Earthquakes一、閱讀理解。You use her as a shoulder to cry on. She texts you back with casual jokes. But she, Xiaoice, is only a virtual chatbot(虛擬聊天機器人). Xiaoice, Microsofts latest artificial intelligence robot, was briefly released in 2014, and returned to WeChat in 2015, where she became a big hit. Millions of young Chinese now exchange messages with her daily, the New York Times reported. On WeChat, Xiaoice is an official account. After following it, users can start text-based conversations with Xiaoice. “Her incredible learning ability was why people loved to talk with Xiaoice, ” Liu Jinchang, a researcher at High-tech Research and Development Center under the Ministry of Science and Technology, told China Daily. Apart from her ability to identify photos and send emojis(表情符號)in conversations, Xiaoice gains 45 percent of her knowledge from interacting with users, China Daily reported. Chatbot programs first appeared in the mid-1960s in the US. Driven by top tech panies, they are being smarter and more mon. For instance, IBMs latest artificial intelligence program served as an academic consultant at Australias Deakin University, answering students questions about course schedules and financial aid. Apples Siri and Amazons Alexa have been used as voice assistants who can read news, play music and even make jokes for their users. These programs are expected to move beyond smartphones, into televisions, cars and living rooms, the New York Times pointed out. However, it may take decades before scientists develop a “Samantha”, the advanced chatbot seen in the fiction film Her. In the film, Samantha has a romantic relationship with her user played by US actor Joaquin Phoenix. Many viewers were enthusiastic about this fantasy of virtual soul mates. 【文章大意】本文講述的是人工智能程序的發(fā)展情況, 列舉了微信上的聊天程序大受歡迎, IBM的人工智能程序能成為顧問, 但是目前這種程序主要應用在智能手機上, 人們期待它將來可以在手機以外的地方使用。1. What does the underlined part in Paragraph 2 mean? A. She became a best seller. B. She became very powerful. C. She became a money maker. D. She became very popular. 【解析】選D。推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中Millions of young Chinese now exchange messages with her daily可知, 她在微信上大受歡迎, 很多中國年輕人都喜歡與她聊天, 故選D。2. Which of the following can Xiaoice do? A. Do housework. B. Spread messages. C. Identify various photos. D. Read news to her users. 【解析】選C。細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中her ability to identify photos and send emojis可知, 她有能力分辨照片和發(fā)送表情符號, 故選C。3. Which panys chatbot program can act as an academic consultant? A. Microsoft. B. IBM. C. Apple. D. Amazon. 【解析】選B。細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中IBMs latest artificial intelligence program served as an academic consultant可知, IBM的最新人工智能程序可以作為學術顧問, 故選B。4. What can be learned from the last paragraph? A. Chatbots will be applied to cars soon. B. Chatbots mainly run on smartphones now. C. Samantha is played by a US actor in the film. D. The film Her doesnt interest many audience. 【解析】選B。推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中These programs are expected to move beyond smartphones, into televisions, cars and living rooms, 可知, 人們期待這些程序除了應用在智能手機上, 也能應用在電視、汽車、起居室等地, 所以目前是主要應用在智能手機上, 故選B。二、單句語法填空1I _ (trap) in the heavy rain on the way to school yesterday.答案：was trappedbe trapped in “被困在”。