專題06 定語從句易錯點1 關(guān)系代詞與關(guān)系副詞的混用1. A man with a bleeding hand hurried in and asked, Is there a hospital around _ I can get some medicine for my wounded hand？A. thatB. whichC. whereD. what【錯因分析】容易誤選 B，認(rèn)為 around是介詞，選 which用以代替前面的名詞 hospital，在此用作介詞 around的賓語。【參考答案】 C2. She says that shell never forget the time _ shes spent working as a secretary in our pany.A. whichB. whenC. howD. where【錯因分析】容易誤選 B，機(jī)械地認(rèn)為時間名詞后必須用關(guān)系副詞when，地點名詞后用關(guān)系副詞 where。【試題解析】在時間名詞和地點名詞后是否用關(guān)系副詞要看它在定語從句中充當(dāng)什么句子成分。一般說來，若用作主語或賓語，用關(guān)系代詞；若用作狀語，則用關(guān)系副詞。該題中的動詞 spent缺賓語，故應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞 which或 that?！緟⒖即鸢浮緼1.定語從句相當(dāng)于一個形容詞，起定詞作用， 修飾名詞或代詞2.定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞的三種功用:( 1)引導(dǎo)定語從句(2)替代先行詞(3)在定語從句中充當(dāng)一定的成分。3.解題要領(lǐng):根據(jù)定語從句中所缺成分來確定是用關(guān)系代詞還是關(guān)系副詞，決不要因先行詞是時間名詞就用when，是地點名詞就用where。1.【2018江蘇】Self-drivingisanarea_ Chinaandtherestoftheworldareonthesamestarting line.A. that B. whereC. which D. when【答案】B2. The boss of the pany is trying to create an easy atmosphere _ his employees enjoy their work.A. where B. whichC. whenD. who【解析】 句意：公司老板正盡力創(chuàng)造一種輕松的氣氛，在這種氣氛中，其員工喜歡他們的工作。句中先行詞為atmosphere，在從句中作地點狀語，故用關(guān)系副詞where。根據(jù)句意可知選A?！敬鸢浮?A【名師點睛】定語從句是高考重點考查知識之一，分析定語從句需要牢牢抓住兩點：第一、找準(zhǔn)先行詞。第二、看先行詞在從句中所作的成分。抓住這兩點，再根據(jù)句意，從而能夠判斷出正確的關(guān)系詞。易錯點2 關(guān)系代詞who、whom、whose的誤用The book tells stories of the earthquake through the eyes of those _ lives were affected.A. whose B. that C. who D. whom【錯因分析】此題易誤選C。關(guān)鍵的問題是沒有弄清句子結(jié)構(gòu)，不知道先行詞是哪一個，或者是不知道關(guān)系詞在定語從句中作何成分?！驹囶}解析】考查定語從句。先行詞指人且在句中作定語修飾其后的名詞lives， 所以用whose。句意為：這本書以那些生活受到地震影響的人們的眼光講述了這次地震的許多故事?！緟⒖即鸢浮緼對于定語從句關(guān)系詞的考查，首先要確定從句是什么類型的從句，然后再分析關(guān)系詞在從句中的成分，最后選擇正確的詞。要求考生具有一定的句子分析能力，和理解能力。如果缺少主賓表，要用that或which，缺少狀語用關(guān)系副詞when，where，why，缺少定語用whose。1.【2018天津】Kae, _sister I shared a room with when we were at college, has gone to work in Australia.A. whom B. thatC. whose D. her【答案】C2. A pany _profits from home markets are declining may seek opportunities abroad. A. which B. whose C. who D. why 【解析】這是一個定語從句，a pany 是先行詞，profit和 a pany是所屬關(guān)系，所以要用關(guān)系代詞whose。句意：在國內(nèi)市場利潤減少的公司可能會尋求國外發(fā)展的機(jī)會。故答案選B?！敬鸢浮?B易錯點3 關(guān)系代詞that和which的誤用（2017新課標(biāo)卷II短文改錯）In their spare time, they are interesting（改為interested） in planting vegetables in their garden, that is on the rooftop of their house.【錯因分析】 此題錯誤的原因在于不清楚that不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句?！驹囶}解析】非限制性定語從句需要用which引導(dǎo)，故將that改為which?！緟⒖即鸢浮?that改為which只用which，不能用that的情況（1） 在介詞提前到關(guān)系代詞之前形成介詞關(guān)系代詞結(jié)構(gòu)來修飾表事物的先行詞時， 關(guān)系代詞必須用which.如：The house in which we live is very large. 我們住的房子非常大。這就是老師正在談及的那本參考書。