四、短文改錯(cuò)。 When I was in the Grade One，I was terrible poor in English.Be sleepy in class was one of the reasons why I rarely did well in school.Once I even failed in a midterm exam.While I got the papers，I realized that things would be better if I listened to the teacher attentively.My teacher told me，“Yesterday is history.Today is a gift.If you bury you in English now, you’ll make it.”I can’t agree much.From then on，I began to study harder.Out of my expectation，I made great achievement soon.Today，English is which my strength lies.And I’m grateful for my English teacher. 答案： When I was in Grade One，I was poor in English. sleepy in class was one of the reasons why I rarely did well in school.Once I even failed in a midterm exam. I got the papers，I realized that things would be better if I listened to the teacher attentively.My teacher told me，“Yesterday is history.Today is a gift.If you bury in English now, you’ll make it.”I can’t agree .From then on，I began to study harder.Out of my expectation，I made great soon.Today，English is my strength lies.And I’m grateful my English teacher.