2After she heard the news, there was an excited _ (express) on her face.答案：expression由空前的“an excited”可知，應填名詞 expression “表情”。3When a fire broke out at the National Exhibition in London, at least ten priceless paintings _ (destroy)答案：were destroyed動詞destroy “毀滅；毀掉”，此處表被動，且指過去發(fā)生的事情，因此用一般過去時的被動語態(tài)。4The meeting came to _ end and he set down many key points.答案：ane to an end “結(jié)束”。5Dont forget to praise them _ (sincere) when someone does something good.答案：sincerely副詞 sincerely “真誠地”，在此處修飾動詞praise。6He was replaced by another midfielder because of his _ (injure)答案：injury由空前的his可知，應填名詞injury “受傷；傷害”。7Thank you for your letter conveying _ (congratulate) on my appointment.答案：congratulations由空前的現(xiàn)在分詞conveying可知，應填名詞。congratulation “祝賀”，且常用復數(shù)形式。8The news of the sudden death of the young famous pianist came this morning, which made his fans _ (shock)答案：shocked此處形容詞shocked “感到震驚的”作賓語補足語。9The government thinks _ (high) of his invention because it will benefit the whole country.答案：highlythink highly of “高度評價”，是固定搭配。10In a hurry, we arrived at a cabin in the mountain to shelter _ the rain.答案：fromshelter from the rain “躲雨”。三、完形填空。From childhood to old age, we all use language as a means of broadening our knowledge of ourselves and the world around us. When humans first _1_, they were like newborn babies, unable to use this _2_ tool. Yet once language developed, the possibilities for humankinds future _3_ and cultural growth increased. Many linguists believe that evolution is _4_ for our ability to produce and use language. They _5_ that our highly evolved brain provides us _6_ an innate language ability not found in lower _7_. Proponents(支持者)of this innateness(天賦)theory say that our _8_ for language is inborn, but that language itself develops gradually, _9_ a function of the growth of the brain during childhood. Therefore there are critical _10_ times for language development. Current _11_ of innateness theory are mixed, however, evidence supporting the existence of some innate abilities is undeniable. _12_ , more and more schools are discovering that foreign languages are best taught in _13_ grades. Young children often can learn several languages by being _14_ to them, while adults have a much harder time learning another language once the _15_ of their first language have bee firmly fixed. _16_ some aspects of language are undeniably innate, language does not develop automatically in a vacuum. Children who have been _17_ from other human beings do not possess language. This demonstrates that _18_ with other human beings is necessary for proper language development. Some linguists believe that this is even more basic to human language_19_ than any innate capacities. These theorists view language as imitative, learned behavior. _20_, children learn language from their parents by imitating them. Parents gradually shape their childs language skills by positively reinforcing precise imitations and negatively reinforcing imprecise ones.1. A. generatedB. evolvedC. bornD. bined【答案】B【解析】此處意為：當人類剛剛開始進化，他們?nèi)缤律鷥阂粯硬粫\用語言這種工具。evolved逐漸發(fā)展進化，符合題意。generated生殖，發(fā)展；born (bear的過去分詞)不能作謂語動詞；bined聯(lián)合，結(jié)合。2. A. valuableB. appropriateC. convenientD. favorite【答案】A【解析】根據(jù)語法分析，答案應用來修飾語言的。valuable珍貴的；appropriate合適的，適當?shù)?；convenient方便的，便利的；favorite最喜歡的。語言并不是人類選擇的結(jié)果，而是人類在進化過程中慢慢發(fā)展起來的，對人類來說，應當是珍貴的。