注意： 如果介詞不放在修飾事物的限定性定語從句的句首， which就可換為that， 如： This is the question which/that weve had so much discussion about. =This is the question about which weve had so much discussion. 這就是我們已經(jīng)多次討論過的問題。（2） 先行詞為those表事物的復(fù)數(shù)名詞時， 關(guān)系代詞通常只用which而不用that。如：Students should keep in mind those regulations which restrict their behavior. 學(xué)生應(yīng)牢記那些規(guī)范自己的行為準(zhǔn)則。A bookshop should deal with a variety of those best sellers which are newly published. 書店應(yīng)該經(jīng)營新出版的各種暢銷書。（3）當(dāng)先行詞指物，關(guān)系詞在句中作主語或賓語，引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句的關(guān)系詞只能用which，而不用that。1.【2018北京】She and her family bicycle to work, _ helps them keep fit.A. which B. who C. as D. that【答案】A2.（2017新課標(biāo)卷I語法填空）Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both, 70 is not good for the health.【解析】句意：很可能攝入過多的脂肪和鹽，那對健康沒有好處。分析可知which is not good for the health為非限制性定語從句，先行詞是前面的整句話?！敬鸢浮?which易錯點4 介詞后接關(guān)系代詞的誤用 (2017江蘇卷單項填空) In 1963 the UN set up the World Food Programme, one of _ purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation.A. which B. its C. whose D. whom 【錯因分析】此題易誤選A，原因是沒有搞清楚，先行詞是哪個，關(guān)系詞在定語從句中作什么成分?！緟⒖即鸢浮?C 使用介詞關(guān)系代詞要注意以下幾點：(一)選用介詞的依據(jù)：(1) 根據(jù)定語從句中謂語動詞的搭配習(xí)慣(即固定短語)。(2) 根據(jù)先行詞的搭配習(xí)慣(約定俗成，不一定是短語)。(3) 根據(jù)句子的意思來選擇。(4) 表示所有關(guān)系或整體中的一部分時，通常用介詞of。(二)在定語從句中，含介詞的短語動詞不可拆開使用(短語拆開后含義發(fā)生變化)，如look after, look for等。(三)of which / whom有時可以用whose名詞結(jié)構(gòu)來改寫。(四)當(dāng)先行詞為way并且定語從句中缺少狀語時，通常用in which或that引導(dǎo)定語從句(in which或that可省略)；如果定語從句中不缺少狀語，則用關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)(that 或which 可省略)。(五)in that不可以引導(dǎo)定語從句，但可以引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句。二、介詞關(guān)系代詞與關(guān)系副詞的轉(zhuǎn)化(1)當(dāng)先行詞表示地點，定語從句中缺少地點狀語時，通常用關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)，此時也可選用表示地點的介詞which來代替關(guān)系副詞where。(2) 當(dāng)先行詞表示時間，定語從句中缺少時間狀語時，通常用關(guān)系副詞when引導(dǎo)，此時也可選用表示時間的介詞which來代替關(guān)系副詞when。(3) 當(dāng)先行詞為reason，定語從句中缺少表示原因狀語時，通常用關(guān)系副詞why引導(dǎo)，此時也可以用for which來代替關(guān)系副詞why。（2016 江蘇卷單項填空）Many young people, most _were well-educated, headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.A. of whichB. of themC. of whomD. of those【答案】 C易錯點5 定語從句與同位語從句的區(qū)別News came from the school office _ Wang Lin had been admitted to Peking University.A. which B. that C. what D. where【錯因分析】此題易誤選D。錯誤的原因在于把_ Wang Lin had been admitted to Peking University當(dāng)成了定語從句，空處為關(guān)系副詞，在定語從句中作地點狀語?！驹囶}解析】本題屬于分割式同位語從句，謂語came較短，同位語從句較長，名詞和同位語從句被from the school office 分開，that 引導(dǎo)同位語從句Wang Lin had been admitted to Beijing University解釋news的內(nèi)容，在句中起引導(dǎo)作用，沒有具體的意思。故選B?！緟⒖即鸢浮?B定語從句與同位語從句的區(qū)別：1.被修飾的詞不同：同位語從句的前面一般是數(shù)量有限的、表示抽象意義的名詞；而定語從句的先行詞是無數(shù)的指人或物名詞。2.從句的作用不同：同位語從句表示同位名詞的具體內(nèi)容，而定語從句是對先行詞的限制、描繪或說明。3.