3. A. achievementsB. convenienceC. entertainmentsD. appearance 【答案】A【解析】此處意思是：語言的發(fā)展增加了人類取得未來的成就和文化進步的可能性。achievements成就；convenience方便；entertainments娛樂；appearance外觀，外貌。4. A. essentialB. availableC. reliable D. responsible【答案】D【解析】此處意為：許多語言學家認為進化使人們產(chǎn)生和具備了語言的能力。固定短語be responsible for對負責，是的原由。其它選項不與for搭配。5. A. confirm B. informC. claimD. convince【答案】C6. A. forB. fromC. of D. with【答案】D【解析】固定搭配provide sb. with sth.意為“向(人)提供(物)”。 句意：他們斷言，我們高度發(fā)達的大腦，為我們提供了一種天生的、還沒有在低等生物體身上發(fā)現(xiàn)的語言能力。7. A. organizationsB. organismsC. humansD. children【答案】B【解析】根據(jù)上文的敘述，顯然，這里是把人和低等動物相比較。因此選organisms有機體，生物體。8. A. potentialB. performanceC. preferenceD. contribution【答案】A【解析】此句意思是：人類的語言能力是與生俱來的，但語言本身也在逐漸發(fā)展，所以這種能力應該是潛在的。potential潛力；performance履行；preference偏愛；contribution貢獻。9. A. as B. just asC. likeD. unlike【答案】A【解析】此句句意是：語言本身作為童年時期大腦生長的一種功能，其發(fā)展是緩慢的。as (作為，當作)合乎題意。like作為介詞的意思是“像一樣”。 10. A. consistentB. biologicalC. socialD. psychological【答案】B【解析】此句句意為：語言的發(fā)展有一個關鍵期，人體的成長是生物變化的過程。biological生物的；consistent一致的；social社會的；psychological心理的。11. A. reviewsB. referenceC. reactionD. remendation【答案】A【解析】此處意為：目前人們對“先天論”評論觀點不一，但是支持某些天生能力的證據(jù)卻是確鑿無疑的。reviews評論；reference參考；reaction反應；remendation推薦。12. A. In a wordB. In a senseC. IndeedD. In conclusion【答案】C13. A. uniqueB. differentC. the higherD. the lower【答案】D【解析】此處意思是：越來越多的學校發(fā)現(xiàn)在什么年級學外語較容易，根據(jù)常識(低年級學外語較容易)以及后文的Young children often can learn several languages by being 14 to them, while adults可以選定答案。14. A. revealedB. exposedC. engagedD. involved【答案】B【解析】此處意為：通過接觸多種語言，孩子們可以學會好幾種語言。be exposed to是固定搭配，接觸到。reveal(顯露)sth.to sb，不合題意，因本題中的them指languages。其余選項不與to搭配。engage in從事；be involved in參與。15. A. regulationsB. formationsC. rulesD. constitutions【答案】C【解析】此句意思是：一旦母語的規(guī)則被深深印入腦海中，成年人就很難再學好另一種語言。rules規(guī)則，規(guī)律；regulations規(guī)定；formations構(gòu)成，構(gòu)造；constitutions憲法，章程。16. A. AlthoughB. WhetherC. SinceD. When【答案】A【解析】分析上下文的邏輯關系，應為讓步關系。句意：雖然語言的一些因素是天生的這無可爭辯，但語言卻不能脫離實際而自動發(fā)展。17. A. distinguishedB. difficultC. protectedD. isolated【答案】D【解析】此句句意為：與人隔絕的兒童是不能掌握好一門語言的。isolated孤立的，與人隔絕的；distinguished區(qū)別的，杰出的；different不同的；protected受到保護的。18. A. expositionB. parisonC. contrastD. interaction【答案】D19. A. acquisitionB. appreciationC. requirementD. access【答案】A【解析】根據(jù)分析，本句中的“this”和“even more basic”分別指代上句的“interaction with other human beings”和“necessary”，此處所填詞對應上文中的language development。也就是說，language acquisition語言習得。appreciation欣賞，感激；requirement要求；access入口，通路，路徑。20. A. As a resultB. After all C. In other wordsD. As a whole【答案】C【解析】本句功能是以另一種方式解釋前文中的“imitative, learned behavior.(模仿性的后天行為)”。in other words換言之，換句話說；as a result結(jié)果是；after all畢竟；as a whole總的來說，總體上看。這些語言學家視語言為一種模仿的學習性行為。也就是說，孩子通過模仿父母的語言來進行學習。父母們通過鼓勵準確的模仿和改正不正確的模仿，逐漸塑造了他們的孩子的語言技能。四、單句改錯1The stone was so heavy for him to move, so he called his friends to help._答案：第一個sotootoo . to do “太而不能”。2The girl was sitting on the bench in the park, buried her head in the book in her hands._答案：buriedburying此處burying是現(xiàn)在分詞作伴隨狀語。3Judged from his appearance, he seems to be rich._答案：JudgedJudgingjudging from . “由來判斷”。4I think there are the number of opportunities to get more energy._答案：theaa number of opportunities “許多機會”。5The news that Donald Trump was elected President of the USA made the whole world extreme shocked._答案：extremeextremelyextremely副詞“極其，非?！?，此處修飾形容詞shocked。