引導(dǎo)詞不同：what, how, whether等不能用引導(dǎo)定語從句，但可用于引導(dǎo)同位從句。4.引導(dǎo)詞的作用不同：引導(dǎo)同位語從句的that是連詞，在從句中不充當(dāng)任何成分；而引導(dǎo)定語從句的that為關(guān)系代詞，在從句中充當(dāng)一定的句子成分。5.判定定語從句和同位語從句的方法：由于同位語從句是用以說明被修飾名詞的具體內(nèi)容的，所它可以轉(zhuǎn)換同位名詞的表語；而定語從句則不能作這種轉(zhuǎn)換。 The only way to succeed at the highest level is to have total belief you are better than anyone else on the sports field.A. how B. thatC. whichD. whether【答案】B易錯點6 定語從句與強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的區(qū)別（2016天津卷單項填空）You are waiting at a wrong place. It is at the hotel_ the coach picks up tourists.A. whoB. whichC. whereD. that【錯因分析】此題易誤選C。錯誤的原因在于沒有弄清楚這是一個強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，而把它當(dāng)作了定語從句?！驹囶}解析】考查強(qiáng)調(diào)句。句意：你在一個錯誤的地方等待。大客車是在旅店接送游客的。使用強(qiáng)調(diào)句，結(jié)構(gòu)是：It is/was+強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that+其余部分，如果強(qiáng)調(diào)部分是人，也可以用who，這句話強(qiáng)調(diào)的是地點狀語at the hotel。故選D?！緟⒖即鸢浮?D定語從句對名詞或代詞的修飾和限制，關(guān)系詞可能是that, which, as, who, but, 另一方面，句子中的It有所指；而強(qiáng)調(diào)句型是對某部分加強(qiáng)語氣，強(qiáng)調(diào)語氣的連接詞只能是that, who，并且句子中的It 沒有任何意義；一般比較明顯，而有時就難以區(qū)別，還需要根據(jù)上下文的語境來判斷。它究竟是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型還是定語從句，就要從語境上來考查。如果它是用來回答What is this / that? 這樣的問題，意思是：它是一本他想要的書。句子顯然是定語從句。如果是用來回答What does he want? 這樣的問題，那么意思是：他想要的是一本書。顯然，句子是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。1.【2018天津】It was only when the car pulled up in front of our house _we saw Lily in the passenger seat.A. which B. thatC. when D. where【答案】B2. Where did the professor made the speech yesterday?It was in the hall _ the students often have a meeting _ the professor made the speech yesterday.A. that；whichB. where；thatC. that；whenD. where；when【解析】考查定語從句和強(qiáng)調(diào)句的用法。在第一空處是定語從句，先行詞是the hall，關(guān)系詞在從句中作地點狀語，所以此處應(yīng)用where；第二空處是強(qiáng)調(diào)句，所以此處應(yīng)用that?！敬鸢浮緽易錯點7 關(guān)系代詞as和which的區(qū)別He has made as much progress _ is enough for him to be admitted to Fudan University.A.asB.thatC.whatD.which【錯因分析】 此題對于B、D兩項都可能誤選，錯誤原因在于沒有弄清楚先行詞被as修飾，引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系詞要用as引導(dǎo)?！緟⒖即鸢浮?A 關(guān)系代詞as和which引導(dǎo)定語從句的不同點1. as可以放在主句前后，也可插入主句之中；而which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句只能位于主句之后。2. 在非限制性定語從句中，which后的be動詞不可??；而as后的be動詞可以省略。3. which在非限制性定語從句中作主語時可用各類動詞作謂語；而as作主語時，謂語常用系動詞，如be，seem，bee等，一般不用其他行為動詞。4. as常用正如含義，常用的結(jié)構(gòu)有as we know（眾所周知）；as often happens（正如常發(fā)生的那樣）；as is often the case（情況常常如此）；as we all can see（正如我們看到的）；be announced / expected / known / imagined / mentioned / said / shown / reported等。這些結(jié)構(gòu)常放句首，偶爾也可以放句中或句末。5. 非限制性定語從句中，which可指代主句中的某一個單詞，as不可以。6. 介詞+關(guān)系代詞（介賓代物）中關(guān)系代詞只能用which。7. 從句中的謂語動詞是否定形式時，常用which。 The number of smokers，_is reported, has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.A.itB.whichC.whatD.as【答案】D一、關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞基本用法根據(jù)關(guān)系詞在定語從句中的不同用法，可分為關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。關(guān)系代詞主要有who, whom, which, that, whose等，在定語從句中作主語、賓語、定語等；關(guān)系副詞主要有when, where, why等，在定語從句中作狀語。具體用法如下：1.關(guān)系代詞的用法當(dāng)先行詞指人時，若它在從句中作主語，則用who；若它在從句作賓語，則用whom或who；若它在從句中作定語，則用whose。如：The man who told me this refused to tell me his name.告訴我這事的人不肯告訴我他的名字。The woman whose umbrella you took is very angry about it.你拿了那個女人的傘，她非常生氣。當(dāng)先行詞指物時，若在定語從句中作主語或賓語，則用which；若它在定語從句中作定語用，則用of which或whose。如：I saw something in the paper which might interest you.我在報上看到一樣可能使你感興趣的東西。Hes written a book the name of which (whose name) Ive forgotten.他寫了一本書，書名我給忘了。2.關(guān)系副詞的用法關(guān)系副詞主要有when, where, why等，在定語從句中作狀語，分別表示時間、在點和原因。when主要放在time, day, years, season, age, occasion等時間的名詞后；where主要放在place, city, town, village, house等地點名詞后；why則通常只放在reason后。如(.yygrammar.)：Wednesday is the day when the shops are not open in the afternoon.星期三下午商店不開門。Give me one reason why we should help you.給我舉出一個我們應(yīng)當(dāng)幫助你的理由。要特別注意，activity,case, point, even, situation, job, organization, position等抽象名詞后接where引導(dǎo)定語從句的用法(這是近幾年高考的一個新熱點)。如：I dont want a job where Im chained to a desk all day.我不想找一份整天坐辦公桌前的工作。Today, well discuss a number of cases where beginners of English fail to use the language properly.今天，我們將討論一些英語初學(xué)者對英語使用不當(dāng)?shù)膯栴}。The treatment will continue until the patient reaches the point where he can walk correctly and safely.治療將會持續(xù)到病人可以正常且安全地行走。If you risk something important, you cause it to be in a dangerous situation where you might lose it.你如果拿重要的東西去冒險，那你就是將它置于一種可能會失去它的危險境地。二、使用非限制性定語從句的情況：1. 關(guān)系代詞指代整個主句時，使用非限制性定語從句。You did a lot for me, for which I was grateful. 你為我做了許多，對此我很感激。The Diaoyu Island belongs to China, as is known to us. 眾所周知，釣魚島屬于中國。A middle-aged woman killed her husband, which frightened me very much. 一個中年女子殺害了自己的丈夫,這令我十分恐懼。2. 當(dāng)先行詞指的是世界上獨一無二的事物或人名地名等專有名詞時，使用非限制性定語從句。China, which is my motherland, is developing fast. 中國是我的祖國，正在快速發(fā)展。Eason, who was a pop star, got married last year. 伊森去年結(jié)婚了，他是明星。Last Sunday they reached Nanjing , where a conference was to be held. 他們上周日到達(dá)南京，有個會議要在那里舉行。3. 當(dāng)先行詞指的是某人只有一個親屬（son，daughter等）時，使用非限制性定語從句。He has a daughter, who is studying in London. 他有個女兒，現(xiàn)在正在倫敦學(xué)習(xí)。（只有一個女兒）This is my teacher, who has something to tell you. 這是我的老師，他有一些事情要告訴你。三、限制性定語從句與非限制性定語從句的區(qū)別1. 形式不同 限制性定語從句主句和從句之間不用逗號隔開，口語中使用時也不停頓；而非限制性定語從句與主句之間通常有逗號隔開，口語中使用時有停頓。 2. 功能不同 限制性定語從句用于對先行詞的意義進(jìn)行修飾、限制和識別，如果去掉，就會造成句意不完整或概念不清；而非限制性定語從句用于對先行詞起補(bǔ)充說明作用，如果省略，句意仍然清楚、完整。People who take physical exercise live longer. 進(jìn)行體育鍛煉的人活得長些。(若把從句去掉句子就失去意義) His daughter, who is in Boston now, is ing home next week. 他女兒現(xiàn)在在波士頓，下星期回來。(若把從句去掉，句子意義仍然完整) 3. 翻譯不同 在翻譯定語從句時，一般把限制性定語從句翻譯在它所修飾的先行詞之前，而把非限制性定語從句與主句分開。He is the man whose car was stolen. 他就是汽車被竊的那個人。 Ive invited Jim, who lives in the next flat. 我邀請了吉姆，他就住在隔壁。 4. 含義不同 比較下面的兩個句子： I have a sister who is a doctor. 我有一個醫(yī)生的姐姐。(姐姐不止一個) I have a sister, who is a doctor. 我有一個姐姐，她是當(dāng)醫(yī)生的。(只有一個姐姐) 5. 先行詞不同 限制性定語從句的先行詞只能是名詞或代詞，而非限制性定語從句的先行詞則可以是名詞或代詞，也可以是短語或句子；另外，當(dāng)先行詞為專有名詞或其他具有獨一無二性的普通名詞時，通常要用非限制性定語從句，而不用限制性定語從句。Peter drove too fast, which was dangerous. 彼得開車很快，這是很危險的。(which指drive too fast) He changed his mind, which made me very angry. 他改變了主意，這使我很生氣。(which指整個主句)Mr. Smith, who is our boss, will leave for Japan next week. 我們的老板史密斯先生下周要去日本。(先行詞為專有名詞，要用非限制性定語從句修飾) Her father, who has a lot of money, wishes her to study abroad. 她父親很有錢，希望她出國學(xué)習(xí)。(先行詞為表獨一無二意義的普通名詞，要用非限制性定語從句修飾) 6. 關(guān)系詞不同 關(guān)系詞that和why可用于限制性定語從句中，通常不用于非限制性定語從句；另外，在限制性定語從句中，關(guān)系詞有時可以省略，而在非限制性定語從句中關(guān)系詞一律不能省略。四、介詞+關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句：介詞關(guān)系代詞的用法當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作介詞賓語時，我們通常用介詞關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)定語從句。如果指人，用介詞whom；如果指物，用介詞which。 介詞關(guān)系代詞結(jié)構(gòu)中介詞的選用1.一般來說，確定關(guān)系代詞前的介詞，可以從以下三方面入手：先行詞的意義；從句中的動詞或形容詞與先行詞的固定搭配；句子的意思。Ill never forget the time during which I spent my childhood in the country.我永遠(yuǎn)不會忘記孩童時代我在鄉(xiāng)村度過的時光。2.表示整體和部分關(guān)系，介詞常用of。在some，any，few，none，all，both，neither，most，each等代詞或數(shù)詞的前、后可以用of which/whom。John invited about 40 people to his wedding，most of whom are family members.約翰邀請了大約40人參加他的婚禮，他們當(dāng)中絕大部分是家庭成員。3.有時介詞where可以引導(dǎo)定語從句，此時要和介詞which引導(dǎo)的定語從句從意思上加以區(qū)別。His head soon appeared out of the window，from where he saw nothing but trees.他的頭很快從窗口探了出來，從那里除了樹木他什么也看不到。(from where相當(dāng)于from out of the window，而不是from the window)在定語從句中，含介詞的短語動詞不可拆開使用(短語拆開后含義發(fā)生變化)，如look after, look for等。of which / whom有時可以用whose名詞結(jié)構(gòu)來改寫。當(dāng)先行詞為way并且定語從句中缺少狀語時，通常用in which或that引導(dǎo)定語從句(in which或that可省略)；如果定語從句中不缺少狀語，則用關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)(that 或which 可省略)。 五、關(guān)系代詞只用that而不用 which的情況1.先行詞是all，something，everything，anything，nothing，little，much，few等不定代詞或先行詞被all，any，every，no，little，much，some等詞修飾。All the people that e from the country work much harder.所有來自農(nóng)村的人工作都更努力得多。2.先行詞被序數(shù)詞、 形容詞最高級、 the only， the very， the last等修飾時， 關(guān)系代詞通常只用that， 不用which.如：The first English novel that I read was Cities. 我讀的第一本英文小說是城市。This is one of the most exciting football games that I have ever seen. 這是我見過的最激動人心的足球比賽之一。This is the only thing that we can do now. 這是我們現(xiàn)在惟一能做的事情。3.先行詞既有人又有物時， 關(guān)系代詞只用that， 不用which.如：The scientist and his achievements that you told me about are admired by us all. 我們所有人都?xì)J佩你告訴我的那位科學(xué)家和他所取得的成就。The foreign visitors spoke highly of the pioneers and their performances that they saw at the Childrens Palace. 外國游客高度贊揚了他們在少年宮所看到的少先隊員以及他們的表演。4.關(guān)系代詞在限定性定語從句中作表語并帶有類比含義時， 通常只用that， 不用which.如：He is no longer the star that he was. 他不再是過去的那位明星了。Our school is no longer the school that it used to be. 我們的學(xué)校不再是以前的那所學(xué)校了。5.句中其他位置已出現(xiàn)which， 為避免重復(fù)， 不用which而用that引導(dǎo)限定性定語從句。如： Which is the car that has overtaken us？ 超過我們的是哪輛車？1. (2018新課標(biāo)卷I語法填空)Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 66 showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all causes.【答案】that/which【解析】that或which 考查定語從句的關(guān)系詞。此處a study是先行詞，其在定語從句中作主語，故填that或which。2. (2018新課標(biāo)卷II語法填空)The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005when the government started a soil-testing program _69_ gives specific fertilizer remendations to farmers - and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons.【答案】that/which 3.（2018新課標(biāo)II卷短文改錯）They also had a small pond which they raised fish.【答案】which前加in 或which改為where 【解析】考查定語從句的關(guān)系詞。他們還有一個小池塘，里面養(yǎng)著魚。此處a small pond是先行詞，其在后面的定語從句中作地點狀語，故用in which或where。4. （2017新課標(biāo)卷III語法填空）But Sarah, 64 has taken part in shows along with top models, wants to prove (prove) that she has brains as well as beauty.【答案】 who5.（2016全國新課標(biāo)卷I語法填空）But my connection with pandas goes back 64（to） my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s, 65 I was the first Western TV reporter 66（permitted） (permit) to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild. 【答案】when【解析】考查定語從句。后面是非限制性定語從句，從句中缺少狀語，又因先行詞是時間，故填when。6. (2017新課標(biāo)卷III短文改錯)Around me in picture are the things they were very important in my life at that time: car magazines and musical instruments.【答案】 theythat/which 【解析】考查定語從句。they不能引導(dǎo)定語從句，因為指代things，所以把they改為that或者which。7.(2017北京卷單項填空）The little problems _ we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions.A. that B. as C. where D. when 【答案】A【解析】考查定語從句。先行詞是 the little problems, 在從句中作 meet的賓語，故選關(guān)系代詞that。句意：我們在日常生活中遇到的那些小問題有可能會成為偉大發(fā)明的靈感。8.Among the many dangers_ sailors have to face, probably the greatest of all is fog.A. which B. what C. where D. when 【答案】A【解析】分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，_sailors have to face 是定語從句，修飾先行詞the many dangers，且從句缺少賓語，要用關(guān)系代詞。 因此A選項正確。句意為 在水手不得不面對的許多危險中，可能最大的是霧霾。9.（2016天津卷單項填空）We will put off the picnic in the park until next week, the weather may be better.A. thatB. whereC. whichD. when【答案】D【解析】句意：我們將把公園的野餐推遲到下個星期，那時天氣可能會更好。這是一個定語從句，先行詞是next week，定語從句缺少時間狀語，所以用關(guān)系副詞when引導(dǎo)。故選D。10.Experiments with domestic dogs, one animal was given a treat and another denied, have shown that they possess a sense of fairness as they shared their treats.A. whatB. whereC. thatD. which【答案】B11.(2017天津卷單項填空)My eldest son, _ work takes him all over the world, is in New York at the moment.A. that B. whose C. his D. who【答案】B【解析】 考查定語從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處缺少非限制性定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞，且與其后名詞有所屬關(guān)系，故應(yīng)用whose引導(dǎo)。句意：我大兒子目前在紐約，他的工作讓他全世界到處跑。12.You must learn to read people, _ will be necessary if you work in a team.A. whoB. that C. whichD. what【答案】C 【解析】考查非限制性定語從句的關(guān)系詞的用法。句意：你必須學(xué)會如何看懂別人，如果你在一個團(tuán)隊中工作的話，這一點會很有必要。這里空處指代整個前面句子的意思在從句中作主語，且有逗號與前句隔開，因此要用which，故選C。13. Dad, lets go white-water rafting!Ok. But equip yourself first. It is not such an easy job _ it looks.A.asB.whichC.thatD.what【答案】A 【解析】考查定語從句。句意：爸爸，我們?nèi)グ桌似靼?。好的，但是首先要裝備好。這不像看起來的那么容易。使用定語從句，先行詞是such an easy job，定語從句缺少表語，用as引導(dǎo)。故選A。14. _ is known to us all, failure usually results from laziness while diligence can result in success.A.WhatB.WhichC.AsD.When【答案】C 15. Pointing to the house on _ roof grew lots of bushes, the old man told me that was _ I would stay.A. its；whatB. whose；whatC. whose；whereD. its；where【答案】C 【解析】考查定語從句和表語從句。句意：老人指著那個屋頂上長著許多灌木的房子對我說，那就是我將要待的地方。house是先行詞，與roof是所屬關(guān)系，故用whose引導(dǎo)；that was _ I would stay是told的賓語從句，該從句中that是主語，_ I would stay是表語從句，從句中缺少地點狀語，所以用where引導(dǎo)。16. _seems to be no possibility_Bob can win first prize in the match.A.There; thatB.It; thatC.There; whetherD.It; whether【答案】A 【解析】考查there be結(jié)構(gòu)和it作形式主語的區(qū)別。第一空為there be句式，故用There；第二空的that引導(dǎo)的是同位語從句，用來解釋說明possibility的具體內(nèi)容。17. _he told Toms parents was the news _Tom had been admitted to a key university, _, of course, made them feel very excited.A.What; which; whichB.That; that; whichC.What; that; whichD.That; that; what【答案】C 18. （2017浙江卷語法填空）Pahlsson and her husband now think the ring probably got swept (sweep) into a pile of kitchen rubbish and was spread over the garden, 64 it remained until the carrots leafy top accidentally sprouted (生長) through it.【答案】where 【解析】分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，所填詞引導(dǎo)定語從句，定語從句中缺少地點狀語，先行詞為the garden，表示地點，故填關(guān)系副詞where。19. （2018浙江卷語法填空）Many westerners 57 e to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap it can be to eat out.【答案】who/that 【解析】考查關(guān)系代詞。句中包含定語從句，先行詞是westerners指人，在定語從句中做主語，用關(guān)系代詞who/that引導(dǎo)，故填who/that。20. （2017新課標(biāo)卷III語法填空）Im not sure _61_ is more frightened, me or the female gorilla(大猩猩）that suddenly appears out of nowhere. Im walking on a path in the forest in the Central African Republic.【答案】which/who 【解析】考查賓語從句。句意：我不確定哪一個/誰更害怕，我，還是突然出現(xiàn)的雌性大猩猩。此處為賓語從句，空格處表示選擇，所以用which/who。_